von Willebrand factor released from Weibel-Palade bodies binds more avidly to extracellular matrix than that secreted constitutively

Large multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWf) are released from the Weibel-Palade bodies of cultured endothelial cells following treatment with a secretagogue (Sporn et al, Cell 46:185, 1986). These multimers were shown by immunofluorescent staining to bind more extensively to the extracellular matrix of human foreskin fibroblasts than constitutively secreted vWf, which is composed predominantly of dimeric molecules. Increased binding of A23187-released vWf was not due to another component present in the releasate, since releasate from which vWf was adsorbed, when added together with constitutively secreted vWf, did not promote binding. When iodinated plasma vWf was overlaid onto the fibroblasts, the large forms bound preferentially to the matrix. These results indicated that the enhanced binding of the vWf released from the Weibel-Palade bodies was likely due to its large multimeric size. It appears that multivalency is an important component of vWf interaction with the extracellular matrix, just as has been shown for vWf interaction with platelets. The pool of vWf contained within the Weibel-Palade bodies, therefore, is not only especially suited for platelet binding, but also for interaction with the extracellular matrix.     

Hematopoietic defects in mice lacking the sialomucin CD34

Although the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell can only be definitively identified by its ability to reconstitute the various mature blood lineages, a diversity of cell surface antigens have also been specifically recognized on this subset of hematopoietic progenitors. One such stem cell-associated antigen is the sialomucin CD34, a highly O-glycosylated cell surface glycoprotein that has also been shown to be expressed on all vascular endothelial cells throughout murine embryogenesis as well as in the adult. The functional significance of CD34 expression on hematopoietic progenitor cells and developing blood vessels is unknown. To analyze the involvement of CD34 in hematopoiesis, we have produced both embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice that are null for the expression of this mucin. Analysis of yolk saclike hematopoietic development in embryoid bodies derived from CD34- null ES cells showed a significant delay in both erythroid and myeloid differentiation that could be reversed by transfection of the mutant ES cells with CD34 constructs expressing either a complete or truncated cytoplasmic domain. Measurements of colony-forming activity of hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from yolk sacs or fetal livers isolated from CD34-null embryos also showed a decreased number of these precursor cells. In spite of these diminished embryonic hematopoietic progenitor numbers, the CD34-null mice developed normally, and the hematopoietic profile of adult blood appeared typical. However, the colony-forming activity of hematopoietic progenitors derived from both bone marrow and spleen is significantly reduced in adult CD34-deficient animals, and these CD34-deficient progenitors also appear to be unable to expand in liquid cultures in response to hematopoietic growth factors. Even with these apparent progenitor cell deficiencies, CD34- null animals showed kinetics of erythroid, myeloid, and platelet recovery after sublethal irradiation that are indistinguishable from wild-type mice. These data strongly suggest that CD34 plays an important role in the formation of progenitor cells during both embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. However, the hematopoietic sites of adult CD34-deficient mice may still have a significant reservoir of progenitor cells that allows for normal recovery after nonmyeloablative peripheral cell depletion.     

Inactivation of purified human alpha 2-antiplasmin and purified human C1 inhibitor by synthetic fibrinolytic agents

3-Hydroxypropyl flufenamide (Flu-HPA) is one of a series of flufenamic acid derivatives that enhances blood clot lysis in vitro. Studies of possible mechanisms of action of Flu-HPA were undertaken. The profibrinolytic activity of Flu-HPA in clot lysis assays was found to be dependent on plasminogen. The influence of Flu-HPA on the ability of purified alpha 2-antiplasmin to inhibit purified plasmin was studied. Plasmin activity was determined using 125I-fibrin plates or the spectrophotometric tripeptide substrate, Val-Leu-Lys-paranitroanilide. At Flu-HPA concentrations greater than 1 mM, the inhibitory activity of alpha 2-antiplasmin was abolished in a time-dependent and concentration- dependent manner. The influence of Flu-HPA on the ability of purified Cl inhibitor to inhibit purified plasma kallikrein and beta-Factor XIIa was also studied. Cl inhibitor activity was abolished by Flu-HPA at concentrations greater than 2 mM. Notably, Flu-HPA up to 60 mM did not affect the amidolytic activities of plasmin, kallikrein, or beta-Factor XIIa. Flu-HPA did not release enzyme activity from preformed complexes of either alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasmin of Cl inhibitor and kallikrein. A water-soluble derivative of flufenamic acid, N-flufenamyl- glutamic acid, also inactivated alpha 2-antiplasm and Cl inhibitor. This inactivation was shown to be reversible. These results indicate that synthetic fibrinolytic compounds such as flufenamic acid derivatives may promote fibrinolysis by directly inactivating alpha 2- antiplasmin and Cl inhibitor.     

Contrasting effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte CSF treatment on the cycling of blood elements in childhood-onset cyclic neutropenia

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment has been shown to increase average neutrophil counts substantially in patients with childhood-onset cyclic neutropenia (or "cyclic hematopoiesis"), but not to eliminate the cyclic oscillations of neutrophil counts or those of other blood elements (monocytes, platelets, eosinophils, and reticulocytes) that are characteristic of this hematopoietic disorder. Indeed, oscillations of neutrophil counts are amplified during G-CSF treatment. We have compared the effects of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) with those of G-CSF in three patients with this disease (2 men and 1 woman, 17, 30, and 32 years of age). These patients were treated with GM-CSF (2.1 micrograms/kg/day, subcutaneously) for 6 weeks, preceded and followed by 6 to 13 weeks of detailed observation to document changes in the cyclic oscillations of blood neutrophils and other blood elements; two of the patients were subsequently treated with G-CSF (5.0 micrograms/kg/d, subcutaneously) and observed for comparable periods of time. Unlike G-CSF treatment, which increased average neutrophil counts more than 20-fold, GM-CSF increased neutrophil counts only modestly, from 1.6- to 3.9-fold, although eosinophilia of varying prominence was induced in each patient. However, at the same time, GM-CSF treatment dampened or eliminated the multilineage oscillations of circulating blood elements (neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and/or reticulocytes) in each of the patients. In contrast, G-CSF treatment of the same patients markedly amplified the oscillations of neutrophil counts and caused the cycling of other blood elements (monocytes in particular) to become more distinct. These findings support the conclusion that the distinctive cycling of blood cell production in childhood-onset cyclic neutropenia results from abnormalities in the coordinate regulation of both GM-CSF-responsive, multipotential progenitor cells and G-CSF-responsive, lineage-restricted, neutrophil progenitors.     

基于1H-NMR植物代谢组学技术分析青海产区枸杞子的化学特征

目的:采用核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)植物代谢组学技术比较青海产区枸杞子与其他产区(宁夏、甘肃、新疆、内蒙古)枸杞子的化学成分差异。方法:收集5个产区共97份枸杞子样本,其中青海61个样本,采用50%甲醇提取,检测~1H-NMR图谱,结合多元统计分析,对比青海产区枸杞子与其他产区枸杞子的化学差异性,并对各产区样本的枸杞多糖进行含量测定(以无水葡萄糖计),检测波长490 nm。结果:枸杞子的~1H-NMR图谱共检测到32个化学成分,多元统计分析表明青海产区枸杞子与其他产区样本相比,无明显分离趋势;青海产区枸杞子与宁夏产区相比,以及青海省6个不同地区的枸杞子相比,重叠样品较多,均不能显著分开。相似度结果表明,大多数样品的相似度0.85;化合物的单变量分析结果显示,除了蔗糖、葡萄糖、脯氨酸等个别代谢物在各产区样本中存在显著差异外,其余代谢物在各产区样品中的含量分布基本一致。青海与其他产区样本中枸杞多糖含量无显著性差异,且枸杞多糖含量与~1H-NMR指认的小分子化合物的相关系数处于-0.2～0.4。结论:采用~1HNMR植物代谢组学技术从整体化学组成上分析了青海产区枸杞子的化学特征,并结合枸杞多糖含量测定,显示青海产区枸杞子与其他产区枸杞子的化学差异较小。建立的基于~1H-NMR的枸杞子质量评价方法可为其质控水平提升及种植产区选择提供科学依据。     

外源性p53对Wnt通路抑制因子Dickkopf-1的表达作用

目的研究外源性p53对W nt通路抑制因子D ickkopf-1(DKK-1)的表达作用。方法将携带p53基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体(Adp53)导入到p53完全缺失的人肝癌细胞株Hep3B中,并以p53反以寡核苷酸阻断p53阳性细胞p53的表达,以W nt通路的关键因子-βcaten in的改变为功能指标评价W nt通路的变化。以RT-PCR技术检测W nt通路抑制因子DKK-1表达的调节作用,以流式细胞术检测Adp53的转基因情况,肝癌细胞中p53和β-caten in的表达。结果DKK-1mRNA水平在转染Adp53 20 h后即有明显升高,32 h达最高水平,随后逐渐降低。β-caten in表达水平随着转染时间和转染剂量的增加,阳性细胞百分比强度和平均荧光量强度表达水平逐渐下降。以p53反以寡核苷酸阻断p53阳性细胞p53表达后,抑制剂DKK-1的表达逐渐降低,-βcaten in表达水平逐渐增加。结论外源性p53能明显诱导W nt通路抑制剂DKK-1的表达,进而产生抑制W nt通路的作用。     

低频率抗Mur抗体引起溶血性输血反应的调查研究

目的研究抗Mur抗体血型血清学特征，调查其在输血医学中临床意义。方法对2例患者的血清，与已知血型的试剂红细胞和4个已知Mur抗原，在盐水介质、低离子间接抗球蛋白介质，分析鉴定出其抗体的特异性。结果这2例患者与已知血型的试剂红细胞在多种反应介质中的反应结果显示患者血清中含有抗Mur抗体，患者血清与4个已知Mur抗原的反应证实该例抗体只与Mur抗原反应。结论该例同种抗体为特异性抗Mur抗体，在临床会引起溶血性输血反应。在东方人群中Mihenberger血型抗体常规筛选鉴定值得探讨。     

二氧化碳气腹对肿瘤细胞生长和播散影响的研究

目的　研究静脉使用 5 %NaHCO3 纠正CO2 气腹造成的酸中毒能否改善其对肿瘤细胞的促生长和播散作用。方法　观察静脉推注 5 %NaHCO3 的CO2 气腹组、CO2 气腹组及对照组带瘤Wister大鼠的肿瘤生长及穿刺点转移情况。结果　静脉推注 5 %NaHCO3 的CO2 气腹组、CO2 气腹组及对照组肿瘤的重量、体积和腹水体积有差异 ,但无统计学意义。穿刺点转移率无明显差异。结论　CO2 气腹影响肿瘤细胞生长和播散的机制复杂 ,不能完全以CO2 引起机体酸中毒解释。未找到通过静脉推注 5 %NaHCO3 可改善CO2 气腹对肿瘤细胞生长影响的基础理论依据。