改良小梁切除术治疗伴有高眼压及大瞳孔的急性房角关闭

目的 评价改良小梁切除术治疗伴有高眼压及大瞳孔的急性房角关闭的临床疗效。方法收集2005年1月至2009年3月中山大学中山眼科中心青光眼专业实施改良小梁切除术治疗伴有高眼压及大瞳孔的急性房角关闭21例（21眼）的临床资料,对术后并发症及手术前后的眼压、视力、瞳孔等进行统计分析。 结果 术前眼压(48.25±3.14) mmHg,平均用降眼压药种类3.35种,明显高于出院时眼压(10.47±1.15)mmHg(t=11.4573,P＜0.01)及术后3个月眼压(13.86±0.93) mmHg(t=11.2641,P＜0.01)。出院视力(0.09±0.05)与术前视力(0.11±0.06)差异无统计学意义(沁0.8702,P= 0.3913),术后3个月视力(0.21±0.04)则稍好于术前（t=-2.7907,P=0.0112）。术前瞳孔垂直径(5.81±0.23) mm与出院时瞳孔垂直径(5.92±0.21 )mm差异无统计学意义（t=-1.5013,P=0.1672）。无严重并发症发生。 结论 改良小梁切除术是治疗伴有高眼压及大瞳孔的急性房角关闭的有效方法,术中分次放房水、巩膜瓣调节缝线、术毕形成前房等措施可有效减少严重并发症的发生。     

Non-native fish in Belarusian and Polish areas of the European central invasion corridor

This is the first comprehensive review to examine the role of the central European invasion corridor on fish introductions into Belarusian and Polish inland waters (Dnieper-Bug-Vistula-Oder-Elbe-Spree-Havel). Historical and recent data were assessed, including the results of a 2003–2008 survey along the Belarusian and Polish sections of the corridor. Since the eighteenth century, at least six fish species of Ponto-Caspian origin have spread via the corridor and migrated westwards to the Baltic basin, with five species found in recent surveys, namely the monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis, round goby N. melanostomus, racer goby N. gymnotrachelus, tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus and the white eye-bream Abramis sapa. Four other non-native species were also found within the corridor — the Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii, gibel carp Carassius gibelio, brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus and the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva. Their presence is related to numerous accidental introductions to many localities in Belarus and Poland, rather than from using the corridor as an invasion route. One species, the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, has migrated from the Baltic basin to the Black Sea drainage systems.     

提高大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型存活率的实验研究

目的建立大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型,并进行评估,以提高存活率和成功率。方法分批对70只SD大鼠行冠状动脉左前降支结扎术,同时设15只假手术组,并计算死亡率。于4周时行血流动力学检查,检测心率(HR)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室压力最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)以及左室压力最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)。结果4周时模型组HR、+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax绝对值均低于假手术组(P<0.05),LVEDP则高于假手术组(P<0.05)。随着手术大鼠例数增多,存活率得到提高(P<0.05)。结论心肌梗死后4周形成心力衰竭模型,通过经口气管插管法、选择结扎冠状动脉分支末梢部位、增加手术操作熟练程度,可提高动物存活率。     

26万女性队列人群中乳腺癌与人工流产关系的研究（上海）

目的：评估人工流产（指手术流产）对乳腺癌危险性的可能影响。方法：研究在上海267040例妇女的一项乳房自我检查随机试验的队列人群中进行，由队列研究和巢式病例对照研究两部分组成。结果：依据基线调查表采集的资料分析，人工流产不增加乳腺癌危险性。调整潜在的混淆因素后，OR=1．06（95％CI：0．91～1．25）。人工流产次数增加无危险性趋势增加。从更详细的652例乳腺癌病例和694例对照资料分析，得出相似的结果。人工流产发生在首次生育后不增加危险性；少数妇女在首次生育前人工流产以及妊娠13周后人工流产，虽然被观察到危险性有增加，但无显著性统计学意义。结论：在中国，人工流产不是乳腺癌发生的重要原因。     

开设综合性生理学实验课的实践与体会

生理学探索性、综合性实验有利于提高学生的系统综合和创新能力，为此，根据实验室现有条件，我们对传统实验教学进行改革，设计成为探索性综合性实验并在七年制学生中开展。该实验既与课本知识紧密结合，又与临床密切相关。实践证明，该实验使学生系统性掌握生理学知识的同时为他们临床分析解决问题奠定了基础。     

止痛消痔膏治疗痔疮临床观察

目的：探讨止痛消痔膏对痔疮的临床治疗效果。方法：采用完全随机的方法,将110例受试对象分配到治疗组（60例）和对照组（50例）。治疗组采用止痛消痔膏,对照组采用马应龙痔疮膏。根据疗效标准判断疗效。结果：治疗组60例患者中,有效率为99.99%,对照组50例患者中,有效率达78%。结论：止痛消痔膏治疗湿热性痔病疗效肯定。     

Remission following an elemental diet or prednisolone in Crohn's disease

The short- and long-term effects of an elemental diet in children with acute Crohn's disease were compared with those of prednisolone in historical controls. Clinical remission was induced in 25 of 30 and in 18 of 28 episodes treated for six weeks with an elemental diet and prednisolone. Patients with proximal disease had longer remission after treatment with an elemental diet (p < 0.05) than did patients with colonic disease after treatment with prednisolone (p < 0.01). Disease activity index score improved in both groups compared with the pretreatment scores (p < 0.05). However, the improvement in the elemental diet group was significantly better than in the prednisolone group (p < 0.001). Changes in linear growth were better after treatment with an elemental diet compared with steroids (p < 0.001). Serum albumin and haematocrit concentrations all improved significantly in the children treated with an elemental diet (p < 0.001) but not in those treated with steroids. Thus an elemental diet was better than prednisolone in proximal disease and confirmed improved growth and nutritional status.     

层流洁净技术在烧伤治疗中的应用

目的 探索层流洁净技术治疗大面积烧伤的价值。方法 对室内空气及创面进行细菌培养；监测病房使用时间的细菌微粒数比较，各洁净级别杀菌率。不同级别地点细菌培养结果比较。结果 千级以上层流病房细菌培养为“0”，与普通病房对照有较大差别，患者死亡率明显降低，疗程缩短，医疗费用下降，手术植皮及其他伤口均达Ⅰ期愈合，无交叉感染。结论 层流洁净病房应用于烧伤治疗，疗效非常满意。