全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4136篇 |
免费 | 358篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 44篇 |
儿科学 | 116篇 |
妇产科学 | 98篇 |
基础医学 | 507篇 |
口腔科学 | 59篇 |
临床医学 | 513篇 |
内科学 | 725篇 |
皮肤病学 | 64篇 |
神经病学 | 524篇 |
特种医学 | 285篇 |
外科学 | 486篇 |
综合类 | 136篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 346篇 |
眼科学 | 36篇 |
药学 | 323篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 241篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 54篇 |
2019年 | 58篇 |
2018年 | 60篇 |
2017年 | 51篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 81篇 |
2013年 | 128篇 |
2012年 | 148篇 |
2011年 | 158篇 |
2010年 | 103篇 |
2009年 | 88篇 |
2008年 | 143篇 |
2007年 | 137篇 |
2006年 | 130篇 |
2005年 | 156篇 |
2004年 | 115篇 |
2003年 | 163篇 |
2002年 | 144篇 |
2001年 | 119篇 |
2000年 | 129篇 |
1999年 | 120篇 |
1998年 | 91篇 |
1997年 | 68篇 |
1996年 | 55篇 |
1995年 | 52篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 47篇 |
1992年 | 88篇 |
1991年 | 66篇 |
1990年 | 65篇 |
1989年 | 87篇 |
1988年 | 99篇 |
1987年 | 103篇 |
1986年 | 77篇 |
1985年 | 81篇 |
1984年 | 62篇 |
1983年 | 62篇 |
1982年 | 54篇 |
1981年 | 50篇 |
1980年 | 52篇 |
1979年 | 67篇 |
1978年 | 56篇 |
1977年 | 46篇 |
1974年 | 50篇 |
1973年 | 62篇 |
1972年 | 61篇 |
1971年 | 51篇 |
1970年 | 43篇 |
1969年 | 40篇 |
排序方式: 共有4511条查询结果,搜索用时 437 毫秒
51.
Yang GC; Croaker D; Zhang AL; Manglick P; Cartmill T; Cass D 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(6):1047-1052
Lethal white foal syndrome (LWFS) is a congenital anomaly of horses
characterized by a white coat colour and aganglionosis of the bowel, which
is similar to Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). We decided to investigate
possible mutations of the endothelin-B receptor gene ( EDNRB ) in LWFS as
recent studies in mutant rodents and some patients have demonstrated EDNRB
defects. First, we identified a full-length cDNA for horse EDNRB . This
cDNA fragment contained a 1329 bp open reading frame which encoded 443
amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence was 89, 91 and 85%
identical to human, bovine and mouse as well as rat EDNRB respectively, but
only 55% identical to the human, bovine and rat endothelin A receptor
(EDNRA). Secondly, sequence analysis, together with allele-specific PCR and
the amplification- created restriction site (ACRS) technique, revealed a
dinucleotide TC-- >AG mutation, which changed isoleucine to lysine in
the predicted first transmembrane domain of the EDNRB protein. This was
associated with LWFS when homozygous and with the overo phenotype when
heterozygous.
相似文献
52.
Fertilization and early embryology: Influence of maternal age on meiotic spindle assembly oocytes from naturally cycling women 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Battaglia D.E.; Goodwin P.; Klein N.A.; Soules M.R. 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1996,11(10):2217-2222
To examine the effects of maternal ageing on the meiotic apparatus,we obtained oocytes from naturally cyding women in two age groups,including younger (aged 2025 years) and older (aged 4045years) women. Using high- resolution confocal microscopy weobtained a detailed picture of the meiotic spindle and chromosomeplacement during various phases of meiosls. Our data revealedthat the meiotic spindle in older women is frequently abnormal,both with regard to chromosome alignment and the micro- tubulematrix that comprise the meiotic spindle. The spindle in 79%of the oocytes from the older group exhibited abnormal tubulinplacement and one or more chromosomes were displaced from themetaphase plate during the second meiotic division. In contrast,only 17% of the oocytes from the younger age group exhibitedaneuploid conditions. The majority of eggs from this group possesseda well ordered, meiotlc spindle containing chromosomes thatwere fully aligned within a distinct metaphase plate in thespindle. Chromosome management during meiosis is directed bymicrotubule assembly within the spindle. These data suggestthat the regulatory mechanisms responsible for assembly of themeiotic spindle are significantly altered in older women, leadingto the high prevalence of aneuploidy. 相似文献
53.
Edith A. Burns Raymond Fleming David A. Wagstaff James S. Goodwin Robert Hirschman Jordan J. Greenberg 《Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research》2002,7(2):65-74
Few investigations have looked at behavioral stress outcomes in Alzheimer's caregivers. This study documented concentration deficits to examine behavioral outcomes of stress in 33 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) caregivers and in 33 age-, sex-, and race-matched controls. As hypothesized, caregivers showed less persistence than controls in solving problems from a standard test of problem-solving ability. In addition, caregivers tended to make more errors than controls on a standard proofreading task ( p < .09). In AD caregivers, cognitive deficits (represented by lower scores on problem-solving and concentration tasks) may be representative of a broader deficit in concentration that impairs the ability of caregivers to provide for their own needs and the needs of the family member for whom they are caring. 相似文献
54.
Monkeys were trained to produce a low, steady biting force for 0.5-2.5 s, and then a rapid forceful bite in response to a visual stimulus. After large bilateral lesions of the precentral face area, monkeys emitted repetitive forceful bites on the apparatus, but could not perform the force-holding task. They eventually relearned the task, but the force exerted was never as steady as it was prelesion, and often oscillated at about 2 and/or 5-6 Hz. After retraining, two animals with large bilateral lesions of the face area produced median RT responses equal to or only slightly longer than their prelesion performance, indicating that neural pathways not involving the precentral cortex can mediate quick visual RT responses. The variability of RTs was permanently increased, probably as a result of the persistent unsteadiness of the force-holding response. Incomplete bilateral lesions of the precentral face area, a complete unilateral lesion of that area, and bilateral lesions adjacent regions of cortex produced either mild, transient difficulties with the biting taks, or no problems at all. The results indicate that the precentral cortex has a role in the control of voluntary jaw movements. Lesions caused difficulty in controlling, but not producing, closing jaw movements, thereby suggesting that this role is predominantly to inhibit jaw-closing motoneurons or the systems that excite them. Electrical stimulation studies of the face area of the precentral cortex of the unanesthetized monkey point to the same conclusion. 相似文献
55.
M N Neuss O E Akwari D F Stevenson B J Goodwin 《Journal of the National Medical Association》1987,79(6):669-671
Painful palmar and plantar erythema is an uncommon systemic complication of chemotherapy and has been reported in association with methotrexate, cystosine arabinoside, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil. The authors report a case in which the syndrome was precipitated by hepatic artery infusion of 5-FUdR. The previous recommendation that treatment of patients developing painful palmar-plantar erythema from other drugs may be successfully resumed using intrahepatic arterial infusion of FUdR must be reconsidered in light of the present report. 相似文献
56.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The results of small studies have suggested that a nasal-cannula pressure transducer has a higher sensitivity than a thermistor in detecting hypopneas and diagnosing sleep-disordered breathing in both adults and children. We compared a thermistor alone, and in conjunction with a pressure transducer, for detection of sleep-disordered breathing in children during in-home polysomnography. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a subsample of a prospective cohort study. SETTING: Students attending elementary school in the Tucson Unified School District. PARTICIPANTS: A subsample of the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea study population. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Polysomnographic recordings of 40 children (24 girls and 16 boys, mean age 9.2 +/- 1.7 years; range 6-11 years) were analyzed to compare the detection of sleep-disordered breathing events by 2 different methods of measuring airflow: thermistor alone and thermistor with nasal-cannula pressure transducer (transducer) used simultaneously. The transducer detected all the respiratory events detected by the thermistor, but the thermistor detected only 84% of the transducer-defined events. Consequently, the transducer-derived mean respiratory disturbance index was higher than that detected by the thermistor (7.0 +/- 3.8 vs 5.9 +/- 3.4, P < .001). The bias error between transducer respiratory disturbance index and thermistor respiratory disturbance index on a Bland-Altman plot was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.8 - 1.4). There was good agreement between the thermistor and the transducer for making the diagnosis of sleep apnea using a cutoff of a respiratory disturbance index greater than 5 (kappa = 0.69). The quality of the tracings with the transducer was comparable to that of the thermistor, but the transducer dislodged more frequently. CONCLUSION: The use of a nasal transducer in conjunction with a thermistor was more sensitive than the thermistor alone in detecting sleep-disordered breathing in children during unattended polysomnography. 相似文献
57.
The previously described site-selected P-element mutagenesis of a Drosophila gene encoding the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase generates mutants that have defective behavior in the olfactory learning test. Here we describe the effect of the same mutations in a courtship conditioning assay. Wild-type males can distinguish between virgin females (which they court vigorously), and fertilized females (which they court less vigorously). After exposure to fertilized females, wild-type males modify their behavior by decreasing courtship to subsequent target virgins, an effect that may last for many hours. Like wild-type males, PKA-RI mutant males are also able to distinguish between virgin and fertilized females. PKA-RI males also modify their behavior towards virgin females after prior exposure to a fertilized female, but such an effect is short-lived, suggesting a defect in memory rather than learning. We also show that under these conditions the behavior of PKA-RI males is similar to that of amnesiac, dunce and rutabaga males. 相似文献
58.
59.
The effects of cortisol infusion upon hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary and subjective mood in depressive illness and in controls. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
G M Goodwin W J Muir J R Seckl J Bennie S Carroll H Dick G Fink 《Journal of affective disorders》1992,26(2):73-83
The aims of this study were to determine whether the administration of cortisol has a significant effect on mood in patients with depression and whether the effects of cortisol on changes in plasma hormone concentrations are like those of synthetic corticosteroids. Twelve patients had major depression and one each had dysthymic disorder and a depressive adjustment disorder. Five were male and nine were female. All were in-patients. Eight normal subjects, two females and six males, were used as controls. Basal beta-endorphin concentrations were 2- to 3-fold higher in depressed patients than in control subjects, but there were no significant differences between the patient and control groups in the basal (pre-infusion) plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, growth hormone or prolactin. Cortisol, but not saline infusion resulted in a significant improvement in self rated mood. Surprisingly, cortisol infusion at first increased plasma beta-endorphin concentrations. At later times after cortisol infusion, plasma beta-endorphin concentrations decreased as did the plasma concentrations of ACTH and growth hormone; prolactin levels were increased. These results show (i) that cortisol infusion raises mood significantly in major depression, (ii) that plasma beta-endorphin concentration is a potential marker of major depression (iii) that rather than blunting of corticosteroid effects, responses to cortisol may even be enhanced in depressive illness. The unexpected, initial increase in beta-endorphin stimulated by cortisol, suggests that the action of cortisol is not simply one of negative feedback inhibition, but may involve mineralocorticoid, as well as glucocorticoid receptors. 相似文献
60.
Debelenko LV; Brambilla E; Agarwal SK; Swalwell JI; Kester MB; Lubensky IA; Zhuang Z; Guru SC; Manickam P; Olufemi SE; Chandrasekharappa SC; Crabtree JS; Kim YS; Heppner C; Burns AL; Spiegel AM; Marx SJ; Liotta LA; Collins FS; Travis WD; Emmert-Buck MR 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(13):2285-2290
Lung carcinoids occur sporadically and rarely in association with multiple
endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). There are no well defined genetic
abnormalities known to occur in these tumors. We studied 11 sporadic lung
carcinoids for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the locus of the MEN1 gene
on chromosome 11q13, and for mutations of the MEN1 gene using dideoxy
fingerprinting. Additionally, a lung carcinoid from a MEN1 patient was
studied. In four of 11 (36%) sporadic tumors, both copies of the MEN1 gene
were inactivated. All four tumors showed the presence of a MEN1 gene
mutation and loss of the other allele. Observed mutations included a 1 bp
insertion, a 1 bp deletion, a 13 bp deletion and a single nucleotide
substitution affecting a donor splice site. Each mutation predicts
truncation or potentially complete loss of menin. The remaining seven
tumors showed neither the presence of a MEN1 gene mutation nor 11q13 LOH.
The tumor from the MEN1 patient showed LOH at chromosome 11q13 and a
complex germline MEN1 gene mutation. The data implicate the MEN1 gene in
the pathogenesis of sporadic lung carcinoids, representing the first
defined genetic alteration in these tumors.
相似文献