中药学专业创新创业培养实践

开展中药学大学生创新创业训练,助力学生全面发展成才。以中药学专业本科生创新创业培养探索与实施过程为实例,探索创新型中药学专业人才教育培养体系及实施策略。以满足社会对中药、保健食品等健康产品的需求为目标,整合教师实验室资源,建立学生创新创业实践教学平台,完善我校中药学专业创新创业教育体系,提高人才培养质量和学生创业能力。     

养血解毒方对银屑病角质形成细胞紧密连接的调节作用

目的:观察银屑病样小鼠皮损紧密连接蛋白中水闸蛋白(claduin-1,claudin-7),闭锁蛋白(occludin)的表达,明确养血解毒方对银屑病表皮通透屏障的修复作用,为养血解毒方治疗银屑病提供科学依据。方法:将C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、甲氨喋呤组、养血解毒方组,制备甲氨喋呤溶液、养血解毒方水煎剂对应灌胃干预,同时小鼠背部剃毛后给予咪喹莫特涂抹诱导银屑病样皮损模型。每日拍照记录皮损形态并对严重程度指数(PASI)评分;水油测试笔检测皮损表皮含水量;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察其病理改变、测量表皮厚度;免疫荧光法检测增殖相关的核抗原(Ki67);免疫组化法检测表皮兜甲蛋白(loricrin),真皮中CD3^+T淋巴细胞浸润和紧密连接蛋白claduin-1,claudin-7,occludin的表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测皮损中claudin-7,occludin的表达。模拟银屑病皮损微环境,建立白细胞介素-17(IL-17,1 mg·L^-1)刺激的角质形成细胞(Hacat)模型,制作养血组分、解毒组分、养血解毒方喷干粉进行干预。采用细胞增殖毒性检测试剂盒-8(CCK-8)法检测药物对Hacat细胞的毒性;细胞免疫荧光法检测药物对角质形成细胞claudin-1,claudin-7,occludin表达的干预作用。结果:与模型组比较,养血解毒方可显著减轻小鼠银屑病样皮损表现,降低PASI评分及皮损表皮厚度(P<0.01),增加皮损区表皮水分含量(P<0.01),减少表皮ki67,loricrin的异常表达和真皮CD3+T细胞浸润(P<0.01),并增加紧密连接蛋白claudin-1,claudin-7,occludin的表达(P<0.05),增加紧密连接结构的完整性;体外研究发现,与模型组比较,养血解毒方组和养血组分组明显升高紧密连接蛋白claudin-1,claudin-7,occludin的表达(P<0.05);与模型组比较,解毒组分组蛋白表达水平无统计学差异。结论:养血解毒方通过调节角质形成细胞间紧密连接的表达抑制其异常的增殖分化过程,进一步恢复破坏的表皮通透屏障,可能是其治疗银屑病的作用机制之一。其中养血解毒方的养血组分对调节紧密连接的修复起主要作用。     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂对绝经前激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者去势效果分析——真实世界研究

目的 探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)联合内分泌治疗期间乳腺癌患者卵巢去势(OS)的效果.方法 回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院乳腺肿瘤内科接受含GnRHa内分泌治疗的绝经前乳腺癌患者的临床特点,比较戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂3.6 mg(戈舍瑞林组)、注射用醋酸亮丙瑞林微球3.75 mg(亮丙瑞林1M组)及注射用醋酸亮丙...     

女性生殖器插入障碍诊疗效果观察

目的探索女性生殖器插入障碍的治疗方法,提高婚姻生活质量。方法对因女性生殖器插入障碍前来长沙市妇幼保健院就诊的患者进行治疗,尝试对阴道插入障碍患者进行分级评估,观察治疗效果,总结治疗经验。结果接受治疗的38例患者中,有21例治疗成功,12例有效,3例失访,2例放弃治疗。结论女性生殖器插入障碍的流行病学调查和诊治规范亟待关注,治疗需要性教育、性治疗和心理治疗的有机结合。开展全面性教育,需要全社会共同努力。     

Rethinking “Elective” Procedures for Women's Reproduction during Covid-19

Common hospital and surgical center responses to the Covid-19 pandemic included curtailing “elective” procedures, which are typically determined based on implications for physical health and survival. However, in the focus solely on physical health and survival, procedures whose main benefits advance components of well-being beyond health, including self-determination, personal security, economic stability, equal respect, and creation of meaningful social relationships, have been disproportionately deprioritized. We describe how female reproduction-related procedures, including abortion, surgical sterilization, reversible contraception devices and in vitro fertilization, have been broadly categorized as “elective,” a designation that fails to capture the value of these procedures or their impact on women's overall well-being. We argue that corresponding restrictions and delays of these procedures are problematically reflective of underlying structural views that marginalize women's rights and interests and therefore threaten to propagate gender injustice during the pandemic and beyond. Finally, we propose a framework for triaging reproduction-related procedures during Covid-19 that is more individualized, accounts for their significance for comprehensive well-being, and can be used to inform resumption of operations as well as subsequent restriction phases.     

调强放疗时代诱导化疗在Ⅱ~Ⅳa期鼻咽癌中的研究进展

调强放射治疗的应用使得鼻咽癌的生存得到显著改善,但Ⅱ~Ⅳa期鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要原因仍为远处转移。诱导化疗由于具有减轻肿瘤负荷、消除微转移等优势在临床得到广泛关注,但诱导化疗在Ⅱ期鼻咽癌中的应用价值以及在局部晚期鼻咽癌中的最佳治疗模式尚不明确,全文回顾分析近年来诱导化疗联合调强放疗的相关研究,就调强放疗时代诱导化疗在Ⅱ~Ⅳa期鼻咽癌中相关进展作一综述。     

高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的动脉弹性与内皮功能

目的探讨高血压合并2型糖尿病对动脉功能的影响。方法研究对象137例根据标准分为正常对照组、原发性高血压(EH)组、高血压合并2型糖尿病(EH 2DM)组,各组分别测定一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、颈股脉搏波传导速度(cfPWV)及血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD)和反应性充血(RH)。结果与对照组比较,EH 2DM组和EH组NO、FMD、RH值明显降低,cfPWV明显升高(P<0.01);与EH组比较,EH 2DM组的FMD、RH降低(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示收缩压、舒张压、血糖、cfPWV与FMD负相关(r=-0.507,P=0.001;r=-0.404,P=0.001;r=-0.373,P=0.001;r=-0.270,P=0.001);NO与FMD正相关(r=0.256,P=0.002)。结论EH 2DM患者血管内皮功能和大动脉弹性进一步减退。     

老年高血压患者血管硬化与非酶糖基化及氧化应激的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者血管硬化与非酶糖基化标志物羧甲基赖氨酸(carboxymethylysineadducts,CML)以及氧化应激指标过氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、血清丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的相关性。方法对85例老年高血压住院患者采用全自动动脉硬化测量仪测定脉搏波传导速度(PWV),并采用ELISA法检测其血清CML、SOD及MDA水平。结果单因素分析显示PWV与年龄、CML与MDA呈正相关(P0.05),CML与MDA呈正相关(P0.01),与SOD呈负相关(P0.01);多元回归分析结果显示PWV与年龄、CML及MDA呈正相关(P0.05)。结论老年高血压患者血管硬化程度与非酶糖基化水平、氧化应激均呈正相关,非酶糖基化水平与氧化应激亦呈正相关。     

NOD/SCID孕鼠淋巴细胞表型检测和NK细胞活性分析

目的观察NOD/SCID小鼠免疫状况和生育力特征,并分析NK细胞亚群对同基因交配组合NOD/SCID×NOD/SCID妊娠结局的影响。方法采用流式细胞术对未孕和孕13.5 d的NOD/SCID小鼠进行淋巴细胞表型分析,并系统地观察和比较NOD/SCID×NOD/SCID和BALB/c×BALB/c小鼠的生育力特征。分别采用多聚次黄苷酸-胞苷酸(polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid,poly I∶C)或抗asialoGM1单抗(anti-asialo GM1)刺激或抑制NK细胞活性,并分别观察这些因素对妊娠结局的影响。结果与对照组NOD/SCID小鼠相比,poly I∶C处理组NOD/SCID×NOD/SCID小鼠平均每窝产仔数增多,而注射抗asialo GM1单抗则使胚胎吸收率增高,进而平均每窝产仔数显著减少。结论在NOD/SCID小鼠孕期母-胎界面保持适当水平的NK细胞活性对妊娠结局有利。     

Alcohol-free red wine prevents arterial thrombosis in dietary-induced hypercholesterolemic rats: experimental support for the ''French paradox''

The concept of the 'French paradox' has been recently challenged. As it is difficult in a short period to produce direct clinical evidence of the protective effect of red wine on thrombosis, we evaluated such a possibility in an experimental model mimicking the conditions of the 'French paradox'. Normolipidemic rats (FNL) were fed a standard diet or a 2% cholesterol-rich-diet (Ch-rich-diet) for 5 months: the latter was given either alone (FNL + D) or in combination with 'alcohol-free' red wine (FNL + D + 5 W). Arterial thrombosis was measured as the occlusion time (OT) of an artificial prosthesis inserted into the abdominal aorta. Lipid levels, platelet adhesion to fibrillar collagen, factor VII (FVII) clotting activity and fibrinogen levels were also measured. Compared to animals fed a standard diet, Ch-rich diet induced in FNL rats a several-fold increase in lipids and FVII levels with a concomitant significant increase in both thrombotic tendency (shortening of the OT) and platelet adhesion. 'Alcohol-free' red wine supplementation almost completely reverted the prothrombotic effect of the Ch-rich-diet. Indeed, the OT was prolonged from 78 +/- 3 to 122 +/- 10 h (P < 0.01), while platelet adhesion to fibrillar collagen was reduced from 49 +/- 3.5% to 30 +/- 2.8%. Neither the increase in lipid levels induced by Ch-rich diet nor FVII or fibrinogen levels were modified by wine supplementation. In conclusion, in experimental animals, this study supports the concept of the 'French paradox' that regular consumption of wine (rather than alcohol) was able to prevent arterial thrombosis associated with dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia, an effect mediated by downregulation of platelet function.