Tuning the Biginelli reaction mechanism by the ionic liquid effect: the combined role of supported heteropolyacid derivatives and acidic strength

Herein, a combination of heteropolyacids and ionic liquids as a catalytic system was studied for the Biginelli multicomponent reaction; the positive ionic liquid effect associated with the acidic strength of zeolite-supported heteropolyacids made this combination an efficient catalytic system for the multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives. The acidic strength effect was evaluated, and a range was determined in which the reaction provided better results. The mechanism of the reaction was also investigated in the presence and absence of ionic liquids, and two features of paramount importance were revealed: the mechanism could be tuned to proceed through only one reaction path among three possibilities and the kinetics of the reaction was significantly faster in the presence of an ionic liquid.

Heteropolyacids and ionic liquid effect allowed tuning of the Biginelli reaction mechanism and synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives in an efficient, recyclable fashion. The role of acidic strength and supported heteropolyacid is disclosed.     

Synthesis and Anticholinesterase Activity Evaluation of Asymmetric Azines

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - Azines or di-imines are compounds containing R1R2C=N-N=CR3R4 fragment in its structure. These compounds have received special attention due to their importance as...     

Short-term outcomes of Altis® single-incision sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence: a prospective single-center study

Introduction and hypothesis

Data on Altis® (Coloplast), a new adjustable single-incision sling (SIS) procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), are scarce. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and complication rates of this procedure.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, a total of 52 women with SUI were implanted with an Altis® sling in an ambulatory setting. Before and after intervention (3, 6, and 12 months), women completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF). In addition, patients underwent a cough stress test at each evaluation and a post-voiding residual urine volume estimation at 3 months. The main outcomes measured were subjective cure (ICIQ-SF?=?0), subjective improvement (ICIQ-SF >0 and < preoperative ICIQ-SF), and objective cure (negative cough stress test and no pad usage) rates. De novo overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, changes in voiding habits and adverse events were also analyzed.

Results

The subjective cure rate at 12 months was 84.0 %, with an additional improvement rate of 8.0 %. The objective cure rate was 90.2 %. Later postoperative complications included 1 case of vaginal extrusion (requiring surgical removal of the eroded mesh segment), 3 cases of vaginal exposure of the adjustment thread (managed conservatively), de novo urgency in 3 patients, and mild dyspareunia in 2 patients.

Conclusions

The Altis® sling is a safe and effective SIS procedure for the treatment of SUI with a short-term follow-up.     

Clinical hematological and biochemical parameters in Swiss,BALB/c,C57BL/6 and B6D2F1 Mus musculus

BackgroundAnimal models are widely used in scientific research in order to obtain information from a whole organism under a specific set of experimental conditions. Various lineages of mice have been used to investigate diseases and new therapeutic strategies, and, consequently, hematological and biochemical tests in these laboratory animals are essential to validate scientific studies. Our study seeks to establish reference values for hematological and biochemical parameters of four lineages of mice.MethodsWe evaluated the hematological and biochemical profiles of 20 males and 20 females from the lineages Swiss (heterogeneous), BALB/c and C57BL/6 (isogenic), and B6D2F1 (hybrid), totaling 160 mice. Analysis were standardized using the systems pocH‐100iV Diff™ for 19 hematological parameters and VITROS^® 350 for 12 biochemical parameters.ResultsResults are shown as means and standard deviation, grouped by lineage and genre. Comparing the values obtained in this study with the values from previous studies, some variations were detected, which could be explained by differences in methodologies or individual variability.ConclusionThus our study shows that knowledge and disclosure of the values of physiological parameters of laboratory animals is necessary, and emphasises the importance of considering variations influenced by gender, lineage and genotype in the choice of the best experimental model.     

Detection of Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria and Others Cultivable Facultative Bacteria in Dental Tissues

Aim

To detect for the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and evaluate the possible association between SRB and cultivable facultative bacterial of oral sites with different periodontal conditions.

Methods

The study was carried out on 9 samples from different oral sites in 8 patients (two samples were collected from the same patient). Material was collected using modified Postgate E culture medium, indicated for the growth and isolation of SRB. In addition, a reducing solution for anaerobic bacteria was used as a transport solution for facultative bacteria and identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results

SRB was found in 3 patient samples: the first in a root fragment, the second in a root fragment and a healthy tooth with vertical bone loss and a mobility degree of 3; and the third in a healthy tooth extracted for orthodontic treatment. In the final patient, the cultivable facultative species Lactobacillus casei was identified. Other facultative bacterial species were identified in patient 5 (Kurthia Gibsonii) and patient 7 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

Conclusions

The detection of SRB in different dental tissues with distinct periodontal features demonstrated that new studies need to be developed in order to determine the true role of SRB in the oral microbiota. In addition, it was possible to verify the presence of Lactobacillus casei together with SRB in one sample.     

Time-Compressed Speech Identification Is Predicted by Auditory Neural Processing,Perceptuomotor Speed,and Executive Functioning in Younger and Older Listeners

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - Older adults typically have difficulty identifying speech that is temporally distorted, such as reverberant, accented, time-compressed,...