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11.
12.
Clinical spirometry in normal Bantu 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
13.
Leonard E.G. Mboera Deus S. Ishengoma Andrew M. Kilale Isolide S. Massawe Acleus S.M. Rutta Gibson B. Kagaruki Erasmus Kamugisha Vito Baraka Celine I. Mandara Godlisten S. Materu Stephen M. Magesa 《BMC health services research》2015,15(1):248
Background
Strong health laboratory systems and networks capable of providing high quality services are critical components of the health system and play a key role in routine diagnosis, care, treatment and disease surveillance. This study aimed to assess the readiness of the national health laboratory system (NHLS) and its capacity to support care and treatment of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania.Methods
A documentary review was performed to assess the structure of the health system with reference to the status and capacity of the NHLS to support HIV diagnosis. Key informant interviews were also held with laboratory staff in all levels of the health care delivery system in four regions with different levels of HIV prevalence. Information sought included availability and utilization of laboratory guidelines, quality and the capacity of laboratories for diagnosis of HIV.Results
The findings indicate that a well-established NHLS was in place. However, the coordination of HIV laboratory services was found to be weak. Forty six respondents were interviewed. In most laboratories, guidelines for HIV diagnosis were available but health care providers were not aware of their availability. Utilization of the guidelines for HIV diagnosis was higher at national level than at the lower levels. The low level of awareness and utilization of guidelines was associated with inadequate training and supervision. There was a shortage of human resource, mostly affecting the primary health care level of the system and this was associated with inequity in employment and training opportunities. Laboratories in public health facilities were better staffed and had more qualified personnel than private-owned laboratories.Conclusion
Tanzania has a well established national health laboratory network sufficient to support HIV care and treatment services. However, laboratories at the primary health care level are constrained by inadequate resources and operate within a limited capacity. Improving the laboratory capacity in terms of number of qualified personnel, staff training on the national guidelines, laboratory diagnostic tools and coordination should be given a higher priority.14.
van Rensburg Susan J. Hattingh Coenraad Johannes Clint Moremi Kelebogile E. Peeters Armand V. van Heerden Carel J. Erasmus Rajiv T. Zemlin Annalise E. Kemp Merlisa C. Jaftha Mariaan Khine Aye Aye Potocnik Felix C.V. Whati Lindiwe Engel-Hills Penelope van Toorn Ronald Kotze Maritha J. 《Metabolic brain disease》2021,36(6):1169-1181
Metabolic Brain Disease - In Part I of this Review we evaluated the scientific evidence for a Metabolic Model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Part II outlines the implementation of an adaptive... 相似文献
15.
van Rensburg SJ van Zyl J Hon D Daniels W Hendricks J Potocnik F Erasmus R 《Metabolic brain disease》2004,19(1-2):97-112
Cerebral inflammation plays a role in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and depression. Iron is involved in infection and inflammation through free radical production. Theoretically transferrin should prohibit iron from participating in oxidative reactions, but transferrin has also been found to promote free radical damage. We reported previously that isolation of transferrin from plasma by ion exchange column chromatography produced a broad pink protein band that subsequently separated on a gel filtration column into three proteins containing many metals. In this study some properties of the three proteins were studied in 20 volunteers. Protein 3 (identified as transferrin by nephelometry) contained the most iron while Protein 1 (called "toxiferrin") contained significantly less iron (p < 0.00001). Plasma from volunteers obtained under conditions of infection/inflammation with fever (n = 5) had a significantly increased toxiferrin to transferrin ratio compared to healthy volunteers (n = 15; p < 0.001). In vitro, Protein 2 and transferrin inhibited lipid peroxidation, while toxiferrin (possibly a protease degradation product of transferrin), enhanced lipid peroxidation. Also, toxiferrin (1 mg/mL) caused a significant increase in viability of monocytes as measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction test, as well as the morphological transformation of monocytes to macrophages. 相似文献
16.
17.
Background
The ethnic usage of exotics and indigenous problem plants is a highly debated topic, as legislative requirements over-shadow their potential medicinal value, particularly to treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Limited information exists regarding their medicinal value among the Bapedi.Objectives
To ascertain the importance of exotics and indigenous problem plants in the treatment of STIs, a major global primary health care challenge.Methods
A field observation and semi-structured questionnaire focussing on species diversity, types of STIs treated and medicinal preparation as well as application was used to collect data from 34 traditional healers.Results
Seven exotics and three indigenous problem species were identified. These species were used to treat four STIs; with Catharanthus roseus illustrating its dominance in the treatment of gonorrhoea. Some medicinal species used by Bapedi traditional healers have been validated through scientific research or through their extensive use by various cultures in South Africa and other parts of Africa. To the best of our knowledge Alternanthera pungens, Caesalpinia decapetala, Cinnamomum verum, and Citrullus lanatus are reported for the first time in the treatment of the investigated STIs.Conclusions
Exotic and indigenous problem species constitute an important component of the STIs treatment protocol. Their utilization by Bapedi cautions against the narrow-minded approach of indiscriminate eradication, as these species can play a significant role in the primary health care needs of socio-economic vulnerable people. 相似文献18.
19.
Eyitayo O. Owolabi RN PhD Samukelisiwe Nyamathe MBChB Conran Joseph PhD Lee-Ann Jacobs-Nzuzi Khuabi PhD Rene G. English MBChB MMed FCPHM PhD Adriaan Vlok MBChB FC MMed PhD Elaine Erasmus FCEM MMed EM DipPEC MBChB Heike I. Geduld MBChB FCEM MMed Hendrick J. Lategan BSc MBBCh MMed FCEM Kathryn M. Chu MD MPH FACS FASCRS 《Journal of evaluation in clinical practice》2023,29(2):380-391
20.
van der Wiel E Hofhuis W Nieuwhof E de Jongste J Merkus P Mc E 《Pediatric pulmonology》2005,39(1):93; author reply 94-93