2006年湖北省血吸虫病疫情监测结果分析

目的分析湖北省2006年国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点监测结果,为制定血吸虫病防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》,在湖北16个国家级监测点开展监测工作,统计与分析各项指标。结果16个监测点居民感染率为1.91%,耕牛感染率为12.06%,活螺平均密度为0.67只/0.11m2,感染螺平均密度为0.0011只/0.11m2,钉螺感染率为0.17%。结论2006年监测点的人群感染率和螺情指标均比上年有所下降,但耕牛感染状况依然严重,是湖北省血防工作的重点和难点。     

养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平治疗颈性眩晕的临床研究

目的 研究养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平片治疗颈性眩晕的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年2月-2020年2月天津市第一中心医院收治的100例颈性眩晕患者,将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者口服尼莫地平片,1片/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服养血清脑颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者持续治疗10 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较两组的临床症状缓解时间、椎动脉型颈椎病功能评定量表（FS-CSA）评分、椎动脉血流速度和血清内皮素（ET）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为78.00%、96.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,治疗组患者眩晕、前庭功能受损、耳蜗症状、自主神经症状消失时间显著短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组FS-CSA评分显著降低,椎动脉血流速度显著升高（P<0.05）;并且治疗组FS-CSA评分和椎动脉血流速度改善较明显（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清ET水平显著降低,CGRP水平显著升高（P<0.05）;并且治疗组血清ET和CGRP水平改善较明显（P<0.05）。结论 养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平片用于治疗颈性眩晕能够缩短临床症状缓解时间,升高椎动脉血流速度,改善患者临床症状和血清ET、CGRP水平。     

舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼分别复合丙泊酚对小儿麻醉诱导期血压和脑电双频指数的影响比较

目的:探讨舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚两种麻醉方案的优劣。方法:以2016年3月至2017年3月在我院进行择期全麻手术的患儿150例作为研究对象,根据进行全麻手术的时间先后编号,采用随机数表法分为舒芬太尼组和瑞芬太尼组各75例。舒芬太尼组患儿采用舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚进行全麻,瑞芬太尼组患儿采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚进行全麻。观察并比较两组患儿在麻醉诱导期[诱导前(T1)、静脉注射舒(瑞)芬太尼后(T2)、静脉注射丙泊酚后(T3)、插管即刻(T4)、插管后2 min(T5)、5 min(T6)]的收缩压(SAP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)和脑电双频指数(BIS)。结果:舒芬太尼组患儿在T4时的DBP、MAP均优于瑞芬太尼组(P均<0.05);两组患儿在各时间点的BIS比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。舒芬太尼组患儿自主呼吸恢复、肢体动作恢复和拔管时间均短于瑞芬太尼组(P<0.05);呼吸抑制、苏醒期躁动、恶心呕吐和意识障碍发生情况均少于瑞芬太尼组(P<0.05)。结论:与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚相比,舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚能够显著改善患儿的术后疼痛,同时呼吸抑制等副作用较小,在需要进行全麻手术的患儿中应用具有明显优势。     

Comparison of seven different reagents of peroxidase method for small and dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL‐C) measurement

BackgroundWe validated the performance of seven different reagents of peroxidase method for sdLDL‐C in two automatic analyzers that are common in Chinese laboratories.MethodsSeven commercially available sdLDL‐C assays were analyzed with the Beckman AU5400 and Mindray BS2000 automatic analyzers. A total of 336 blood samples were collected and the reference interval was also validated in 298 apparently healthy individuals. Serum samples were used for method comparison of precision, recovery, lower limit of detection, comparison and concurrence analysis, as well as reference interval for the Mindray reagent.ResultsThe repeatability CV% of the seven sdLDL‐C assays were 0.81%~3.66% for Mindray BS2000 and 0.76%~3.91% for Beckman AU5400, while Total CVs for Mindray BS2000 sdLDL‐C assay were 1.34%~4.81%, and that of Beckman AU5400 were 2.25%~10.33%. The measured recovery rates of sdLDL‐C assays were within the allowable ±10% deviation range. There was no obvious difference between the reagents in the lower limit detection. There was a difference between the validation results of the reference range and the manufacturer''s.BSBE, Mindray, and Dongou had a high degree of association with DENKA SEIKEN on Mindray BS2000, while BSBE, Mindray, Dongou and Merit Choice had a high degree of association with DENKA SEIKEN on Beckman AU5400. Passing–Bablok regression showed excellent linear correlation between BSBE and Mindray and DENKA SEIKEN and on Beckman AU5400.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the basic performance can meet the testing requirements, but the comparability between them is still insufficient.     

A large congenital atrial septal defect in an adult with delayed therapy

Patients with a large congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) traditionally have the ASD repaired at the preschool age. Unfortunately, insufficient education of patients regarding medical science and clinical recommendations can lead to delayed therapy, resulting in complications during adulthood. We report a rare case of a large congenital ASD in a 20-year-old man. Echocardiography showed a 67-mm ostium secundum defect and moderate mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. The patient underwent transthoracic ASD repair along with mitral and tricuspid valvuloplasty. This report emphasizes the importance of educating patients about congenital malformations and potential interventions in developing countries, particularly in rural communities.     

Therapeutic Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

We explored the therapeutic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on a rat model of ovarian damage induced by cyclophosphamide. A total of 44 female rats with premature ovarian insufficiency induced by cyclophosphamide were randomly divided into two groups (an ultrasound group and a control group); 22 normal rats without premature ovarian insufficiency were also included as a third group. The ultrasound group was treated with LIPUS, while the other two groups received the same treatment but without any power output. We monitored the estrous cycles of all rats. Seven days after treatment, 21 rats were selected to mate with male rats. We then recorded the pregnancy rate along with the number and weight of newborn rats per nest. We collected samples of blood, uterus and ovaries from the remaining 45 rats before they were sacrificed. Compared with the normal group, the control group exhibited disordered estrous cycles, more atretic follicles (p < 0.01), higher levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (p < 0.01), fewer other follicles (p < 0.01) and lower serum levels of E₂ and anti-Müllerian hormone (p < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the ultrasound group had normal estrous cycles with fewer atretic follicles (p < 0.01), lower levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (p < 0.01), more other follicles (p < 0.01) and higher levels of serum E₂ (p < 0.01). No significant difference in the levels of serum anti-Müllerian hormone was noted between the control group and the ultrasound group. No significant differences were observed between the three groups with respect to pregnancy rate or the number and weight of newborns per nest (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our data indicate that LIPUS could improve some ovarian functions of rats with premature ovarian insufficiency.     

Alleles of keratin 1 in families and populations

Keratin 1 is found in the upper layers of the epidermis, on the surface of endothelial cells and in the membrane of the neuroblastoma NMB7. It is important for the structural integrity of the skin, has been found to regulate the activity of kinases, such as protein kinase C (PKC) and SRC, to participate in complement activation by the lectin pathway and to be involved in fibrinolysis, angiogenesis and the response to oxidative stress. Studies of the polymorphisms of the Keratin 1 (KRT1) gene have been driven mostly by interest in its role in skin diseases. However, much of the KRT1 variation occurs in normal populations and is not associated with dermal pathology. In the present experiments, we have investigated the polymorphism of KRT1 genes by nucleotide sequencing in normal families and normal populations of European, African, Hispanic and Asian background. The frequencies of the KRT1 alleles were strikingly different in the four ethnic groups and most of the mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions, with only 3 out of 19 being synonymous. Analysis of selective neutrality by the Ewens–Watterson and Tajima D statistics showed that KRT1 allele homozygosity was decreased in three of the populations suggesting that KRT1 genes may be under the influence of balancing selection. It is possible that the role of KRT1 as a receptor, rather than its structural function in the epidermis, is what drives the selective forces that are apparent in the inheritance of this gene.     

Metabolic control of the Treg/Th17 axis

The interplay of the immune system with other aspects of physiology is continually being revealed and in some cases studied in considerable mechanistic detail. A prime example is the influence of metabolic cues on immune responses. It is well appreciated that upon activation, T cells take on a metabolic profile profoundly distinct from that of their quiescent and anergic counterparts; however, a number of recent breakthroughs have greatly expanded our knowledge of how aspects of cellular metabolism can shape a T-cell response. Particularly important are findings that certain environmental cues can tilt the delicate balance between inflammation and immune tolerance by skewing T-cell fate decisions toward either the T-helper 17 (Th17) or T-regulatory (Treg) cell lineage. Recognizing the unappreciated immune-modifying potential of metabolic factors and particularly those involved in the generation of these functionally opposing T-cell subsets will likely add new and potent therapies to our repertoire for treating immune mediated pathologies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent findings linking certain metabolic pathways, enzymes, and by-products to shifts in the balance between Th17 and Treg cell populations. These advances highlight numerous opportunities for immune modulation.     

Third‐party Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Reduce Allo‐reactivity In vitro and Ameliorate the Severity of Acute graft‐Versus‐host Disease in Allo‐bone Marrow Transplantation

Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) potently induce and maintain tolerance based on their distinct characteristics compared with conventional DCs. Recent reports show that donor or host tDCs promote allograft survival in mice. In this study, the efficacy of third‐party tDCs in the prevention of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) was evaluated. In vitro, tDCs derived from the bone marrow (BM) of D1 mice were induced by GM‐CSF, IL‐10 and TGF‐β1. The phenotypes, expression of cytokines and suppression of tDCs were analysed. In vivo, the effects of adoptive transfer of third‐party‐tDCs were evaluated in an MHC‐mismatched aGVHD mouse model. Survival, body weight, GVHD scoring, histopathological specimens and serum cytokines were analysed in tDC‐treated mice and untreated controls. Tolerogenic DCs had low expression of MHC and co‐stimulatory molecules, expressed high levels of ‘immunosuppressive’ cytokines and suppressed allo‐CD4⁺T cell proliferation. In the B6→D2 mouse model, all aGVHD mice died within 18 days. Fortunately, third‐party tDCs transferred at low doses (10⁴) effectively prolonged survival after allo‐BMT. Furthermore, in the mice treated with 10⁴ tDCs, serum levels of IL‐10/TGF‐β were significantly higher and the percentage of Foxp3⁺ cells continually increased compared with the mice treated with other doses of tDCs. Third‐party tDCs play a crucial role in reducing the severity of aGVHD by modulating the secretion of various cytokines and expanding Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells, which suggests the possibility of using third‐party tDCs for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, special attention should be paid to the optimal range of tDCs for preventing allograft rejection.