A volumetric prediction model for postoperative cyst shrinkage

Clinical Oral Investigations - With only limited information available on dimensional changes after jaw cyst surgery, postoperative cyst shrinkage remains largely unpredictable. We aimed to propose...     

Multidrug-resistant bacteria in geriatric clinics,nursing homes,and ambulant care – Prevalence and risk factors

Colonization/infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, is an increasing problem not only in hospitals but also in long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence as well as the risk factors of colonization/infection with MRSA, VRE, and ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in geriatric clinics, nursing homes, and ambulant care in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 288 patients from 2 geriatric clinics (n = 46), 8 nursing homes (n = 178), and 2 ambulant care facilities (n = 64) as well as 64 staff members were screened for MDRB in the time period from October 2006 to May 2007. 58 patients (20.1%) and 4 staff members (6.2%) were colonized with MDRB. Among patients, 27 (9.4%) were colonized with MRSA, 11 (3.8%) were screened positive for VRE, and 25 (8.7%) were found to be colonized with ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. Prevalence of MDRB in geriatric clinics, nursing homes, and ambulant care facilities were 32.6%, 18.5%, and 15.6%, respectively. Significant risk factors for MDRB were immobility (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5–4.9; p = 0.002), urinary catheter (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.7–5.9; p < 0.001), former hospitalization (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.0; p = 0.033), and wounds/decubiti (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5–4.9; p = 0.03). Finally, the high level of MDRB in geriatric clinics, nursing homes, and ambulant care points to the importance of these institutions as a reservoir for dissemination.     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对蒙药苏格木勒-3水提物化学成分的研究

目的：对蒙药苏格木勒-3水提物进行化学成分研究,构建较为全面的化学成分谱,为苏格木勒-3水提物有效物质基础研究奠定基础。方法：采用超高液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）技术,使用ESI离子源,通过mzCloud与mzVoult软件以及质谱裂解规律,并结合对照品及相关文献资料比对进行定性分析。结果：经过分析,从蒙药苏格木勒-3水提物中共鉴定出42个成分,主要包括氨基酸、酚酸类、黄酮类、内酯类、生物碱类及其他类等6类成分,并对各成分的药材来源进行归属。结论：本研究全面、快速、准确地分析了蒙药苏格木勒-3水提物的化学成分,为其药效物质基础和质量控制等研究奠定了基础。     

Molecular heterogeneity in acute leukemia lineage switch

Six cases of acute leukemia that underwent lineage switch from acute lymphocytic leukemia to acute myelogenous leukemia are reported. The mean age of the patients was 24 years, time to conversion was 36 months, and survival after conversion was only 3 months. Of the three cases which showed abnormal metaphases at both diagnosis and conversion, two (cases 2, 5) showed related cytogenetic abnormalities, and the third showed (case 3) independent chromosomal changes. Molecular analysis for immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor beta chain genes showed that five of the six cases had rearrangement of at least one of these lymphoid associated genes at conversion to acute myelogenous leukemia. The single case (case 3) in which there were no lymphoid gene rearrangements at conversion was also the only case in which independent karyotypic abnormalities at diagnosis and conversion were demonstrated. Our findings suggest that lineage switch can represent either relapse of the original clone with heterogeneity at the molecular level or the emergence of a second new leukemic clone without molecular heterogeneity.     

宫内炎症暴露对早产儿固有免疫应答的影响

目的探讨宫内炎症暴露对早产儿固有免疫应答的影响。方法 2013年6月至2014年6月出生、胎龄35周的早产儿47例纳入本研究。依据胎盘病理检查结果,将早产儿分为宫内炎症阳性组和阴性组。采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法和贴壁黏附法分别获得脐血单个核细胞以及单核细胞。用内毒素(LPS,100 ng/ml)刺激单个核细胞12 h后,流式细胞术(PCR)检测CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR的表达量以及CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+的比例。用LPS(100 ng/ml)刺激单核细胞6 h后,Real-Time PCR检测单核细胞IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-αm RNA表达量的变化。ELISA检测脐血以及单核细胞培养上清液中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平。结果宫内炎症阳性组脐血血浆IL-6水平高于宫内炎症阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。LPS刺激后,两组单核细胞IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-αm RNA表达量及培养上清液中蛋白水平均显著升高,与刺激前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。LPS刺激后,宫内炎症阳性组CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达量显著降低,而宫内炎症阴性组则显著升高,与刺激前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);且阳性组HLA-DR表达量显著低于阴性组(P=0.002)。结论宫内炎症暴露并不影响早产儿脐血单核细胞对LPS的应答反应水平,但可抑制单核细胞激活后主要抗原递呈受体的表达。     

Search for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in hemophilia patients

This study was performed to determine the risk of family members of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive hemophilia patients (index patients) for infection with HCV compared with the risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. All index patients (n = 141) were found to be positive by first and second generation anti-HCV enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Among their household contacts (n = 228), 224 were negative and 1 positive by both assays. Three contacts gave positive results in first generation anti-HCV EIA and negative results in second generation assay. This latter result was confirmed by further tests (neutralization test, synthetic peptides, and supplemental assay). Percent positivity for anti-HBc was about the same in non-sexual household contacts and sexual partners (13 of 109 [12%] and 7 of 54 [13%], respectively). Percent prevalence of anti-HBc was higher in contacts of index patients with chronic hepatitis B than in those of index patients who had recovered from that disease (6 of 20 [30%] and 14 of 133 [10%], respectively; P < .05). The HBV infection rate of contacts participating in controlled self-treatment was not higher than that of controls (3 of 57 [5%] and 10 of 98 [10%], respectively). Of 44 sexual partners, 5 (11%) were found to be positive for anti-HIV. Prevalence of anti-HAV matched with the age-related distribution in the German population. These findings suggest that intrafamilial transmission of HCV to family members of hemophilia patients is uncommon. In contacts of hemophilia patients, the risk of acquiring HBV infection seems to be as high in household contacts as in sexual contacts. Participation in controlled self-treatment does not appear to be an additional risk for HCV and HBV infection. There is no doubt that sexual transmission of HCV is less common than that of HBV and HIV.