褪黑素和哌替啶对小鼠的镇痛作用比较

利用热板法或甩尾法测定小鼠痛阈，发现褪黑素１０～４０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ｉｐ后６０ｍｉｎ时镇痛作用最强，１５０ｍｉｎ时仍有镇痛作用。哌替啶１０～４０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ｉｐ后３０ｍｉｎ时镇痛作用最强，１２０ｍｉｎ时已无镇痛作用。在６０ｍｉｎ时两者镇痛作用相近。是示两者的作用特点不同。     

重度联合免疫缺陷小鼠的繁育及其应用初报

应用带过滤罩的透明鼠在层流柜内繁育Ｔ和Ｂ淋巴细胞缺失的重度联合免疫缺陷（ｓｃｉｄ）小鼠获得成功，１９９３年５月至１９９４年４月，共繁育ｓｃｉｄ小鼠２２１只，寿命均超过１２个月。平均每窝产仔数为５．５只，显著低于对照组ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，不育率为１４．９％，离乳率为８８．２％，与ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠相比均无明显差异。ｓｃｉｄ小鼠４～１０周龄的体重与同龄ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠相比无明显差异，微生物学检测均符合ＳＰ     

大鼠延髓腹外侧区在可乐定心血管效应中的作用

目的：探讨大鼠延髓腹外侧区（VLM）在介导可乐定心血管效应中的作用。方法：氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉SD大鼠，应用微量注射和细胞外记录等方法观察尾端延髓腹外侧区（CVLM）和头端延髓腹外侧区（RVLM）内局部给予可乐定导致的心血管活动变化。结果：单侧CVLM微量注射可乐定（5nmol/100nl,n=10)不仅能明显升主动脉血压（AP）和增加心率（HR）（P＜0．01），而且能增加同侧RVLM压力敏感性神经元（n=80)的放电频率（P＜0．01），而单侧RVLM微量注射可乐定（5nmol/100nl,n=9)，明显降低AP和HR（P＜0．01）。结论：RVLM和CVLM在介导可乐定的心血管效应中具有不同的作用。     

阴茎背深静脉包埋术治疗勃起功能障碍5例

目的 :评价阴茎背深静脉包埋术治疗勃起功能障碍 (ED)的疗效。　方法 :对 3例静脉性和 2例动静脉混合性ED病人施行阴茎背深静脉包埋术 ,术后随访疗效。　结果 :术后 2个月首次随访 ,3例静脉性ED病人获得满意性交 ,2例动静脉混合性ED病人基本能勃起 ,口服西地那非 5 0mg后可以完成性交。 5例术后随访 3～ 12个月(平均 7个月 )保持以上疗效。　结论 :阴茎背深静脉包埋术创伤小 ,几乎无并发症 ,是治疗静脉性ED的有效疗法     

重视患者知情同意权提高医疗服务质量

为了提高医院的医疗服务质量，保证医疗安全，避免和减少医疗纠纷，医院必须严格遵守患者知情同意原则。作者着重讨论知情同意的意义，如何规范知情同意书的范围、格式和内容，以及填写注意事项等问题。     

668颗后牙镍铬合金PFM边缘适合性的临床观察

目的：观察采用2种边缘形式的后牙烤瓷熔附金属全冠边缘适合性和对牙龈健康的影响.方法：对668颗后牙,分别采用2种边缘形式的后牙烤瓷熔附金属全冠（单冠或桥的基牙）在修复2年后进行复查,检测其边缘适合性及牙龈指数（GI）和牙周探诊深度（PD）,用统计学方法分析修复体边缘形式与牙龈病变间的关系.结果：采用羽状边缘360°金属脚边的PFM边缘适合性明显优于凹面肩台型边缘PFM,凹面肩台型边缘的PFM的牙龈病变发生率,明显高于羽状边缘360°金属脚边的PFM,而边缘适合性差者较适合性好者牙龈病变发生率显著增高.结论：后牙PFM的边缘采用羽状边缘360°金属脚边是一种好的选择.     

Renal transplantation from elderly living donors

A worldwide shortage of cadaveric donors has led to the increased utilization of elderly living donors, with controversial results. In an attempt to assess the effect of donor age on graft survival and subsequent renal function, we analyzed our clinical results in 276 consecutive recipients of living related renal transplants spanning both the cyclosporine and the azathioprine eras, of whom a total of 44 recipients received kidneys from donors over 55 years old. All recipients were otherwise similar in age, race, haplotype mismatch, number of retransplants, and number of pretransplant transfusions, apart from an increased number of diabetics among the CsA-treated recipients of elderly kidneys (38% vs. 14%). The cumulative patient and graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years were independent of donor age whether CsA or AZA was utilized. Nor was the incidence of rejection or infection significantly different in the older donor group when compared with the younger cohort. Short-term and intermediate-term renal function, as assessed by serum creatinine, was however poorer but stable in the older donor group when compared with the younger one. The mean serum creatinine levels at 1 year in the CsA- and AZA-treated recipients of kidneys from older donors were 2.4 and 2.0 mg/dl, respectively, compared with 1.6 and 1.4 mg/dl, respectively, when the donor age was less than 55 years (P less than 0.001). Since renal function at the end of the first posttransplant year is considered a determinant of long-term graft survival, this is a cause for concern, but in view of the universal shortage of organs and the negligible morbidity to donors, renal transplantation from elderly living donors remains an acceptable practice.     

Management of bacterial peritonitis and exit‐site infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis*

SUMMARY: Peritonitis and exit‐site infections remain the most important limitations to the delivery of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Contamination of the peritoneum, from endogenous or exogenous sources, is responsible for most peritonitis episodes. Patients usually present with a cloudy bag, although other causes should be distinguished. Clinical suspicion of peritonitis should be followed rapidly by microbiological examination and empirical treatment. Microbiological confirmation allows for subsequent treatment based on sensitivities. Other interventions such as catheter removal may be appropriate in some patients. Exit‐site infections should also be identified and treated early. Peritonitis may be further prevented by adequate exit‐site care, hygienic methods, and techniques to minimise early contamination of the exit site. Mupirocin may also have a role in preventing infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.     

河北省中药混乱品种鉴别研究——6.蕲蛇及其伪品的鉴别

按照中国药典1985年版蕲蛇为蝰科动物五步蛇除去内脏的干燥体。近年在河北省的药村商品中,发现有游蛇科动物滑鼠蛇混入其中,充当蕲蛇。作者应用解剖、组织切片的方法,研究了蕲蛇与滑鼠蛇在形态组织上的鉴别特征。它们的主要区别在于:鳞片、体表花纹、牙齿、鼻骨的形态;椎骨的形态与组织特征。据此可以鉴别蕲蛇与滑鼠蛇的真伪。