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51.
R. G. Stovel S. Ginsburg L. Stroud R. B. Cavalcanti L. A. Devine 《Medical teacher》2018,40(2):181-187
Introduction: In the growing field of medical education research, participant recruitment can be challenging. Incentives, either tangible or intangible, may be offered to encourage participation. This study aimed to understand these incentives and explore the relationship between study quality and incentives in medical education research.Methods: We reviewed research studies examining medical trainees published in five major journals in 2008. Tangible and intangible incentives used in recruitment were extracted by two researchers. For each quantitative article, medical education research quality instrument (MERSQI) score was calculated and citation counts for all articles were compiled.Results: Of 215 included articles, 8% explicitly reported incentives. Tangible incentives (value range $15–$60 USD) were offered in 7.9% of studies. Intangible incentives were identified in 30% of studies but only one specifically discussed their use. Tangible incentives correlated with a higher MERSQI score (p?0.001) and with citations (p?0.001).Conclusion: Most studies in medical education did not describe incentives for participation. Information regarding incentives should be reported in all studies to help inform future recruitment efforts and also to understand the study context including factors that may influence participants motivation. 相似文献
52.
James L. Januzzi Sunil Suchindran Udo Hoffmann Manesh R. Patel Maros Ferencik Adrian Coles Jean-Claude Tardif Geoffrey S. Ginsburg Pamela S. Douglas 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2019,73(3):251-260
Background
Evaluation of stable symptomatic outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) may be challenging because they have a wide range of cardiovascular risk. The role of troponin testing to assist clinical decision making in this setting is unexplored.Objectives
This study sought to evaluate the prognostic meaning of single-molecule counting high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) (normal range <6 ng/l) among outpatients with stable chest symptoms and suspected CAD.Methods
Participants with available blood samples in PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) were studied, and hsTnI results were analyzed relative to the primary outcome of death, acute myocardial infarction (MI), or hospitalization for unstable angina by 1 year. The secondary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death or acute MI.Results
The study sample consisted of 4,021 participants; 98.6% had measurable hsTnI concentrations. The median hsTnI value was 1.6 ng/l. In upper hsTnI quartiles, patients had higher-risk clinical profiles. Higher hsTnI concentrations were associated with greater event probabilities for death, acute MI, or hospitalization for unstable angina. In multivariable models, hsTnI concentrations independently predicted death, acute MI, or hospitalization for unstable angina (hazard ratio: 1.54 per increase in log-hsTnI interquartile range; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular death or acute MI (hazard ratio: 1.52 per increase in log-hsTnI interquartile range; p < 0.001) and were particularly associated with near-term events, compared with longer follow-up.Conclusions
In symptomatic outpatients with suspected CAD, higher concentrations of hsTnI within the normal range were associated with heightened near-term risk for death, acute MI, or hospitalization. (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain [PROMISE]; NCT01174550) 相似文献53.
54.
Farah Ahmad Syeda F. Kabir Nabila H. Purno Saima Islam Ophira Ginsburg 《Health care for women international》2017,38(4):334-343
In many low- and middle-income countries, breast cancer survival is low. Reasons for this are multifactorial, but delayed presentation for care is a common theme. In this survey study with 100 urban Bangladeshi women, we examined the role of socioeconomic and sociocultural factors on their likelihood to seek breast care from a family physician. In our multivariate model, a woman's age and education significantly predicted her likelihood to see a physician. Sociocultural aspects (e.g., concerns about time commitment of family members, personal household obligations) were significant at bivariate level. Findings are discussed in relation to practice, policy, and research. 相似文献
55.
Theory: Assessment of clinical competence is a complex cognitive task with many mental demands often imposed on raters unintentionally. We were interested in whether this burden might contribute to well-described limitations in assessment judgments. In this study we examine the effect on indicators of rating quality of asking raters to (a) consider multiple competencies and (b) attend to multiple issues. In addition, we explored the cognitive strategies raters engage when asked to consider multiple competencies simultaneously. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that indications of rating quality (e.g., interrater reliability) would decline as the number of dimensions raters are expected to consider increases. Method: Experienced faculty examiners rated prerecorded clinical performances within a 2 (number of dimensions) × 2 (presence of distracting task) × 3 (number of videos) factorial design. Half of the participants were asked to rate 7 dimensions of performance (7D), and half were asked to rate only 2 (2D). The second factor involved the requirement (or lack thereof) to rate the performance of actors participating in the simulation. We calculated the interrater reliability of the scores assigned and counted the number of relevant behaviors participants identified as informing their ratings. Second, we analyzed data from semistructured posttask interviews to explore the rater strategies associated with rating under conditions designed to broaden raters' focus. Results: Generalizability analyses revealed that the 2D group achieved higher interrater reliability relative to the 7D group (G = .56 and .42, respectively, when the average of 10 raters is calculated). The requirement to complete an additional rating task did not have an effect. Using the 2 dimensions common to both groups, an analysis of variance revealed that participants who were asked to rate only 2 dimensions identified more behaviors of relevance to the focal dimensions than those asked to rate 7 dimensions: procedural skill = 36.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [32.5, 40.0] versus 23.5%, 95% CI [20.8, 26.3], respectively; history gathering = 38.6%, 95% CI [33.5, 42.9] versus 24.0%, 95% CI [21.1, 26.9], respectively; ps < .05. During posttask interviews, raters identified many sources of cognitive load and idiosyncratic cognitive strategies used to reduce cognitive load during the rating task. Conclusions: As intrinsic rating demands increase, indicators of rating quality decline. The strategies that raters engage when asked to rate many dimensions simultaneously are varied and appear to yield idiosyncratic efforts to reduce cognitive effort, which may affect the degree to which raters make judgments based on comparable information. 相似文献
56.
E. Koren J. Lipkin A. Klar E. Hershkovitz I. Ginsburg R. Kohen 《Journal of inherited metabolic disease》2009,32(5):651-659
It has been suggested that the very low incidence of atherosclerosis in glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) subjects
might be attributed to elevated levels of uric acid, one of the potent low-molecular-weight antioxidants found in plasma.
The present communication describes a use of two analytical methods—cyclic voltammetry and ferric reducing ability of plasma—and
also two chemiluminescence methods to evaluate the total oxidant-scavenging capacities (TOSC) of plasma from GSD Ia patients.
Our results verified the elevation of TOSC in GSD Ia patients and we propose the inclusion of luminescence and cyclic voltammetry
assays as reliable methods for estimating TOSC in a variety of clinical disorders. Our findings with the cyclic voltammetry
method add support to the assumption that the elevated uric acid levels might be the main contributor to plasma antioxidant
capacity and possible protection against atherosclerosis. 相似文献
57.
58.
Coakley G; Mok CC; Hajeer AH; Ollier WE; Turner D; Sinnott PJ; Hutchinson IV; Panayi GS; Lanchbury JS 《Rheumatology (Oxford, England)》1998,37(9):988-991
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether promoter polymorphisms associated with
variation in interleukin-10 (IL-10) production are relevant to the
development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or Felty's syndrome (FS). METHODS:
DNA was obtained from 44 FS patients, 117 RA patients and 295 controls. The
promoter region between -533 and - 1120 was amplified by polymerase chain
reaction, and polymorphisms detected by restriction enzyme digest or
sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing. RESULTS: We found no significant
difference in allele or haplotype frequencies between the groups.
CONCLUSION: There is no association between FS or RA and these recently
identified IL-10 promoter polymorphisms. Other genetic or environmental
factors could explain the alterations in IL-10 levels seen in these
conditions.
相似文献
59.
Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosal blood flow and transmucosal potential difference in stress rats 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
EfectsofelectroacupunctureongastricmucosalbloodflowandtransmucosalpotentialdiferenceinstressratsXUGuanSun1,SUNYong1,WANGZhe... 相似文献
60.
Asaf Sol Ofir Ginesin Stella Chaushu Laila Karra Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer Isaac Ginsburg Gilad Bachrach 《Infection and immunity》2013,81(10):3577-3585
Host defense peptides are immediate responders of the innate immunity that express antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, and wound-healing activities. Neutrophils are a major source for oral host defense peptides, and phagocytosis by neutrophils is a major mechanism for bacterial clearance in the gingival tissue. Dysfunction of or reduction in the numbers of neutrophils or deficiency in the LL-37 host defense peptide was each previously linked with proliferation of oral Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans which resulted in an aggressive periodontal disease. Surprisingly, A. actinomycetemcomitans shows resistance to high concentrations of LL-37. In this study, we demonstrated that submicrocidal concentrations of LL-37 inhibit biofilm formation by A. actinomycetemcomitans and act as opsonins and agglutinins that greatly enhance its clearance by neutrophils and macrophages. Improved uptake of A. actinomycetemcomitans by neutrophils was mediated by their opsonization with LL-37. Enhanced phagocytosis and killing of A. actinomycetemcomitans by murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells were dependent on their preagglutination by LL-37. Although A. actinomycetemcomitans is resistant to the bactericidal effect of LL-37, our results offer a rationale for the epidemiological association between LL-37 deficiency and the expansion of oral A. actinomycetemcomitans and indicate a possible therapeutic use of cationic peptides for host defense. 相似文献