奥曲肽治疗急性胃粘膜病变及应激性溃疡出血疗效观察

目的：探讨生长抑素类似物奥曲肽治疗急性胃粘膜病变及应激性溃疡出血的临床疗效。方法：应用奥曲肽治疗急性胃粘膜病变及应激性溃疡出血１１１例（男性７０例，女性４１例，平均年龄４３．６岁），给予奥曲肽０．１ｍｇ，静脉滴注，１次／８ｈ共维持３ｄ。结果：２４．４８及７２ｈ止血率分别为１８．９％、２８．８％和３７．８％，３ｄ总止血率为８５．６％，无效率为１４．４％。未发现明显的毒副反应。结论：奥曲肽对严重创伤、     

微波快速过氧化物酶染色法与灌注法用于微循环形态学研究之比较

以健康Wistar大白鼠为材料,对微波快速内源性过氧化物酶染色与灌注法显示微血管的方法进行了对比研究。结果,过氧化物酶组织化学法具有不用灌注、操作简单,所用时间短、对血管无扩张、破裂等人为改变的特点。保持了血管的真实的自然形态和管径大小,可以定量和半定量地判定组织器官活体时的液循环状况。可以用于人及动物的大脑、脊髓、皮肤、耳及食管等组织内微血管态学研究和定量分析。     

枝江县沮漳河滩钉螺及感染性钉螺分布的研究

采用系统抽样法调查湖沼型洲垸亚型流行区的沮漳河西岸枝江段面河滩钉螺及感染性钉螺的分布状况,结果河滩有螺面积214万m~2,共调查9247框,活螺框出现率14.40％,活螺密度0.68只/0.11m~2,感染螺框出现率2.54％,感染螺密度0.042只/0.11m~2,钉螺感染率6.13％。不同环境、不同段面螺情各异。96.89％的钉螺和96.13％的感染性钉螺集中分布在距河堤150m以内的洲滩。从而明确了区域性灭螺的范围。     

beta-Catenin activates the growth factor endothelin-1 in colon cancer cells

Endothelin-1 (EDN1) is a growth factor that is frequently produced by cancer cells and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the expression of EDN1 in cancers is unknown. Constitutive activation of beta-catenin pathway is responsible for the initiation of the vast majority of colon cancers. Here we show that the EDN1 gene is directly regulated by beta-catenin in colon cancer cells. A specific DNA element within the EDN1 promoter is required for activation, and is associated with beta-catenin's cognate DNA binding partner, TCF4, in vivo. Inhibition of beta-catenin signaling results in lowered expression of EDN1, while enhancement of beta-catenin signaling leads to further activation of the gene. Significantly elevated EDN1 expression occurs in 80% of primary human colon cancers, consistent with it being a direct target of beta-catenin. Furthermore, EDN1 is able to rescue colon cancer cells from growth arrest and apoptosis resulting from inhibition of beta-catenin signaling, implicating a key role of EDN1 in promoting the oncogenic function of beta-catenin. These results indicate EDN1 overexpression as a major cause in colon cancers and reveal further details of the genetic programs responsible for tumorigenesis of colon cancers.     

Atypical white matter volume development in children following craniospinal irradiation

Most children with medulloblastoma (MB), the second most common pediatric brain tumor, have a 70% probability of survival. However, survivors who receive aggressive therapy are at significant risk of cognitive deficits that have been associated with lower volumes of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). We hypothesized that cranial irradiation inhibited normal brain volume development in these survivors. We retrospectively analyzed 324 MRI studies of 52 patients with histologically proven MB treated with surgery and 35 to 40 Gy craniospinal irradiation, with or without chemotherapy. The volume of NAWM and that of cerebrospinal fluid were quantified from a single index section and compared with those of healthy, age-similar control subjects. A quadratic random coefficient model was used to identify trends in brain volume with increasing age. Patients treated for MB at younger ages demonstrated substantially less development of NAWM volume than did their healthy peers. Younger age at the time of irradiation and the need for a ventricular shunt were significantly associated with reduced NAWM volume. NAWM and craniospinal fluid volume differences between patients who had shunts and those without resolved over a period of four to five years. NAWM volume is known to be associated with neurocognitive test performance, which shows deficiencies after cranial irradiation early in life. Therefore, volumetric monitoring of brain development can be used to guide the care of survivors, assess the toxicity of previous and current clinical trials, and aid in the design of therapies that minimize toxicity.     

Expression of Presenilin-2 and Glutathione S Transferase π and Their Clinical Significance in Breast Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the expressions of presenilin-2 (PS2) and glutathione S transferase π (GSTπ) and their roles in prognosis and therapy of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Methods:The paraffin-embedded specimens of 210 patients with breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma were examined by using LSAB immunohistochemistry for the expression of PS2 and GSTπ. Results: The expression rate of PS2 and GSTπ was 49.5% (104/210) and 48.1% (101/210) respectively. The 5-year and 10-year postoperative survival rates in 4 groups, from high to low, were group 1 (PS2 positive expression/GSTπ negative expression), group 2 (PS2 positive expression/GSTπ positive expression), group 3 (PS2 negative expression/GSTπ negative expression) and group 4 (PS2 negative expression/GSTπ positive expression) in turn. Conclusion: The prognosis of the group 1 was the best, followed by the group 2, group 3 and group 4 in turn. These results suggested that the reasonable use of endocrinotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma is necessary.     

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the small bowel

Aims: We report herein an additional case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) in the duodenum and provide a review of the existing literature. Methods and Results: A 61-yr-old Chinese man was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of melena, anorexia, and weight loss. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) and gastrointestinal barium meal examination demonstrated a tumor of the duodenum suggestive of primary malignancy. The tumor was successfully treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy. It was histopathologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed to be a storiform-type primary MFH of the duodenum. There have been a total of 40 cases of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the small bowel documented in the literature including our Chinese cases. Conclusion: Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the small bowel, especially in the duodenum is extremely rare. The final diagnosis is made only after pathological and immunopathological examination of the tumor. The malignant potential of such tumors is high. The prognosis may be mainly dependent on the invasion and metastasis of tumor, while tumor size is irrelevant. The treatment should be surgery if possible. Early surgical intervention may be the best form of management that may offer the patient good result.     

PEGylation of yeast cytosine deaminase for pretargeting

Yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) was cloned, expressed, and purified by affinity chromatography. We have characterized the products resulting from covalent attachment of 2-4 PEG chains on yCD and determined the major and minor isomers for each respective conjugate. The results show that for non-covalently associated homodimers, it is possible to characterize and deduce PEGylation levels on individual subunits through the concurrent use of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), MALDI-TOF MS, and SDS-PAGE gels. The results also show that contrary to what we expected, attaching more than two PEG chains to yCD decreased its stability. Enzymatic activity studies revealed that the fusion of an N-terminus purification tag on yCD has no significant effect on 5-fluorocytosine or cytosine affinity, with apparent turnover rates remaining within 10(5) M(-1) . s(-1). Stability studies at 37 degrees C revealed that t1/2 = 8-9 h for yCD and 2mPEG(5K)-yCD, whereas for 3-, 4mPEG(5K)-yCD and yCD/BSA, t(1/2) < 2 h. Incubation of BSA with yCD also decreased enzyme stability over prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C. This finding is important if yCD is to be used in a pretargeting strategy.     

Identification of a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist, 2-methyl-2-(4-{3-[1-(4-methylbenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]propyl}phenoxy)propanoic acid (LY518674), that produces marked changes in serum lipids and apolipoprotein A-1 expression

Low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) is an important risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Optimum therapy for raising HDL-c is still not available. Identification of novel HDL-raising agents would produce a major impact on CAD. In this study, we have identified a potent (IC50 approximately 24 nM) and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) agonist, 2-methyl-2-(4-{3-[1-(4-methylbenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]propyl}phenoxy)propanoic acid (LY518674). In human apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) transgenic mice, LY518674 produced a dose-dependent increase in serum HDL-c, resulting in 208 +/- 15% elevation at optimum dose. A new synthesis of apoA-1 contributed to the increase in HDL-c. LY518674 increased apoA-1 mRNA levels in liver. Moreover, liver slices from animals treated with LY518674 secreted 3- to 6-fold more apoA-1 than control liver slices. In cultured hepatocytes, LY518674 produced 50% higher apoA-1 secretion, which was associated with increase in radiolabeled methionine incorporation in apoA-1. Thus, LY518674 is a potent and selective PPARalpha agonist that produced a much greater increase in serum HDL-c than the known fibrate drugs. The increase in HDL-c was associated with de novo synthesis of apoA-1.     

Heavy infection with Armillifer moniliformis: a case report

Pentastomid parasite Armillifer monififormis, (A.moniliformis) is a pathogen causing human pentastomiasis. Pentastomiasis is a parasitic zoonosis, which has seldom been reported. When the number of armillifer parasites infecting a person is few or very few, the overwhelming majority of the cases are of asymptomatic or subclinical presentation and are generally discovered during autopsies or at surgical operation.