Does Microwave Ablation of the Tumor Edge Allow for Joint-sparing Surgery in Patients With Osteosarcoma of the Proximal Tibia?

Background

Joint-sparing surgery of a patient’s native joint for osteosarcoma likely affords better function and comparable survival. However, it sometimes is challenging to resect a juxtaarticular osteosarcoma in a way that preserves the affected epiphysis because wide margins are necessary to minimize the risk of local recurrence. If there was a method to resect a tumor close to the joint and treat a potentially positive margin to prevent recurrence, it might allow salvage of a joint that otherwise might be lost.

Questions/purposes

We therefore asked (1) whether joint-preserving tumor resection could be performed for juxtaarticular osteosarcoma after microwave ablation of the tumor edge under navigation without leading to local recurrences, (2) what is the resulting function, and (3) what are the complications associated with this procedure.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2011, we treated 11 patients who had juxtaarticular osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia (mean age, 12 years; range, 9–16 years) with joint-preserving surgery by transepiphysis tumor resection after navigation-assisted microwave ablation of the tumor edge; they were followed a minimum of 37 months (mean, 48 months; range 37–62 months), and none was lost to followup. Patients were considered eligible for this procedure if they had a distance from the tumor edge to the articular surface between 10 to 15 mm, good chemotherapy responses, no pathologic fracture and no tumor involvement of major neurovascular structures. Allograft in combination with a vascularized fibula flap was used for segmental reconstruction. We recorded local tumor control, complications, and functional outcomes using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, which ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better function.

Results

There were no local recurrences. Major complications included osteonecrosis of part of the epiphysis in two patients and deep infection in one. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score ranged from 26 to 30 with a mean of 29.

Conclusions

In selected patients with osteosarcoma invading the epiphysis, navigated resection facilitates performing joint-sparing surgery, and in our small series, the adjuvant microwave ablation seemed to provide adequate local tumor control. Although more experience and longer followup are needed, this approach may make it possible to salvage more native joints when performing limb salvage for osteosarcoma.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, therapeutic study.     

Hypermetabolism associated with worse prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Journal of Neurology - Exploration of hypermetabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with different ethnicities is needed to understand its metabolic implications for clinical management....     

缺氧条件下中介素和系膜细胞对内皮细胞血管生成的影响

目的探讨缺氧条件下,中介素(IMD)和肾小球系膜细胞(HMC)对内皮细胞的影响。方法内皮细胞分为4组:(1)内皮细胞与系膜细胞共培养,加IMD处理作为HEMI组;(2)内皮细胞与系膜细胞共培养,无处理作为HEM组;(3)内皮细胞加IMD处理作为HEI组;(4)内皮细胞无处理作为HE组;将各组细胞在1%O2、94%N2、5%CO2条件下缺氧培养12 h后,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)、免疫细胞化学技术检测相关蛋白表达,实时定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测相关基因mRNA相对表达量,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)含量,体外血管形成实验检测内皮细胞的成管分支数。实验结果两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果上皮型钙黏分子(VE-cadherin)表达量HEMI(1.629±0.197、1.557±0.066、10.552±0.523)高于HEM(1.116±0.118、1.340±0.161、8.128±0.542)、HEI(1.278±0.096、1.078±0.088、7.523±1.211)、HE组(1.000±0.000,F=0.734、1.244、6.134,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;血小板内皮细胞黏附分子(PECAM-1/CD31)表达量HEMI(1.309±0.234、1.203±0.105、1.654±0.462)高于HEM(1.067±0.379、1.038±0.035、1.601±0.397)、HEI(1.225±0.091、1.101±0.038、1.605±0.207)、HE组(1.000±0.000),差异无统计学意义(F=5.083、5.434、6.428,P>0.05);VEGF表达量HEMI(0.904±0.005、1.922±0.457)高于HEM组(0.690±0.071、1.000±0.000,F=8.307、10.896,P<0.01),ELISA中加入IMD组(1.018±0.319)VEGFA浓度比值高于对照组(0.921±0.294,F=0.132,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;体外血管形成中HEMI(22.289±0.131)、HEM(21.318±0.594)、HEI(21.533±0.867)、HE(20.755±1.798)高于NE组(18.731±0.525,F=5.926、0.030、1.033,P<0.05;F=6.753,P>0.05)。结论缺氧条件下,IMD可以直接或通过系膜细胞间接双重影响内皮细胞,促进血管形成。     

输尿管软镜碎石术治疗上尿路结石的疗效和安全性

目的探讨输尿管软镜碎石术(retrograde intrarenal stone surgery,RIRS)治疗上尿路结石的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年4月至2019年1月武汉大学人民医院行RIRS的640例上尿路结石患者的临床资料。男424例,女216例。年龄(46.2±12.8)岁。结石最大径(1.4±0.7)cm。肾下盏结石126例,非肾下盏结石514例。单侧输尿管上段结石196例,单侧输尿管上段结石合并肾结石118例,单侧肾结石236例,双肾结石90例。104例术前留置双J管。马蹄肾8例,孤立肾合并肾功能不全30例,盆腔异位肾合并旋转不良4例,先天性输尿管畸形6例,海绵肾2例。术前血红蛋白(133.2±5.6)g/L,血清肌酐(84.4±12.2)μmol/L。手术均采用全麻,患者取截石位。采用输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石,软镜顺利进入肾盂后首先观察肾盂及各肾盏并寻及结石。使用200μm光纤碎石,钬激光功率为12~45 W(0.5~1.5 J/10~30 Hz),根据实际情况辅助取石网篮套取结石。术中检查各肾盂、肾盏,确保结石已完全粉末化(结石最大径<0.3 cm),留置双J管和尿管。手术均由同等资历的术者完成。结果所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间(45.6±14.6)min。术后第1天复查血清肌酐(76.0±10.6)μmol/L,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=64.76,P<0.05);血红蛋白(126.4±9.6)g/L,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.02,P=0.064)。术后住院时间(4.8±1.5)d。术后3例(0.9%)发生严重并发症,分别为2例脓毒血症,1例包膜下血肿。术后3个月596例获得随访,其中552例达到结石清除标准,结石清除率(stone-free rate,SFR)为92.6%;余44例未达到结石清除标准者采用体外冲击波碎石、再次输尿管软镜手术或拔除双J管后观察。结石大小(χ^2=29.569,P<0.05)和位置(χ^2=44.949,P<0.05)是SFR的影响因素。多因素回归分析结果显示结石大小不是影响SFR的独立危险因素(P=0.639),结石位置是影响SFR的独立危险因素(P=0.013)。结论RIRS对于上尿路中小结石患者是一种可靠的治疗方式,疗效确切,并发症少,安全性高。但对于大结石及肾下盏结石的治疗还存在一定的局限性。肾下盏结石是影响RIRS疗效的独立危险因素。     

全程管理在神经源性膀胱患者骶神经调节治疗的疗效评价

目的评价基于多学科团队协作的骶神经调节治疗神经源性膀胱患者全程管理方案的实践效果。 方法收集2018年1月至2019年12月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院收治的36例神经源性膀胱行骶神经调节治疗患者的病例资料。将36例患者按入院时间分为对照组15例（2018年1~ 12月）和干预组21例（2019年1~12月）。对照组给予常规管理,干预组实施全程护理模式。比较两组骶神经调节二期手术转化率,两组患者一期术后3个月时膀胱功能管理效果、尿路感染发生率、患者满意度和生活质量的差异。 结果两组患者在骶神经调节二期手术转化率、平衡膀胱达标率、膀胱容量、患者满意度和生活质量的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,干预组均高于对照组。 结论多学科团队协作的全程管理实现了骶神经调节治疗神经源性膀胱患者连续的全程化、个性化管理,协调多学科团队协作,改善了患者的临床疗效,提高了患者满意度,是一种有效的患者管理照护模式。     

低气腹压在老年患者腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术中的应用

目的探讨6mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）气腹压在腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术（TEP）中的应用。 方法第一阶段将60例心肺功能良好、年龄<75岁的非高龄单侧腹股沟斜疝患者随机分为A、B组,每组30例。A组气腹压力设定为14 mmHg,B组气腹压力设定6 mmHg,比较2组手术医师的手术视野满意度、手术时间、气腹时间、手术麻醉期不同时间点的气道压及呼气末二氧化碳分压（P_ETCO₂）、出院时间、手术并发症发生率。 结果3组患者住院时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在手术时间和气腹时间方面,与A组相比,B组和C组均略长,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,B组和C组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组手术视野满意度（4.30±0.65）分优于B组（4.28±0.63）分、C组（4.42±0.64）分,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;B组与C组手术视野满意度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3组患者T1、T2及T3的Paw及P_ETCO₂与同组T0比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。B组和C组T1、T2及T3的Paw及P_ETCO₂与A组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其余指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论6 mmHg低气腹压TEP手术用于部分高龄以及心肺功能较差的患者,可以确切降低术中气道压及P_ETCO₂,增加手术安全性及耐受性,虽轻度影响手术的操作视野及空间,但并不影响手术的顺利完成,术后并发症的发生率及出院时间未受明显影响。