To compare the demographic and clinical characteristics between women who chose elective repeat Caesarean section (ERCS) versus trial of labour after Caesarean section (TOLAC) in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL).
Methods
We conducted a retrospective case control study of women with live singleton gestations delivering at term in St. John's, NL between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2014. Inclusion criteria were women who had a previous single lower segment Caesarean section (LSCS). TOLAC, successful TOLAC, and VBAC rates were calculated. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between women who chose ERCS versus TOLAC. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CIs were calculated.
Results
A total of 1579 women were included, of whom 160 (10.1%) chose TOLAC, with 107 resulting in successful VBAC (67% successful TOLAC rate). The overall VBAC rate was 6.8%. Women who chose ERCS compared with those who chose TOLAC were more likely to be obese (aOR 3.20, 95% CI 1.85–5.54, P?<?0.001), less likely to have had GA at delivery greater than 40 weeks (aOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.08–0.21, P?<?0.001), less likely to have had a previous vaginal delivery (aOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–0.80, P?<?0.001), and less likely to have had the previous CS for breech presentation (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.80, P?=?0.003).
Conclusions
The overall TOLAC and VBAC rates in St. John's are low when compared with reported national rates. The successful TOLAC rate is within the expected range reported in the literature. Differences exist between women who chose ERCS compared with TOLAC. 相似文献
Iron deficiency is common in patients with heart failure and associated with a poor cardiac function and higher mortality. How iron deficiency impairs cardiac function on a cellular level in the human setting is unknown. This study aims to determine the direct effects of iron deficiency and iron repletion on human cardiomyocytes.
Methods and results
Human embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes were depleted of iron by incubation with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). Mitochondrial respiration was determined by Seahorse Mito Stress test, and contractility was directly quantified using video analyses according to the BASiC method. The activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was examined using spectrophotometric enzyme assays. Four days of iron depletion resulted in an 84% decrease in ferritin (P < 0.0001) and significantly increased gene expression of transferrin receptor 1 and divalent metal transporter 1 (both P < 0.001). Mitochondrial function was reduced in iron‐deficient cardiomyocytes, in particular ATP‐linked respiration and respiratory reserve were impaired (both P < 0.0001). Iron depletion affected mitochondrial function through reduced activity of the iron–sulfur cluster containing complexes I, II and III, but not complexes IV and V. Iron deficiency reduced cellular ATP levels by 74% (P < 0.0001) and reduced contractile force by 43% (P < 0.05). The maximum velocities during both systole and diastole were reduced by 64% and 85%, respectively (both P < 0.001). Supplementation of transferrin‐bound iron recovered functional and morphological abnormalities within 3 days.
Conclusion
Iron deficiency directly affects human cardiomyocyte function, impairing mitochondrial respiration, and reducing contractility and relaxation. Restoration of intracellular iron levels can reverse these effects. 相似文献
Purpose: To evaluate diagnostic methods and clinical signs of CMV anterior uveitis (AU), a rarely described entity in Europe.
Methods: We included patients with clinical characteristics of CMV AU and positive PCR and/or Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWc) for CMV.
Results: We report 21 patients with unilateral uveitis (100%) and signs of Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) (n = 20, 95.2%), Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) (n = 1, 4.7%), and endotheliitis (n = 4, 19,04%). PCR was positive in 15/21 (71.4%) and GWc in 8/9 patients (88.9%) in aqueous for CMV. GWc was the only positive test in 6/9 patients (66,6%). When PCR alone was performed (without GWc) in the first tap, repeated aqueous taps were needed, twice in five cases and thrice in one case.
Conclusion: Combining PCR and GWc were very helpful to confirm the clinical diagnosis of CMV AU. In case of very high clinical suspicion and negative results, repeated tap seems to be recommended. 相似文献
The cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity and immunomodulatory potential of four dithiocarbamate derivatives were assessed and compared with the effects of Immuthiol (diethyl dithiocarbamate, DE-DTC) in mice. Cellular stimulation and cell viability were examined after in vitro exposure of spleen lymphocytes to selected DTC analogues: N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (NMG-DTC), dimethyl dithiocarbamate (DM-DTC), dibuthyl dithiocarbamate (DB-DTC) and diisobuthyl dithiocarbamate (DIB-DTC). Lymphocyte activation by plant and bacterial mitogens: concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and allogeneic stimulation of cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were examined in vitro in the presence of 10(-4)-10(-9) g/ml DE-DTC and other selected DTC derivatives. No direct in vitro lymphoproliferative activity of DTC derivatives was observed, although a relatively stronger cytotoxicity with DE-DTC and DM-DTC was noted. In addition, the in vivo effects of DTC derivatives were examined by cytofluorometric profile of splenic and bone marrow cells as well as in mitogenic and allogenic responses, after i.v. exposures of animals to two subsequent (25 mg/kg b.w.) doses of the chemical. Less cytotoxic DIB-DTC, NMG-DTC and DB-DTC expressed weak in vivo immunostimulatory potential when compared with the effect of DE-DTC, whereas the effects of DM-DTC on alloantigenic and mitogenic lymphocyte stimulation were comparable with the known effects of DE-DTC. Cytofluorometric studies showed that the number of cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells (Ts) and helper T-cells (Th) in the cell was increased by DE-DTC and NMG-DTC only. In addition, DM-DTC appeared to affect the Ts/Th ratio. DE-DTC did not affect the B-cell subpopulation, whereas other derivatives induced marked modifications of the pre-B-cell subpopulations in bone marrow. Our data suggest that in vivo the immunostimulatory effect of DM-DTC could be accompanied with major changes in bone marrow B-cell frequency and alteration of spleen Ts/Th ratio. 相似文献
Colorectal cancer is diagnosed in approximately 500,000 patients each year in Europe, leading to a high number of patients having to cope with the consequences of resection for colorectal cancer. As treatment options tend to grow, more information on the effects of these treatments is needed to engage in shared decision-making. This study aims to explore the impact of resection for colorectal cancer on patients' daily life.
Methods
Patients (≥18 years of age) who underwent an oncological colorectal resection between 2018 and 2021 were selected. Purposeful sampling was used to include patients who differed in age, comorbidity conditions, types of (neo)adjuvant therapy, postoperative complications and the presence/absence of a stoma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, guided by a topic guide. Interviews were fully transcribed and subsequently thematically analysed using the framework approach. Analyses were carried out using the following predefined themes: (1) daily life and activities; (2) psychological functioning; (3) social functioning; (4) sexual functioning; and (5) healthcare experiences.
Results
Sixteen patients with a follow-up period of between 0.6 and 4.4 years after surgery were included in this study. Participants reported several challenges experienced because of poor bowel function, a stoma, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, fear of recurrence and sexual dysfunction. However, they reported these as not interfering much with daily life.
Conclusion
Colorectal cancer treatment leads to several challenges and treatment-related health deficits. This is often not recognized by generic patient-reported outcome measures, but the findings on treatment-related health deficits presented in this study contain valuable insights which might contribute to improving colorectal cancer care, shared decision making and value-based health care. 相似文献
Classical infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) is the most severe form of Pompe disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has significantly increased survival but only a few studies have reported long-term outcomes.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of classical IOPD patients diagnosed in France between 2004 and 2020.
Results
Sixty-four patients were identified. At diagnosis (median age 4 months) all patients had cardiomyopathy and most had severe hypotonia (57 of 62 patients, 92%). ERT was initiated in 50 (78%) patients and stopped later due to being ineffective in 10 (21%). Thirty-seven (58%) patients died during follow-up, including all untreated and discontinued ERT patients, and 13 additional patients. Mortality was higher during the first 3 years of life and after the age of 12 years. Persistence of cardiomyopathy during follow-up and/or the presence of heart failure were highly associated with an increased risk of death. In contrast, cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM)-negative status (n = 16, 26%) was unrelated to increased mortality, presumably because immunomodulation protocols prevent the emergence of high antibody titers to ERT. Besides survival, decreased ERT efficacy appeared after the age of 6 years, with a progressive decline in motor and pulmonary functions for most survivors.
Conclusions
This study reports the long-term follow-up of one of the largest cohorts of classical IOPD patients and demonstrates high long-term mortality and morbidity rates with a secondary decline in muscular and respiratory functions. This decreased efficacy seems to be multifactorial, highlighting the importance of developing new therapeutic approaches targeting various aspects of pathogenesis. 相似文献
Childhood cancer survivors face late health problems; despite advances in research, details on risk remain unclear. We describe the methodological aspects of the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (DCCSS) cross-sectional clinical study (LATER 2 study).
Procedure
From the multi-center DCCSS LATER cohort of 6165 five-year survivors diagnosed during 1963–2001, we invited 4735 eligible survivors in 2016, as well as siblings and parents of survivors. Gaps in evidence identified during development of surveillance guidelines were translated into clinical research questions for 16 outcome-specific subprojects. The regular care visit to the LATER outpatient clinic forms the backbone of outcome assessment complemented with research-defined measurements (physical examination, clinical tests, questionnaires). Furthermore, blood/saliva samples were taken for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction.
Results
In total, 2519 (53.2%) survivors participated in the LATER 2 study. When comparing participants with nonparticipants, we observed that males, CNS survivors, and those treated with surgery only were less likely to participate. Of the participating survivors, 49.3% were female. Median time since childhood cancer diagnosis was 26.9 years (range 14.8–54.7 years) and median attained age was 34.4 years (range 15.4–66.6 years).
Conclusions
The high-quality data generated in the LATER 2 study will provide valuable insights into risks of and risk factors for clinical and physical and psychosocial health outcomes and factors for early recognition of those health outcomes in long-term childhood cancer survivors. This will contribute to fill in important gaps in knowledge and improve the quality of life and care for childhood cancer survivors. 相似文献