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Gregor Wolbring 《Neuroethics》2013,6(3):607-616
The time is near where ‘therapeutic’ bodily assistive devices, developed to mimic species-typical body structures in order to enable normative body functioning, will allow the wearer to outperform the species-typical body in various functions. Although such devices are developed for people that are seen to exhibit sub species-typical abilities, many ‘therapeutic enhancements’ might also be desired and used by people that exhibit species-typical body abilities. This paper presents the views of members of the World Federation of the Deaf on potential beyond species-typical abilities enabling therapeutic assistive devices (i.e. related to hearing). Survey respondents showed support for the development and uptake of beyond normal hearing enabling devices. The views of survey respondents as clients affect hearing-enabling professions (such as audiologist and speech pathologists). The paper analyzes what guidance code of ethics of hearing enabling professions give in regards to beyond normal hearing enabling devices. This paper suggests that people labeled impaired and the professions that serve them should more involved in the enhancement discourse. 相似文献
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Adele Tessitore Miriam Patella Mauro Giuliani Thomas Theologou Stefania Freguia Eleonora Maddalena Minerva Gregor Rugel Stefano Cafarotti 《Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery》2021,32(3):367
We report the first surgical series of patients developing pleural empyema after severe bilateral interstitial lung disease in confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The empyema results in a complex medical challenge that requires combination of medical therapies, mechanical ventilation and surgery. The chest drainage approach was not successful to relieve the symptomatology and to drain the excess fluid. After multidisciplinary discussion, a surgical approach was recommended. Even though decortication and pleurectomy are high-risk procedures, they must be considered as an option for pleural effusion in Coronavirus disease-positive patients. This is a life-treating condition, which can worsen the coronavirus disease manifestation and should be treated immediately to improve patient’s status and chance of recovery. 相似文献
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Victoria Montes-Restrepo Pieter van Mierlo Gregor Strobbe Steven Staelens Stefaan Vandenberghe Hans Hallez 《Brain topography》2014,27(1):95-111
Electroencephalographic source localization (ESL) relies on an accurate model representing the human head for the computation of the forward solution. In this head model, the skull is of utmost importance due to its complex geometry and low conductivity compared to the other tissues inside the head. We investigated the influence of using different skull modeling approaches on ESL. These approaches, consisting in skull conductivity and geometry modeling simplifications, make use of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images to generate seven different head models. A head model with an accurately segmented skull from CT images, including spongy and compact bone compartments as well as some air-filled cavities, was used as the reference model. EEG simulations were performed for a configuration of 32 and 128 electrodes, and for both noiseless and noisy data. The results show that skull geometry simplifications have a larger effect on ESL than those of the conductivity modeling. This suggests that accurate skull modeling is important in order to achieve reliable results for ESL that are useful in a clinical environment. We recommend the following guidelines to be taken into account for skull modeling in the generation of subject-specific head models: (i) If CT images are available, i.e., if the geometry of the skull and its different tissue types can be accurately segmented, the conductivity should be modeled as isotropic heterogeneous. The spongy bone might be segmented as an erosion of the compact bone; (ii) when only MR images are available, the skull base should be represented as accurately as possible and the conductivity can be modeled as isotropic heterogeneous, segmenting the spongy bone directly from the MR image; (iii) a large number of EEG electrodes should be used to obtain high spatial sampling, which reduces the localization errors at realistic noise levels. 相似文献
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PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression in HNSCC primary cancer and related lymph node metastasis – impact on clinical outcome 下载免费PDF全文
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Luria (1947/1970) proposed left-top positions in arm folding (AF) and hand clasping (HC) to be signs of “latent left-handedness”. However, research since has revealed that (1) left-top positions are canonical for European right-handers and (2) combined AF/HC measures may provide more information about cerebral laterality than either measure considered alone. We tested whether AF and HC or AF/HC combinations predicted diminished right-handedness for 12 handedness items. Results from 509 healthy participants showed that (1) left-top positions in AF and HC were dominant across participants, as was right-handedness, and a right-top position in HC was associated with attenuated right-handedness, (2) right-hand preference was more frequently associated with congruent AF/HC combinations, especially of the LL type (AF: left-top / HC: left-top), and (3) non-right-hand preference was associated with non-congruent, predominantly LR combinations. We conjecture that the LL type combination indicates left hemispheric dominance for motor actions, whereas the LR combination, in which HC as the distally innervated posture deviates from the canonical pattern, indicates attenuated hemispheric asymmetry. Our data support Luria's proposition that a left-top preference in AF points to “latent” left-handedness, but only if associated with a right-top preference in HC. Consistent left-top preference for the combined AF/HC measure appears to predict right-handedness. 相似文献