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61.
62.
Aitken R.John; Buckingham Donna W.; Brindle James; Gomez Emelio; Baker H.W.Gordon; Irvine D.Stewart 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1995,10(8):2061-2071
The addition of luminol to unprocessed semen samples resultedin the generation of chemiluminescent signals, the intensityof which was highly correlated with the level of leukocyte contamination.Despite the spontaneous oxidant-generating capacity of seminalleukocytes, no correlations were observed between leukocytecontamination and the fertility status of the subjects or anyaspect of the semen profile, including the motility of the spermatozoaor their performance in a hyaluronate penetration assay. Luminol-dependentchemiluminescence and leukocyte contamination were also correlatedin washed sperm suspensions prepared either by repeated centrifugationor on discontinuous Percoll gradients. However, in such spermsuspensions, the spontaneous generation of oxidants by contaminatingleukocytes (>2x104 leukocytes/ml) was invariably associatedwith a decreased capacity for movement. Moreover, causativeassociations between leukocyte contamination, reactive oxygenspecies generation, lipid peroxidation and impaired sperm motilitywere revealed by experiments involving the selective additionor removal of activated leukocytes. From these observationswe can conclude that low concentrations of leukocytes are acommon feature of the human ejaculate and can impair sperm function,particularly in the absence of seminal plasma. These findingshave implications for our understanding of the importance ofleukocytospermia in defining the fertility of human spermatozoain vivo and in vitro. 相似文献
63.
Helen E. Pearson Donna L. Smith-Harrison Nancy K. Rosenblatt Bertram R. Payne 《Experimental neurology》1993,119(2)
The short-term metabolic response of immature retinal ganglion cells to destruction of their target cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) was assessed in newborn cats. Retrograde degeneration of virtually all dLGN cells was induced by ablation of the 13 contiguous areas of visual cortex on the day of birth. The metabolic response of retinal ganglion cells to this loss of target cells in dLGN was determined by exposing the ganglion cell layer to tritiated uridine, a precursor of RNA. Control measurements were made from unoperated littermates. Following sectioning and processing of the retinae from both groups of kittens for autoradiography, silver grain densities overlying the cellular profiles in the ganglion cell layer were calculated. These calculations revealed levels of uridine incorporation at Postnatal Day 4 in both groups of kittens significantly higher than at either Postnatal Day 2 or 7, but no significant differences between the two groups on any day examined. These results show that the level of RNA synthesis in retinal ganglion cells increases temporarily during the first postnatal week and that this synthesis is unaffected by the death of target cells in the dLGN. The temporary increase may be related to the establishment of synaptic connections on retinal ganglion cells by their afferent bipolar and amacrine neurons in the inner nuclear layer. 相似文献
64.
Donna Cohen Carl Eisdorfer Patricia Prinz James Leverenz Mark Davis 《Neurobiology of aging》1980,1(2):165-168
Immunologic changes have been reported in the dementing illnesses of mid and late life. The results of two studies of drug-free males meeting research diagnostic criteria for primary neuronal degeneration of the Alzheimer's type suggest that serum IgG levels decrease with the progression of dementia. Serum IgG levels were inversely correlated with duration of illness and the levels of psychiatric symptomatology. Performance on the mini-mental status examination was positively associated with serum IgG concentrations. 相似文献
65.
John S Thompson Claire Pomeroy Richard J Kryscio Stephen A Brown Donna Reece Rita Kramer Dianna S Howard Gary VanZant Suzanne Humphries Gordon Phillips 《Biology of blood and marrow transplantation》2004,10(12):858-866
To reduce the toxicity of traditional conditioning regimens for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), we used single-agent chemotherapy conditioning with either busulfan (total cumulative dose, 16 mg/kg) or melphalan (200 to 240 mg/m 2 ), followed by the anti-T cell-specific monoclonal antibody T10B9 (MEDI-500) daily for 3 days. T cell-replete SCT was performed from HLA-identical sibling donors. Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis consisted of 7 additional days of T10B9 and delayed onset of cyclosporine (ie, on day +4 or +5). Twenty-six high-risk hematologic malignancy patients were entered onto this study. All 24 patients who survived longer than 8 days engrafted, although 1 patient experienced late graft failure. Deaths occurred in 21 of 26 patients because of infection (n = 7), progression/recurrence of primary disease (n = 6), aGVHD (n = 4), regimen-related toxicity (n = 1), and other causes (n = 3). Five of these patients are enjoying disease-free survival with a median survival of 1193 days after allo-SCT. The conditioning regimen induced modulation of surface expression of CD3 (but not CD4 or CD8) and was associated with decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (but not interleukin-6) serum levels. In conclusion, single-agent chemotherapy conditioning with T10B9 produced durable engraftment and long-term survival in some patients who would not have qualified for a traditional allo-SCT. 相似文献
66.
Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd Silvia Liu Sucha Singh Minakshi Poddar Sungjin Ko Aaron Bell Jonathan Franks Ian Huck Donna Stolz Udayan Apte Sarangarajan Ranganathan Kari Nejak-Bowen Satdarshan P. Monga 《The American journal of pathology》2021,191(5):885-901
Hepatocytes are highly polarized epithelia. Loss of hepatocyte polarity is associated with various liver diseases, including cholestasis. However, the molecular underpinnings of hepatocyte polarization remain poorly understood. Loss of β-catenin at adherens junctions is compensated by γ-catenin and dual loss of both catenins in double knockouts (DKOs) in mice liver leads to progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. However, the clinical relevance of this observation, and further phenotypic characterization of the phenotype, is important. Herein, simultaneous loss of β-catenin and γ-catenin was identified in a subset of liver samples from patients of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatocytes in DKO mice exhibited defects in apical-basolateral localization of polarity proteins, impaired bile canaliculi formation, and loss of microvilli. Loss of polarity in DKO livers manifested as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increased hepatocyte proliferation, and suppression of hepatocyte differentiation, which was associated with up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β signaling and repression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α expression and activity. In conclusion, concomitant loss of the two catenins in the liver may play a pathogenic role in subsets of cholangiopathies. The findings also support a previously unknown role of β-catenin and γ-catenin in the maintenance of hepatocyte polarity. Improved understanding of the regulation of hepatocyte polarization processes by β-catenin and γ-catenin may potentially benefit development of new therapies for cholestasis.A hallmark of epithelial cells is polarization, which is achieved by the orchestration of external cues, such as cellular contact, extracellular matrix, signal transduction, growth factors, and spatial organization.1 Hepatocytes in the liver show a unique polarity by forming several apical and basolateral poles within a cell.2 The apical poles of adjacent hepatocytes form a continuous network of bile canaliculi into which bile is secreted, whereas the basolateral membrane domain forms the sinusoidal pole, which secretes various components, such as proteins or drugs, into the blood circulation.3 Loss of hepatic polarity has been associated with several cholestatic and developmental disorders, including progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).4,5 Although the molecular mechanisms governing hepatocyte polarity have been extensively studied in the in vitro systems, there is still a significant gap in our understanding of how polarity is established within the context of tissue during development or maintained during homeostasis.6,7 Similarly, the molecular pathways contributing to hepatic polarity are not entirely understood, and a better comprehension of hepatic polarity regulation is thus warranted.Previous studies have confirmed the role of hepatocellular junctions, such as tight and gap junctions, in the maintenance of hepatocyte polarity.8,9 Studies done in vitro and in vivo have shown that loss of junctional proteins, such as zonula occludens protein (ZO)-1, junctional adhesion molecule-A, and claudins, lead to impairment of polarity and distorted bile canaliculi formation.10, 11, 12, 13 In addition, proteins involved in tight junction assembly, such as liver kinase B1, are also involved in polarity maintenance.14 Among adherens junction proteins, various in vitro cell culture models have confirmed the role of E-cadherin in the regulation of hepatocyte polarity, possibly through its interaction with β-catenin.15,16 However, there is a lack of an in vivo model to study the role of adherens junction proteins in hepatocyte polarity and their misexpression contributing to various liver diseases.β-Catenin plays diverse functions in the liver during development, regeneration, zonation, and tumorigenesis.17, 18, 19 The relative contribution of β-catenin as part of the adherens junction is challenging to study because like in other tissues, γ-catenin compensates for the β-catenin loss in the liver.20,21 To address this redundancy, we previously reported a hepatocyte-specific -catenin and γ-catenin double-knockout (DKO) mouse model was reported.22 Simultaneous deletion of β-catenin and γ-catenin in mice livers led to cholestasis, partially through the breach of cell-cell junctions. However, more comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the phenotype is needed.In the current study, prior preclinical findings of dual β-catenin and γ-catenin loss were extended to a subset of PFIC and PSC patients. In vivo studies using the murine model with hepatocyte-specific dual loss of β-catenin and γ-catenin showed complete loss of hepatocyte polarity compared to the wild-type controls (CONs). Loss of polarity in DKO liver was accompanied by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling, and reduced expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α). Our findings suggest that β-catenin and γ-catenin and in turn adherens junction integrity, are critical for the maintenance of hepatocyte polarity, and any perturbations in this process can contribute to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease. 相似文献
67.
Nathaniel H. Robin Beatrice Sellinger Donna McDonald-McGinn Elaine H. Zackai Beverly S. Emanuel Deborah A. Driscoll 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》1995,56(1):94-96
Deletions of 22qll cause DiGeorge sequence (DGS), velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS), conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, and some isolated conotruncal heart anomalies. Demonstration of a 22qll deletion in a patient with manifestations of DGS and Noonan syndrome (NS) has raised the question of whether NS is another of the chromosome 22 microdeletion syndromes. This prompted us to evaluate a cohort of patients with NS for evidence of 22qll deletions. Five of 6 NS propositi studied in our laboratory with marker N25 (D22S75) did not have a 22qll deletion. A 2-month-old infant with several findings suggestive of NS did have a 22qll deletion, suggesting that a small number of 22qll deletion propositi may present with a NS-like picture. However, most cases of NS must have another cause. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
68.
A Donna P G Betta D Bellingeri F Tallarida M Pavesi M Pastormerlo 《Diagnostic cytopathology》1992,8(4):361-365
Differentiating mesothelioma, reactive mesothelium, and adenocarcinoma in serous effusions is often difficult, despite the application of ancillary techniques in support of the traditional cytomorphologic criteria. A polyclonal antimesothelial-cell antibody recently developed by our group was evaluated as a histogenetic marker on a series of primary (n = 12) and metastatic (n = 12) malignant effusions. Immunostaining was performed on paraffin sections from cell blocks. All mesothelioma effusions stained positive for the antibody, whereas, in contrast, all metastatic carcinoma specimens failed to react. These results (100 percent specificity and 100% sensitivity for mesothelioma) provide a basis for a reliable use of the antibody in the cytologic examination of suspicious or malignant serous effusions. 相似文献
69.
Joshua K. Meisner Donna M. Martin 《American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics》2020,184(1):81-89
CHARGE syndrome is characterized by a pattern of congenital anomalies (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth, Genital abnormalities, and Ear abnormalities). De novo mutations of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the primary cause of CHARGE syndrome. The clinical phenotype is highly variable including a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects. Here, we review the range of congenital heart defects and the molecular effects of CHD7 on cardiovascular development that lead to an over‐representation of atrioventricular septal, conotruncal, and aortic arch defects in CHARGE syndrome. Further, we review the overlap of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities present in CHARGE and their impact on the peri‐operative morbidity and mortality in individuals with CHARGE syndrome. 相似文献
70.
Dissecting the complexity of the memory T cell response 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Memory immune responses are classically attributed to the reactivation of long-lived, antigen-specific T lymphocytes that
persist in a quiescent state. Determining mechanisms for the generation of memory T cells and dissecting the functional nature
of the memory T cell pool has been encumbered by an inability to distinguish recently activated effector T cells from memory
T cells. We have established new activation and biochemical criteria that distinguish effector and memory T cells and have
applied these criteria to follow memory generation from activated cells in vivo. We found that the resultant memory T cell
pool is heterogeneous and consists of effector-like and resting memory-like subsets that differ in expression of the homing
receptor, CD62L. We discuss these findings in the context of memory T cell heterogeneity identified in human and mouse systems.
These results suggest that more than one type of previously activated T cell can mediate recall or memory immune responses
and that elucidating the fundamental phenotypic and functional features of memory T cell subsets is therefore critical to
deciphering the complex nature of the memory immune response. 相似文献