全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1140篇 |
免费 | 51篇 |
国内免费 | 66篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 57篇 |
妇产科学 | 13篇 |
基础医学 | 87篇 |
口腔科学 | 36篇 |
临床医学 | 159篇 |
内科学 | 248篇 |
皮肤病学 | 44篇 |
神经病学 | 43篇 |
特种医学 | 248篇 |
外科学 | 72篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
预防医学 | 46篇 |
眼科学 | 19篇 |
药学 | 101篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 45篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 34篇 |
2012年 | 18篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 31篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 64篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 62篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 74篇 |
1995年 | 65篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 52篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 46篇 |
1988年 | 30篇 |
1987年 | 43篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1257条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
31.
Recombinant human interleukin-11 stimulates multilineage hematopoietic recovery in mice after a myelosuppressive regimen of sublethal irradiation and carboplatin 总被引:23,自引:3,他引:23
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a novel multifunctional hematopoietic cytokine capable of stimulating cells of the myeloid, lymphoid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages in vitro. We have tested the pleiotropic properties of this cytokine on the hematopoietic recovery of mice after a combined regimen of sublethal irradiation and carboplatin administration. This regimen results in severe myelosuppression, characterized by a prolonged period of thrombocytopenia and severe anemia. Administration of recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11; 250 micrograms/kg/d) had multilineage effects on bone marrow and spleen hematopoietic activity, increasing the number of megakaryocyte, erythroid, granulocyte, and macrophage progenitors compared with the vehicle-treated controls. This was reflected in the peripheral circulation by a reduction of both the platelet and hematocrit nadirs and a significantly reduced period of thrombocytopenia and anemia in the rhIL-11-treated mice. The results from this study support the broad spectrum of biologic activities that have been attributed to rhIL-11 in vitro and suggest that this cytokine may be an effective agent in the treatment of myelosuppression associated with cancer chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. 相似文献
32.
O'Day SJ; Rabinowe SN; Neuberg D; Freedman AS; Soiffer RJ; Spector NA; Robertson MJ; Anderson K; Whelan M; Pesek K 《Blood》1994,83(9):2707-2714
Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) clearly hastens myeloid recovery in patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). In efforts to further improve neutrophil engraftment and shorten hospital stay in ABMT patients, rhGM-CSF was administered by a potentially more potent route (continuous infusion) to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients with better BM reserve (first remission). Time to myeloid engraftment was compared with that of NHL patients treated in first remission at our institution on a similar ABMT protocol but without growth factor support (controls). Median neutrophil engraftment (absolute neutrophil count, 500 cells/microL) in first remission patients treated with rhGM-CSF was 14 days, compared with 22 days in controls (P = .0001). Hospital stays were also significantly reduced for rhGM-CSF patients (P = .0003). Platelet engraftment did not differ between the two groups. Persistent fever and generalized serositis were the primary toxicities. rhGM-CSF, delivered by this route, was efficacious but more toxic than 2-hour rhGM-CSF infusions previously reported by other investigators. Future alterations in both dose and schedule may retain comparable efficacy yet diminish toxicity. 相似文献
33.
Sarah A Stuart Paul Butler Marcus R Munafò David J Nutt Emma SJ Robinson 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2015,40(9):2165-2174
The biochemical targets for antidepressants are relatively well established, but we lack a clear understanding of how actions at these proteins translate to clinical benefits. This study used a novel rodent assay to investigate how different antidepressant drugs act to modify affective biases that have been implicated in depression. In this bowl-digging task, rats encounter two equal value learning experiences on separate days (one during an affective manipulation and the other during control conditions). This induces an affective bias that is quantified using a preference test in which both digging substrates are presented together and the individual rats’ choices recorded. The assay can be used to measure affective biases associated with learning (when the treatment is given at the time of the experience) or examine the modification of previously acquired biases (when the treatment is administered before the preference test). The rapid-onset antidepressant ketamine, but not the delayed-onset antidepressant, venlafaxine, attenuated the previously acquired FG7142-induced negative bias following systemic administration. Venlafaxine but not ketamine induced a positive bias when administered before learning. We then used local drug infusions and excitotoxic lesions to localize the effects of ketamine to the medial prefrontal cortex and venlafaxine to the amygdala. Using a modified protocol we also showed that positive and negative biases amplified further when the numbers of substrate–reinforcer associations are increased. We propose that this pattern of results could explain the delayed onset of action of venlafaxine and the rapid onset of action but lack of long-term efficacy seen with ketamine. 相似文献
34.
Gloria R. Grice Nicole M. Gattas Jill Sailors Julie A. Murphy Amy Tiemeier Peter Hurd Theresa Prosser Tricia Berry Wendy Duncan 《Patient education and counseling》2013
Objective
To assess whether student pharmacists’ communication skills improved using the Four Habits Model (FHM) at the St. Louis College of Pharmacy.Methods
During the Fall of 2009 and 2010, student pharmacists in the third professional year learned and practiced the FHM. They were given feedback by faculty on three of the four Habits, used the FHM for self and peer assessment, and were formally evaluated on all four Habits during a standardized patient encounter.Results
Student pharmacist performance significantly improved from baseline during both Fall 2009 and Fall 2010 in the majority of the Habits assessed.Conclusion
Use of the FHM in pharmacy education can improve a student pharmacists’ ability to display the four Habits of communicating and developing relationships with patients. Tailoring of the FHM to pharmacy encounters will further enhance the utility of this communication framework.Practice implications
Use of the FHM enhances the measurement and assessment of the relational aspects of student pharmacist–patient communication skills. Consistent use of the FHM over time is likely necessary to fully develop and retain communication skills. The overall goal is to improve patient's health literacy and appropriate medication use by improving communication and the pharmacist–patient relationship. 相似文献35.
HL Robbins M Hetzel S Mungall SJ Cawthorn 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2015,97(1):e1-e2
Tuberculous mastitis is rare, especially in Western countries. We describe a case where the interferon gamma release assay blood test led to diagnosis and successful treatment of the disease. 相似文献
36.
Production of immuno and biologically active erythropoietin was documented to occur in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG-2. The expression of the erythropoietin gene was further verified by Northern blot analysis using a single stranded RNA probe. In vitro studies showed that erythropoietin production by these cells was not stimulated by hypoxia or cobalt chloride, but was related to the proliferative activity of the cells in culture. In addition it was found that the secretion of erythropoietin was almost completely abrogated by tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. This effect of tunicamycin was also observed in a permanently transfected cell line that secretes erythropoietin in large quantities. 相似文献
37.
We treated 51 patients with advanced malignant lymphoma refractory to conventional therapy with methyl-glyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (methyl- GAG) at doses ranging from 400 to 800 mg/sq m. Therapy was started on a weekly schedule and was switched to every other week in responding patients at the onset of toxicity. Partial responses were observed in 6 of 13 evaluable patients with Hodgkin's disease (46%), 5 of 10 patients with diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (50%), 2 of 4 patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (50%), and 3 of 13 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (23%). Two of six patients with mycosis fungoides showed objective improvement in cutaneous disease. Toxicity was generally mild and included muscular weakness, myalgia, mucositis, and diarrhea; two patients developed bronchospasm following drug infusions. We conclude that methyl-GAG has major antitumor activity when administered on this schedule to patients with advanced malignant lymphoma. The low degree of toxicity, unique mechanism of action, and minimal myelosuppressive effects suggest that methyl-GAG will prove useful in future trials of combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of lymphoma. 相似文献
38.
Development of large numbers of mast cells at sites of idiopathic chronic dermatitis in genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
The normal skin and other tissues of adult mast cell-deficient WBB6F1- W/Wv or WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice contain less than 1.0% the number of mast cells present in the corresponding tissues of the congenic normal (+/+) mice. As a result, genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv or WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice are widely used for studies of mast cell differentiation and function. We found that mast cells developed at sites of idiopathic chronic dermatitis in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice and that the number of mast cells present in the skin of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice was proportional to the severity of the dermatitis (in ear skin, there were 33 +/- 4 mast cells/mm2 of dermis at sites of severe dermatitis v 9 +/- 3 at sites of mild dermatitis, 0.8 +/- 0.3 in skin without dermatitis, and 100 +/- 7 in the normal skin of congenic WBB6F1-+/+ mice; in back skin, the corresponding values were 2.0 +/- 0.6, 1.1 +/- 0.9, 0.025 +/- 0.025, and 26.2 +/- 3.2). The development of mast cells was a local, not systemic, consequence of the dermatitis. Thus, WBB6F1-W/Wv mice with severe dermatitis lacked mast cells in skin not showing signs of dermatitis and also in the peritoneal cavity, stomach, cecum, and tongue. Idiopathic chronic dermatitis was not associated with the local development of mast cells in WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice, a mutant whose mast cell deficiency is due to a mechanism distinct from that of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. These findings may have implications for understanding the nature of the mast cell deficiency in WBB6F1-W/Wv and WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice and for the use of these mutants to analyze mast cell differentiation and function. 相似文献
39.
Histamine reduces boron neutron capture therapy‐induced mucositis in an oral precancer model
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Oral diseases》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
40.
RC Baker RAJ Spence M Boohan A Dorman M Stevenson SJ Kirk K McGlade 《The Ulster medical journal》2015,84(1):30-36