Changes in blood-serum enzymes in rheumatic myocarditis.

Serum activity analyses of nine enzymes [CPK, HBDH, SDH, ALP, GPT, GOT, LDH, MDH, ALD] in patients with rheumaitc carditis revealed certain elevations of the mean values of LDH, GOT, HBDH, GPT, ALP and MDH. These changes have no particular diagnostic importance because similar findings were also obtained in patients with both rheumatic and nonrheumatic arthritis. The changes occurring during antirheumatic treatment are minimal and statistically not significant. Greater elevations of LDH, ALD, GOT, HBDH, GPT, MDH, and ALP are found in patients with decompensated rheumatic heart disease associated with active rheumatic carditis.     

Enteral nutrition in sepsis patients

Sepsis, with its associated complications, is a leading cause of death in intensive care units. It is a major public health problem world-wide. The altered metabolism, severe condition and specific organ failure in sepsis patients get entangled in a vicious circle. Their treatment should invariably include nutritional support. The present survey summarizes the sepsis-induced metabolic changes so that they can be adequately compensated by nutritional support using specialized enteral formulas. We argue the necessity of introducing new efficient formulas as part of the so called immunonutrition. The basic requirements these formulas should meet are: 1. to provide sufficient amount of protein and energy substrate that can preserve the muscle function; 2. to be a source of substances that stimulate and protect enterocytes with restriction of bacterial translocation; 3. to help keep the liver function normal; 4. by including various substances with immunomodulating features to prevent and compensate the disturbances in the immune response.     

Anthocyanins and Color Variables of Bulgarian Aged Red Wines

The main sensory parameter for the quality of red wines is their color. Twenty-one Bulgarian red wines from five different grape varieties were analyzed (Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Melnik, Mavrud and Gamza) in order to determine color variables and evaluate pigment matter. The results show highest proportion of red color in Cabernet-Sauvignon (dA%=59.2–46.9%), followed by Merlot, Mavrud, Melnik and Gamza (dA%=48.1–34.4%). Total anthocyanins reach maximal level for Cabernet-Sauvignon-1998 (274mg/L) and minimal value for Melnik-1998 (22mg/L), and correlate with dA% value. The age index, polymeric anthocyanins/monomeric anthocyanins, increases from 32.6% for Cabernet-Sauvignon-1998 to 87.5% for Gamza-1994 as the polymeric pigment forms have displaced the monomeric anthocyanins during aging process.     

Experience in studying various indicators of the deontological training of students before and after subinternship and the methods of its verification

The paper is concerned with the results of a special study of the deontological potential of students prior to and after subinternship. Their attitude to occupation, the knowledge of the fundamentals of deontology, motivation of behavior in specific deontological situations and the reasoning of their actions and opinions were determined. A considerable gap between a high level of correct theoretical (declarative) ideas of deontology rules and inability to use them in everyday clinical practice was observed. Experience of the correction of graduates' deontological disposition was presented. The dialectic unity of inductive and deductive methods in mastering the fundamentals of deontology was stressed. Methods of the verification of deontological training of students in medical institutes were specified.