老年糖尿病患者骨质疏松及骨折发生率分析

目的：探讨２型糖尿病患者骨密度改变及骨折发生率。方法：逆向随机选取住院骨折病人３８０例,测定骨密度改变,同时测定其血Ｃａ,Ｐ,ＡＫＰ,ＧＬＵ,ＢＧＰ浓度,并统计其中糖尿病的发生率及测定值对比情况。结果;骨折病人中的糖尿病患者机率为６．３２％,骨折病人的骨密度改变在糖尿病组和非糖尿病组病人中有显著差异,和本区普查结果无显著差异。结论：糖尿病病人的骨折发生率和非糖尿病患者及无明显差异,但骨密度改变有明     

外周动静脉同步换血对血清钙的影响

目的：探讨外周动静脉同步换血对血清钙的影响。方法：对２５全高胆红素血症患儿采用同型血进行外周动静脉同步换血,换血前后在同一动脉端取血测血清钙。结果：换血过程中应用钙剂组（观察组）与未应用钙剂组,血钙水平在换血前后及两组之间均无差异,Ｐ〉０．０５。注射钙剂的不良反应发生率为６．２５％。结论：外周动静脉同步换血疗法对血清钙无明显影响,换血过程中静注钙剂是不必要的。     

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF FLUVASTATIN ON AORTIC INTIMAL THICKENING IN NORMOCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS

Objective, The anti-atherosclerotic effect of fluvastatin at doses insufficient to lower serum cholesterol on the catheter-induced intimal thickening and possible mechanism were investigated in abdominal aorta of rabbits. Methods. Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups( n = 7, each). Fluvastatin was given mixed with food at daily dose of 8mg/kg starting 5 days before catheterization. Light microscope, immanohistochemistry, transmis-sion electron microscope and RT-PCR assay were applied to assess vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and apoptosis, as well as oncogene expression in vascular wall. Results. At day 10 and day 15 after catheter induced denudation intima/media( I/M) thickness ratio was obviously higher, and also the percentage of PCNA-positive cells and TUNEL-positive cells in media was significantly higher compared with controls. The intimal hyperplasia was mostly composed of α-SM-actin-pesitive cells. In rabbits given flu-vastatin I/M ratio and the percentage of these positive cells significantly decreased compared with those without fluvas-tatin.The overexpression of proto-oncogene H-ras mRNA and decreased expression of anti-oncogene p53 mRNA were found after vascular injury, whereas fluvastatin significantly reduced H-ras mRNA and increased p53 mRNA expres-sion. Conclusion. Proliferation of VSMC in the media and the migration to the intima can be inhibited, and apoptosis of VSMC be induced by short-term use of fluvastatin after balloon catheter denudation, independent of serum lipid change. The underlying mechanism is presumably associated With the influence of fluvastatin on oncogene expression in the injured vascular Wall.     

退变性腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗的探讨

目的：探讨退变性腰椎管狭窄症的手术治疗。方法：对９４例６０岁以上患者进行分型和手术治疗。结果：将本病分为Ⅰ型（侧隐窝狭窄型）;Ⅱ型（中央管狭窄型）;Ⅲ型（混合型）。对Ⅰ型手术方式采用单侧或双侧椎板开窗,扩大神经根管或（和）摘除髓核;对Ⅱ型行半椎板或全椎板切除术;对Ⅲ型行全椎板切除术。结论：通过术后疗效观察和３年随访,根据分型的不同选择不同的手术方式,可达到较好的临床疗效     

小儿咽后脓肿14例临床分析

报告１４ 例小儿咽后脓肿,急性型１３ 例,慢性型１ 例;异物性２ 例,结核性１ 例,邻近炎症扩散引起者２ 例,上呼吸道感染所致９ 例;１４ 例颈侧位Ｘ线片示脓肿２ 例,１０ 例颈部ＣＴ扫描示脓肿７ 例。所有病例经脓液引流及抗炎或抗痨治疗后痊愈。     

镁对脑缺血早期脑组织中谷氨酸及一氧化氮含量的影响

为研究镁在脑缺血早期对神经元保护作用的机制,用电凝法建立大鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型,在造模前给大鼠注射２０ｇ／Ｌ硫酸镁,观察镁对脑组织中谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量的影响。结果显示,高浓度镁可明显降低脑缺血皮质中Ｇｌｕ、ＮＯ含量,在缺血组Ｇｌｕ、ＮＯ的峰值浓度分别为９．８７、４４．９７ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ,而在加镁组两者浓度分别为７．６８、３３．９２ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ。提示：镁对脑缺血早期神经元的保护作用与其降低脑组织中Ｇｌｕ及ＮＯ含量有关。     

王自敏治疗早、中期慢性肾功能衰竭的经验

慢性肾功能衰竭一旦进入终末尿毒症期,临床仅能依靠透析和肾移植,别无良策,但由于其造价昂贵,尚难普及。因此,对于其早、中期的治疗则更显重要。王自敏教授从事中医肾病临床数十年,积累了丰富的经验,兹总结如下。１抓住病机正中肯綮慢性肾功能衰竭是各种慢性肾脏疾...     

Methamphetamine administration causes overexpression of nNOS in the mouse striatum

The accumulated evidence suggests that the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) is involved in methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity. Using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) antibody immunohistochemistry, the possible overexpression of nNOS and iNOS was investigated in the brains of mice treated with METH. The number of positive cells or the density of positive fibers was assessed at 1 h, 24 h and 1 week after METH injections. There were no clear positive iNOS cells and fibers demonstrated in the brains of mice after METH treatment. In contrast, METH caused marked increases in nNOS in the striatum and hippocampus at 1 and 24 h post-treatment. The nNOS expression normalized by 1 week. There were no statistical changes in nNOS expression in the frontal cortex, the cerebellar cortex, nor in the substantia nigra. These results provide further support for the idea that NO is involved in the neurotoxic effects of METH.     

Satellite-cell-derived nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 are involved in noradrenergic sprouting in the dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury in the rat

Injury to a peripheral nerve induces in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sprouting of sympathetic and peptidergic terminals around large-diameter sensory neurons that project in the damaged nerve. This pathological change may be implicated in the chronic pain syndromes seen in some patients with peripheral nerve injury. The mechanisms underlying the sprouting are not known. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, we have now found that nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) synthesis is upregulated in satellite cells surrounding neurons in lesioned DRG as early as 48 h after nerve injury. This response lasts for at least 2 months. Quantitative analysis showed that the levels of mRNAs for NT3 and NGF increased in ipsilateral but not contralateral DRG after nerve injury. Noradrenergic sprouting around the axotomized neurons was associated with p75-immunoreactive satellite cells. Further, antibodies specific to NGF or NT3, delivered by an osmotic mini-pump to the DRG via the lesioned L5 spinal nerve, significantly reduced noradrenergic sprouting. These results implicate satellite cell-derived neurotrophins in the induction of sympathetic sprouting following peripheral nerve injury.