HIV感染者健康教育满意状况及影响因素调查

目的 了解上海市某艾滋病定点收治医院HIV感染者对护理健康教育的满意度,为开展针对性健康教育提供参考.方法 采用自行设计的问卷对209例HIV感染者进行健康教育满意度的调查.结果 209例HIV感染者中,健康教育满意率不足50%;不同诊疗方式、文化程度及身体状况患者健康教育满意度比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.结论 HIV感染者对医院提供的健康教育满意度不高.艾滋病专科护士应根据患者不同特质有针对性地开展内容丰富、形式多样的健康教育.     

Value of Scintigraphy for Assessing Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreatic Surgery

Background

Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) occurs frequently after pancreatic surgery. Recently a consensus definition of DGE was introduced, and this grading system is currently widely used. The aim of this study was to compare results of gastric emptying scintigraphy with the grade of DGE after pancreatic surgery.

Methods

In 44 patients undergoing exploration for a pancreatic head or periampullary tumor, 28 pancreatoduodenectomies (PDs) and 16 double-bypass procedures were performed. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative gastric emptying scintigraphy. We investigated whether the incidence of DGE was correlated with the results of gastric emptying scintigraphy.

Results

DGE occurred in 19 (43 %) patients. Clinically relevant DGE (grades B and C) prevailed in the PD group. Median postoperative residual activity at t = 2 h (%RA120) in these groups was 36 % (no DGE), 75 % (grade A), 93 % (grade B), and 95 % (grade C). DGE grade B or C was found in 7 of 10 patients with %RA120 of ≥94 % on postoperative day (POD) 7.

Conclusions

Postoperative %RA120 on scintigraphy is positively associated with severity of DGE. Gastric emptying scintigraphy on POD 7 can predict the severity of DGE. When postoperative gastric emptying scintigraphy shows high residual radioactivity, the likelihood of further progression to grade B or C DGE is high and warrants investigation for underlying causes.     

Argyrophilic grain disease differs from other tauopathies by lacking tau acetylation

Post-translational modifications play a key role in tau protein aggregation and related neurodegeneration. Because hyperphosphorylation alone does not necessarily cause tau aggregation, other post-translational modifications have been recently explored. Tau acetylation promotes aggregation and inhibits tau’s ability to stabilize microtubules. Recent studies have shown co-localization of acetylated and phosphorylated tau in AD and some 4R tauopathies. We developed a novel monoclonal antibody against acetylated tau at lysine residue 274, which recognizes both 3R and 4R tau, and used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to probe 22 cases, including AD and another eight familial or sporadic tauopathies. Acetylated tau was identified in all tauopathies except argyrophilic grain disease (AGD). AGD is an age-associated, common but atypical 4R tauopathy, not always associated with clinical progression. Pathologically, AGD is characterized by neuropil grains, pre-neurofibrillary tangles, and oligodendroglial coiled bodies, all recognized by phospho-tau antibodies. The lack of acetylated tau in these inclusions suggests that AGD represents a distinctive tauopathy. Our data converge with previous findings to raise the hypothesis that AGD could play a protective role against the spread of AD-related tau pathology. Tau acetylation as a key modification for the propagation tau toxicity deserves further investigation.     

Parental Feeding Practices and Child-Related Factors are Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Atypical eating behaviors displayed by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) predispose them to unhealthy weight gain. We determined the...     

通腑解毒汤联合血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎患者炎症介质及疗效的影响

目的  探讨通腑解毒汤联合连续性静-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）对急性重症胰腺炎（SAP）患者肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）的影响及临床疗效。方法  选择发病72 h的SAP患者40例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组20例。对照组予以西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用中药通腑解毒汤联合CVVH治疗。比较两组治疗前及治疗72 h后IL-6和TNF-α的浓度;观察两组治疗前后生命体征、血气、生化指标、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分、Ranson评分等指标,判断患者整体病情。结果  治疗72 h后,治疗组IL-6、TNF-α浓度较对照组降低（P <0.01）,治疗组较对照组患者发热、呼吸窘迫等症状有不同程度的缓解,血清淀粉酶（AMY）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBIL）、血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）下降（P <0.05）,平均动血压（MAP）逐渐上升,氧分压（PaO2）和氧合指数提高,肠麻痹时间、多器官功能障碍综合征发生率下降,平均住院日缩短（P <0.05）。治疗7 d后,治疗组较对照组APACHE Ⅱ评分、Ranson评分降低（P <0.01）,住院费用比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论  通腑解毒汤联合CVVH治疗SAP能清除部分促炎因子,减轻炎症反应,提高临床疗效,可作为SAP重要的辅助治疗措施之一。

     

白细胞介素-33在不同严重程度脓毒症中的变化

目的  分析血浆白细胞介素-33（IL-33）在不同严重程度脓毒症中的变化。方法  选取2012年1月- 2015年4月该院重症加强治疗病房（ICU）收治的120例脓毒症患者为研究对象。根据器官功能、感染严重程度将患者分为一般脓毒症组（36例）、严重脓毒症组（36例）和感染性休克组（48例）,并选取同期在该院行健康检查的120例志愿者作为对照组。比较患者ICU各时间的APACHE Ⅱ评分、降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-33（IL-33）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和可溶性人基质裂解素2（sST2）的变化;比较患者ICU住院时间和机械通气时间;比较不同预后脓毒症患者ICU各时间的IL-33水平变化。结果  脓毒症患者的APACHE Ⅱ评分、PCT和IL-33水平高于对照组,且脓毒症患者的APACHE Ⅱ评分、PCT和IL-33水平随患者病情加重而升高,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。脓毒症患者的ICU住院和机械通气时间随患者病情加重而延长,且感染性休克组的死亡率显著高于其余两组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。脓毒症患者的APACHE Ⅱ评分,PCT、IL-33、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、sST2水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。脓毒症患者的APACHE Ⅱ评分,PCT、IL-33、IL-6水平随ICU住院时间延长而降低,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。脓毒症患者的IL-1β、TNF-α、sST2水平随ICU住院时间延长,变化不明显（P >0.05）。入ICU 30 d后有9例患者死亡为死亡组,111例患者存活为存活组。死亡组患者的IL-33水平随ICU住院时间延长而上升,但差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。存活组患者的IL-33水平随ICU住院时间延长而下降,死亡组患者入ICU 3 h内IL-33水平较存活组低,入ICU 24 h和5 d时IL-33水平高于存活组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论  脓毒症患者入ICU时血浆IL-33水平升高,而后随ICU住院时间延长而降低,且随患者病情加重而升高,因此血浆IL-33水平能提示患者的预后。