Development and characterization of novel microsatellite markers in yellowcheck (Elopichthys bambusa)

Out of 55 microsatellites isolated by an enriched genomic library from yellowcheck (Elopichthys bambusa), eighteen polymorphic loci were characterized in a wild population from the Zhangdu Lake of the Yangtze River. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 14, the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.019 to 0.346 and 0.019 to 0.529, respectively. Eight loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) after Bonferroni correction, and ten loci were in HWE. Lower rate of polymorphic loci and heterozygosity may suggest a relative low level genetic diversity in the studied population. These novel microsatellite markers would facilitate molecular population genetic studies for yellowcheck.     

A retrospective study of laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism caused by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia

Objective

To evaluated the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA) caused by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (UAH).

Methods

One hundred and sixty-four patients who underwent laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy for UAH from January 2004 to December 2011 were entered in this retrospective analysis. Patients demographics, perioperative parameters, and follow-up results were recorded and analyzed statistically.

Results

All 164 cases suffered hypertension with biochemical evidence of hyperaldosteronism prior to operation. Hypokalemia was observed in 52/164 (37.14 %) patients. UAH was proved by multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). All operations were completed successfully without any conversions or complications. Postoperative pathology confirmed that 164 cases were cortical nodular hyperplasia, of which 4 cases coexist with medullary hyperplasia and 7 with micro-adenoma. At the median follow-up of 48 months, hypertension was cured in 88 (53.7 %) patients, improved in 71 (43.3 %) patients, and refractory in 5 (3.05 %) patients. Hypokalemia and hyperaldosteronism were cured in all patients except re-elevation of blood pressure and plasma aldosterone in two patients 1 month after adrenalectomy.

Conclusions

As an underestimated subtype of PA, UAH is accepted gradually. Laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy is nowadays the preferred approach to treat patients with PA caused by UAH. When adrenal venous sampling is not allowed, high-resolution MSCT is a reliable test for lateralization of aldosterone hypersecretion in carefully selected patients and 97 % had either cure or improvement in blood pressure control.     

Management of the Pulmonary Artery during Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Left Upper Lobectomy

Background

Complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (c-VATS) for left upper lobectomy is difficult due to the branching pattern of the left pulmonary artery.

Objective

Our purpose was to report outcomes of a modified technique of c-VATS left upper lobectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 83 patients with stage I/II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received left upper lobectomy between 2008 and 2011; 32 underwent conventional c-VATS and 50 received modified c-VATS. In the modified procedure, the order in which hilum of lung was treated was from the lingular segmental artery to the superior pulmonary vein to the bronchus, and then finally the pulmonary artery.

Results

The mean patient age was 63.6 ± 8.4 years, and no differences were observed in age, gender, and largest tumor diameter between the two groups. No conversion occurred in either group. The surgical time for modified c-VATS was significantly shorter than that for conventional c-VATS (210 vs. 270 min, p < 0.001). Drainage time after surgery and length of hospitalization for the modified c-VATS group were significantly less than those for the conventional group (drainage 3 vs. 4 days, respectively, p = 0.041; length of hospitalization 7 versus 12 days, respectively; p < 0.001). Surgical margins were clear in all cases. Four (8.0 %) complications occurred in the modified procedure group compared with ten (31.3 %) in the conventional group (p = 0.015).

Conclusion

This new technique offers shorter surgical and postoperative drainage time, shorter hospital stays, and fewer complications than conventional c-VATS upper left lobectomy.     

胎盘型谷胱甘肽S－转移酶在人乳腺癌的免疫组化检测

应用抗人胎盘型谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ－π）单克隆抗体，以微波ＬＳＡＢ免疫组化技术，检测了ＧＳＴ－π在人乳腺癌中的表达情况。１３２例乳腺癌中，７８．，８％（１０４／１３２）呈阳性表达。ＧＳＴ－π表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及腋窝淋巴结转移无明显相关，与组织学类型有一定关系，ＧＳＴ－π在ＥＲ（一）乳腺癌的阳性表达率９１．３％，显著高于ＥＲ（＋）者６４．４％（Ｐ＜０．０１），同样ＧＳＴ－π在ＰＲ（一）乳腺癌的阳性率８８．２％，也显著高于ＰＲ（＋）者６６．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明，ＧＳＴ－π的表达与乳腺癌发生、发展的关系密切，且与ＥＲ和ＰＲ的表达呈明显负相关，文中就其临床意义进行了讨论。     

体温测量时间的研究与护理对策

体温，也称体核温度，是指身体内部胸腔、腹腔和中枢神经的温度；其特点是相对稳定且较皮肤温度高。测量体温的目的是判断体温有无异常；动态监测体温变化，分析热型及相伴症状；协助诊断，为预防、治疗、康复、护理提供依据。目前，体温的测量部位主要有直肠、口腔和腋窝。测直肠温度时，将温度计插入直肠3cm以上，一般测量温度为3min。口腔（舌下部）是广泛采用的测温部位，其特点是所测温度值比较准确，测量也较为方便；但对不能配合的病人，如婴幼儿、精神异常、昏迷、口腔疾患等病人不宜测口温。腋窝皮肤表面温度较低，只有让被测者将上臂紧贴其胸廓，使腋窝紧闭形成人工体腔，机体内部的热量才能逐渐传导过来，使腋窝的温度逐渐升高至接近于体核的温度水平。因此测定腋窝温度时，时间至少需要10min左右。测量腋下体温操作方便，但存在的缺点是由于腋下测温是通过皮肤测量温度，故较其他两种方式所需的测量时间较长。