Tetrahydroaminoacridine improves passive avoidance retention defects induced by aging and medial septal lesion but not by fimbria-fornix lesion.

The present study examines whether tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) can improve the deterioration in passive avoidance (PA) retention performance induced by medial septal (MS) and fimbria-fornix (FF) lesions in young rats or by aging. Retention of young MS-lesioned rats was improved by pretraining injection of THA at 3 mg/kg, but not by THA at 1 mg/kg or by either of the posttraining doses of THA (1 and 3 mg/kg). Pretraining injections of THA at 1 or 3 mg/kg had no effect on the PA retention performance of FF-lesioned rats. Age-induced PA failure was alleviated by pretraining administration of THA at 1 and 3 mg/kg. Posttraining injections of THA (1 or 3 mg/kg) had no effect on PA retention performance of aged rats. These results demonstrate that 1) THA may improve hippocampal cholinergic denervation-induced functional deficits and 2) some of the age-related PA deficits may be due to a cholinergic deficit and can be reversed with THA.     

A comparative evaluation of methods for detecting duodenogastric reflux in patients with peptic ulcer]

The duodenal contents were examined in 81 patients with gastroduodenal ulcer. Bile acid concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity, and sodium ion concentration were measured for the detection of duodenogastric reflux. Measurements of sodium ion concentration permitted estimation of the immediate volume of the duodenogastric reflux in the gastric contents. No methods for duodenogastric reflux detection should be given preference in examinations of peptic ulcer patients. Multiple-modality studies appear to be the most effective.     

Evidence that the serotonin agonist, DOI, increases renin secretion and blood pressure through both central and peripheral 5-HT2 receptors

DOI [(+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane HCI] is a serotonin (5-HT1C/5-HT2) agonist, with potent cardiovascular effects. The purpose of the present studies was to determine the identity and location of the 5-HT receptor subtype(s) mediating the renin and blood pressure responses to DOI. Injection (i.p.) of DOI to conscious male rats elevated plasma renin activity in a dose-dependent manner. The 5-HT1C/5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin completely blocked the DOI-induced increase in plasma renin activity. In order to distinguish the 5-HT2- from the 5-HT1C- mediated effect of DOI, spiperone was administered before DOI. Low doses of spiperone (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly reduced the renin response to DOI. Because spiperone has a higher affinity for 5-HT2 than 5-HT1C receptors, these data suggest that DOI stimulates renin secretion through 5-HT2 receptors. To separate central from peripheral 5-HT receptors, we injected DOI into rats pretreated with saline or xylamidine, a 5-HT2 antagonist which does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Xylamidine produced a shift to the right and suppression of the maximal effect of DOI on plasma renin activity, suggesting a role for peripheral 5-HT2 receptors in the effect of DOI. On the other hand, i.c.v. administration of DOI, using doses lower than the peripherally effective doses, caused a significant elevation of plasma renin activity at 200 micrograms/kg. These experiments suggest that DOI's elevation of plasma renin activity has both peripheral and central sites of action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Curriculum for musculoskeletal radiology.

Although general suggestions have been made regarding a radiology residency curriculum, no specific list of entities has been offered. Over the past ten years, we have developed a resident-run morning conference in musculoskeletal radiology that is supervised by faculty and covers a specific curriculum. We offer our curriculum as an example that may assist other departments in developing their own curricula.     

Family medical leave. An employee benefit for working caregivers of elderly family members

Future trends include a decrease in the number of adult children, an increase in the number of individuals over age 65, single parent families, working women, and individuals with no health care insurance. As more women with multiple roles and responsibilities enter and continue as part of the work force, employers recognize the need for support of family issues. Currently many employers lack initiative to make these needed changes. The occupational health nurses' role in relation to future policy for working caregivers includes assessment of how employment and caregiving impact work performance, job satisfaction, and health; and participation in defining public policy issues.     

Does chronic prenatal methadone exposure affect beta-receptor subtypes in placental, fetal and maternal brain homogenates?

Computer competition analysis of 3H-DHA (3H-dihydroalprenolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic radioligand) binding in the presence of unlabeled metoprolol (a beta 1-selective antagonist) indicates the existence of both beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the rat placenta and confirms previous reports that both beta-adrenoceptors are present in adult rat cortex. In the fetal brain (20th day of gestation), however, only beta 1-receptors were detected. Pregnant rats were chronically exposed to methadone from day 7 to day 20 of gestation via implanted osmotic minipumps (6.3-9.0 mg/kg/day). This treatment schedule did not induce a change in the affinity and density of either beta-receptor subtype in the placental, fetal and maternal brain homogenates. The results are discussed in terms of the reported monoaminergic and opiate receptor functional interactions.     

Therapy of human cervical carcinoma with monoclonal antibody-Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugates.

Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) linked to the F(ab')2 fragment of 1H10, a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing a carbohydrate epitope of a glycoconjugate expressed on the surface of human cervical carcinoma tumor cells, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo activity. PE can kill cells by ADP-ribosylating elongation factor 2 thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Disulfide- as well as thioether-linked immunotoxins (1H10-PE) killed cervical carcinoma cells in vitro and were 20-160 times more inhibitory to target than to control cells. Cell killing was antibody mediated as demonstrated by the reduction of 1H10-PE growth inhibition to target CaSki cells by free 1H10 F(ab')2. In addition, a control antibody immunotoxin was nontoxic to CaSki cells. Thioether-linked 1H10-PE administered either i.v. or i.p. suppressed the growth of established solid s.c. cervical carcinoma tumors xenografted in nude mice for over 30 days. Treatment with antibody alone or a control immunotoxin had no significant effect on tumor growth. Administration of immunotoxin i.p. was associated with less toxicity than administration i.v., but i.v. injections were more effective at suppressing the growth of established solid tumors.     

Pediatric urology

Development of the genital and urinary systems is interwoven. Developmental abnormalities may cause problems in both systems, although the presenting problem may be ambiguous genitalia, hypospadias, undescended testis, or a urinary tract infection. The primary care physician must understand the underlying significance of pediatric urologic problems and seek appropriate consultation in a timely manner.