Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 1997

In the United States, cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality and results in approximately 430,000 deaths each year (1). One of the national health objectives for 2000 is to reduce the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults to no more than 15% (objective 3.4) (2). To assess progress toward meeting this objective, CDC analyzed self-reported data about cigarette smoking among U.S. adults from the 1997 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Sample Adult Core Questionnaire. This report summarizes the findings of this analysis, which indicate that, in 1997, 24.7% of adults were current smokers and that the overall prevalence of current smoking in 1997 was unchanged from the overall prevalence of current smoking from the 1995 NHIS.     

Frequency of vaccine-related and therapeutic injections--Romania, 1998

In Romania and other countries, therapeutic injections have been associated with transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and other bloodborne pathogens. During 1997-1998, acute hepatitis B was associated with recent injections in Romanian children aged <5 years. Injection-associated bloodborne pathogen transmission occurs when infection-control practices are inadequate, and overuse of injections to administer medications might increase opportunities for transmission. To estimate the frequency of therapeutic injections and to describe the attitudes and practices of adults about injections to administer medications, local health departments in Romania surveyed the general population of four districts (Hunedoara, Iasi, Mures, and Prahova [1997 combined population: 2.8 million]) in June 1998. This report summarizes results from these surveys, which indicate that injections are used frequently to administer medications in Romania.     

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--Nigeria, 1996-1998

In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by 2000. In the African Region of the World Health Organization (WHO), eradication efforts were accelerated following supporting resolutions by WHO's Regional Committee for Africa in 1995 and the Organization of African Unity in 1996. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa and part of a densely populated West African area extending from Nigeria to Cote D'Ivoire, is critically important to the global polio eradication initiative. This report summarizes 1) the success of National Immunization Days (NIDs); 2) the establishment of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance; and 3) accelerated efforts to meet the 2000 target, including mopping-up planned for later in 1999.     

Human rabies--Virginia, 1998

On December 31, 1998, a 29-year-old man in Richmond, Virginia, died from rabies encephalitis caused by a rabies virus variant associated with insectivorous bats. This report summarizes the clinical and epidemiologic investigations by the Virginia Department of Health and CDC.     

Update: influenza activity--United States, 1998-99 season

This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States from October 4, 1998, through February 27, 1999. It also presents results of an investigation of an influenza outbreak among staff and residents at one long-term-care facility (LTCF), and estimates the 1998-99 influenza vaccine effectiveness against the circulating influenza A(H3N2) viruses at that facility. Based on influenza surveillance data, influenza activity in the United States began to increase in mid-January 1999 and remained elevated in most regions of the country through the week ending February 27.     

腹腔镜子宫切除34例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下子宫切除的手术方法。方法:选择子宫肌瘤31例及子宫腺肌症3例为手术对象。8例作子宫全切除,26例为子宫次全切除。以电刀凝切方法分离子宫旁韧带,子宫的游离可达Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。结果:31例顺利完成手术,手术成功率91.2％。未发生邻近脏器损伤。结论:腹腔镜子宫切除手术创伤小,但难度较常规开放手术大,预防术中出血与邻近脏器损伤是手术成功的关键。     

lschaemic heart disease: Non-invasive prediction of reperfusion and coronary artery patency by continuous ST segment monitoring in the GUSTO-I trial

In the GUSTO-I ECG ischaemia monitoring substudy, 1067 patientsunderwent continuous ST segment monitoring, using vector-derived12-lead (406 patients), 12-lead (373 patients) and 3-lead Holter(288 patients) ECG recording systems. Simultaneous angiogramsat 90 or 180 min following thrombolytic therapy were performedas a part of the prospective study in 302 patients. Infarct vessel patency was established as TIMI perfusion grades2 or 3 and occlusion as TIMI perfusion grades 0 or 1. Coronaryartery patency was predicted from ST trends up to the time ofangiography. Predictive values at 90 and 180 min after the startof thrombolysis were 70% and 82% for patency and 58% and 64%for occlusion, respectively. In retrospect, accuracy appearedgreatest (79–100%) in patients with extensive ST segmentelevation (400 µV), if both speed of ST recovery and extentof ST segment: elevation were taken into account. Although thethree recording systems differed considerably in signal processing,no significant difference in accuracy was demonstrated amongthese systems. We conclude that continuous ECG monitoring may help select highrisk patients without apparent reperfusion who may benefit fromadditional reperfusion therapy. As ST recovery may occur earlyafter the start of thrombolytics and accuracy of the test isrelated to peak ST levels, the use of on-line ECG monitoringdevices on emergency wards and cardiac care units is recommended.(Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 689–698)     

比色法测定消癌平注射液中总酚酸的含量

目的　建立消癌平注射液中总酚酸的含量测定方法。方法　以绿原酸为对照品 ,比色法测定。结果　绿原酸回归方程为A =35 8.1 4×C - 5 .3879(r=0 .9993,n =9)。在 2 0 .5～ 32 8μg范围内呈线性关系 ,平均回收率为 1 0 0 .4 8% ,RSD =1 .70 %。结论　所用方法简便、准确、快速 ,可作为该制剂的定量方法