腹横肌平面阻滞联合右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼静脉镇痛对肝部分切除术后早期康复的影响

目的评估腹横肌平面阻滞(transversus abdominis plane block,TAPB)联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定用于肝部分切除患者术后镇痛的效果和安全性,探讨其对患者术后早期康复的影响。方法选择择期行肝部分切除术患者60例,男31例,女29例,年龄20～65岁,BMI 18～25kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组,术后自愿行静脉自控镇痛,A组舒芬太尼2μg/kg;B组右美托咪定1μg/kg+舒芬太尼2μg/kg。两组均行超声引导下TAPB,给予0.375%罗哌卡因20ml。记录术后48h内VAS疼痛评分和Ramsay镇静评分,术后肠道恢复通气时间、术后进食时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生情况等。结果与A组比较,B组术后12、24h静息VAS评分及术后12、48h运动VAS评分明显降低(P0.05);B组术后首次排气时间、术后进食时间、术后住院时间明显缩短(P0.05)。两组术后Ramsay镇静评分及恶心、呕吐、低血压、心动过缓、呼吸抑制、肺部感染等发生率差异无统计学意义。结论对于行肝部分切除手术的患者,TAPB联合右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼用于术后镇痛可加速患者术后早期康复。     

YD383、YD439对JAK-STAT6信号传导通路作用的特异性研究

目的:探讨化合物YD383和YD439对STAT6信号传导通路的作用是否具有特异性.方法:通过瞬时转染的方法将分别依赖于STAT1和STAT6活性的带有荧光素酶报告基因的质粒转染至HeLa细胞株,两种细胞株在各自相应的细胞因子(IFN-γ或IL-4)刺激下激活JAK-STAT1或JAK-STAT6信号传导通路.通过测定荧光素酶的活性来评价细胞株在化合物存在的情况下报告基因的表达.结果:YD383和YD439均能降低相应细胞因子刺激引起的报告基因的表达,并且具有剂量依赖性.随着化合物剂量的增加,报告基因的表达降低(P＜0.05).但化合物引起的两种转染细胞报告基因表达降低的差异比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:两种化合物对JAK-STAT1和JAK-STAT6信号传导通路均有抑制作用,对JAK-STAT6通路的抑制不具有特异性.     

胃癌细胞增殖与腹腔灌洗液中端粒酶活性及腹膜转移的相关性研究

目的 研究胃癌增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen，PCNA）表达与腹腔灌洗液端粒酶活性及腹膜转移的相关性，并比较腹腔灌洗液中端粒酶活性和细胞学检测游离癌细胞预测腹膜转移的应用价值。方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测60例胃癌患者胃癌组织中PCNA表达，PCR—TRAP-ELISA法检测腹腔灌洗液中端粒酶活性，同时行腹腔灌洗液脱落细胞学（peritoneal lavage cytology．PLC）检测；并分析其与相关临床病理因素的关系。结果 胃癌患者腹腔灌洗液中端粒酶活性的阳性率为41．7％；与浆膜侵犯、组织学类型、浸润深度、浆膜受累面积及腹膜转移密切相关，并随着浸润深度及浆膜受累面积的增加而升高（P〈0．05）。PLC检测阳性率为25．0％；在伴肉眼可见腹膜转移灶（P1-3）者明显增高，也随着浸润深度及浆膜受累面积的增加而升高。两种方法检测的阳性率总体上差异无统计学意义。但在未分化型癌、pT1、伴肉眼可见腹膜转移灶（P1-3）者端粒酶活性阳性率明显高于PLC。PCNA增殖指数（PI）在腹腔灌洗液端粒酶活性表达阳性者明显高于表达阴性者，伴肉眼可见腹膜转移灶（P1-3）者明显高于无肉眼可见腹膜转移灶（P0）者，浆膜受侵者明显高于浆膜未受侵者（P均〈0．05）。结论 两种方法均适用于胃癌腹腔脱落癌细胞的诊断或腹膜转移的预测，端粒酶活性检测微量癌细胞的灵敏度优于PLC法检测；胃癌端粒酶活性与恶性增殖活性密切相关；胃癌高增殖活性是浆膜受侵及腹膜转移的重要原因。     

经皮肤活体组织检查确诊的Lafora病五例

目的 探讨Lafora病的临床、病理特点及诊断方法.方法 总结分析5例经腋窝皮肤活体组织检查确诊的Lafora病患者的临床和组织病理学特点.5例患者都进行了腋窝皮肤活体组织检查,常规行HE、糖原(PAS)和阿辛蓝-糖原(AB-PAS)染色.结果 5例患者中4例青少年发病,1例成年起病.所有患者均表现为进行性加重的强直阵挛发作、肌阵挛和智能损害,可早期出现性格改变,构音障碍和行走不稳.腋窝皮肤活体组织检查发现Lafora包涵体存在于大、小汗腺的肌上皮细胞和导管细胞内.结论 经皮肤活体组织检查发现PAS阳性圆形或卵圆形包涵体,结合Lafora病典型的临床表现可以确诊该病;皮肤活体组织检查的部位可选择腋窝或腋窝以外的部位.     

原发性肉碱缺乏致脂质沉积性肌病的临床与病理特点

目的 分析原发性肉碱缺乏致脂质沉积性肌病（LSM）的临床与病理特点。方法 回顾性分析4例可能LSM患者的临床资料。结果 本组患者为亚急性或慢性起病，主要表现为近端肌无力，疲劳不能耐受；血清肌酶有不同程度的升高；肌电图示肌源性损害；病理检查示肌纤维内可见大量细小空泡和裂隙形成；MGT染色无破碎红纤维，油红O染色显示空泡为大量脂滴充填；受累纤维以Ⅰ型纤维为主。电镜证实肌纤维内脂滴堆积，可伴有线粒体的轻度增多。改善能量和糖皮质激素治疗有效。结论原发性肉碱缺乏致LSM是一种以易疲劳和肌无力为主要临床表现的脂质代谢障碍性肌病，病理改变以肌纤维内脂滴堆积为主，一般不伴有线粒体结构的明显异常。糖皮质激素治疗可获得良好疗效。     

以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征一家系分析

目的研究1个以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征(MERRF)家系的临床特点、遗传学特征。方法整理一个以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征家系的临床表现、辅助检查及影像学资料,分析其临床特点和遗传特征。结果该家系呈母系遗传,共4人(包括先证者3个同辈,1个子代)出现肌阵挛表现,先证者以光敏性癫痫为主要表现,其肌肉活检可见典型的破碎红纤维(RRF),先证者的线粒体DNA提示8344位点由A突变为G。结论 MERRF家系少见,可以光敏性肌阵挛癫痫为主要表现。     

Ageing appearance in China: biophysical profile of facial skin and its relationship to perceived age

Background Perceived age is important to women and is a primary driver for topical product use and facial cosmetic surgery. Changes in facial features and biophysical skin parameters with chronological age and their associations with perceived age have not been described in Asian populations. Objective To investigate the relationship between biophysical properties of the skin, visual features of skin ageing and perceived facial age in Chinese women. Methods Facial photographs were collected of 250 Chinese women, aged 25–70 years in Shanghai, China. The perceived facial age was determined and related to the chronological age for each participant and to a range of visual assessments of skin appearance and objective biophysical measurements of the skin. The profile of changes in these parameters with age was investigated together with the differences in those parameters for women judged to look younger than their chronological age and those judged to look older than their chronological age. Results Large discrepancies in perceived age (up to 29 years) were found in women of the same chronological age. Each objective skin measure and visual assessment parameter had a stronger correlation with perceived age than with chronological age. The strongest relationships to perceived age were for wrinkles and hyperpigmentation. Skin colour, hydration and trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) had weaker associations with perceived age. Women judged to look older than their chronological age had significantly higher scores than those judged to look younger for coarse wrinkles and hyperpigmentation across all age groups. The appearance differences between these groups were evident in composite facial images of the same average chronological age. Conclusions We have identified the skin attributes which differ with perceived age in Chinese women. Perceived age is a better measure of the biological age of facial skin than is chronological age in this population.