循PCD引流管路径微小切口联合经皮肾镜治疗重症急性胰腺炎感染性坏死

目的:探讨循PCD引流管路径作微小切口联合经皮肾镜清除胰腺坏死组织的方法治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)感染性坏死的临床效果。方法:23例经PCD引流的感染期SAP患者出现引流不畅等治疗效果不佳后,循PCD引流管路径作一约2 cm微小切口,用取石钳取出浅层部分胰腺坏死组织,深在部分坏死组织联合经皮肾镜直视下用网篮取出,在残腔的高、低位分别置入冲洗管及双套管,从腹壁相应较簿的位置戳孔引出并固定,原PCD引流管管口予以关闭。术后用生理盐水自冲洗管冲洗脓腔,双套管负压状态下作持续负压吸引将残余坏死组织逐步清除干净。监测记录患者术前、术后引流量(出入量差)、体温、白细胞(WBC)数、降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP),术后1个月复查腹部CT了解胰腺周围坏死组织残余情况。结果:23例感染期SAP经上述方法处理后,感染中毒症状均改善,术后30 d内引流量均较术前明显增多(均P0.05),感染指标(体温、WBC数、PCT、CRP)均在术后不同时间点较术前明显下降(均P0.05),术后1个月左右复查CT显示胰周坏死组及积液基本消失,其中5例术后2周出现冲洗管堵塞需换管继续冲洗引流,所有患者未出现腹腔出血、肠漏、穿孔等并发症,无需行二次微创手术干预或开腹手术处理,患者最终均痊愈出院。结论:循PCD引流管路径作微小切口联合经皮肾镜清除胰腺坏死组织的方法在治疗SAP感染性坏死有较好的临床效果。     

Re-Examination of the Genotoxic Activity of Water Taken From the Songhua River in P. R. China

The Songhua River, in northeast China, has heavy organic contamination due to domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. Thus, it is important to further determine its genotoxic activity, which is a potential hazard for human health. Short-term genotoxic bioassays using Salmonella, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay, and mouse liver cell comet assay were employed to further examine the genotoxic activity of diethyl ether extracts of water samples taken from the Songhua River. Ames test results showed that there were still frame-shift mutagens, both direct and indirect, in water samples at doses of 5.0 or 7.0 L water equivalent/plate. The mutagenicity seems to be less when compared with the results from 2002 to 2003. A dose–response relationship was also obtained between DNA damage in mouse liver cells by comet assay and micronuclei formation by CBMN assay. These results indicate that the water samples showed genotoxic activity with a mutagenic potency. 88 and 104 compounds, respectively, were identified in summer and winter water sample extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Four priority pollutants listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and six priority pollutants listed by the Chinese Environment Protection Agency were found in summer or winter water samples, respectively. The results indicate that the diethyl ether extracts of surface water samples taken from the Songhua River still show genotoxic activity (≥3.0 L water). The risks of potential carcinogenicity for human health in the Songhua River should be studied further.     

FIZZ1 Plays a Crucial Role in Early Stage Airway Remodeling of OVA-Induced Asthma

The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Found in Inflammatory Zone 1 (FIZZ1, also known as RELM-α or resistin-like molecule-α) in airway remodeling in asthma. We used a rat model of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge to induce lung inflammation and remodeling. Expression of α -SMA in the lungs of OVA-treated rats was significantly elevated in the peribronchial regions compared with control saline-treated animals. Expression of FIZZ1 mRNA in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECII) isolated from OVA-treated animals was higher than in control animals. Forced expression of recombinant FIZZ1 in rat-1 lung fibroblast cell line enhanced production of collagen type I and α -SMA compared with control transfected cells. These results suggest that FIZZ1 can induce fibroblasts to express markers of myofibroblast differentiation such as α -SMA and collagen type I, which are characteristic of early stages of airway remodeling seen in asthma.     

Controlling amyloid growth in multiple dimensions

The great progress made in defining the structure of protein and peptide amyloid assemblies, particularly the arrangement of peptides in β-sheets, is counterbalanced by the still poor understanding of the higher organization of β-sheets within the fibril and overall fibril/fibril associations. The assembly pathway and basis of amyloid toxicity may well depend on these higher-order structural features. For example, significant evidence points to association between sheets as the rate limiting step in fibril assembly, and a critical metal binding site has now been identified that involves residues from different individual sheets. Here we review experiments that are identifying some of the issues associated with sheet–sheet association by investigating simple model peptides derived from the central core of the Aβ peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease. These peptides transit between fibril/ribbon/nanotube morphologies in response to assembly conditions, laying the foundation for understanding the folding landscape for these higher order assemblies, revealing potential targets for therapeutic intervention, and opening strategies for the design of highly ordered peptide self-assembled microscale morphologies.     

Reporting AIDS and the Invisible Victims in China: Official Knowledge as News in the People's Daily, 1986–2002

Against the backdrop of the sociology of knowledge as a framework, the purposes of this study are threefold: (1) to examine the discourses surrounding the AIDS news in China; (2) to determine how Chinese people with AIDS and the identification of their social groups are covered at the national level; and (3) to discuss the implications of reporting AIDS as official knowledge for a better understanding of the interplay between the mass media and social structure in China today. Findings indicate that as an epidemic, AIDS in China has not only become invisible in the national news, but also constructed as a nonissue devoid of social consequences in public health communication. It is a disease mostly presented in an “us vs. them” news discourse that helps convey the official knowledge as to how AIDS is to be perceived and understood in the country.     

清代中期的广州花船

清代中期,随着广州社会的发展及商业的繁荣,娼妓业也有所发展,并以水乡特色的花船最为著名,花船有着巨大的市场和顾客群体,官吏、商人、文人墨客、性饥渴阶层是花船的主要光顾者。它是接待外国使节的场所,是消费西洋器物的重要场所,也与外国人士在华生活有一定联系。虽然花船的产生有一定社会基础,但它助长了性病蔓延及鸦片赌博的泛滥,破坏了社会的正常发展。