The Association Between Physical Activity and Maternal Sleep During the Postpartum Period

Physical activity is associated with improved sleep quality and duration in the general population, but its effect on sleep in postpartum women is unknown. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between hours/week of self-reported domain-specific and overall moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep quality and duration at 3- and 12-months postpartum among a cohort of 530 women in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Postpartum Study. MVPA was not associated with sleep quality or duration at 3-months postpartum. At 12-months postpartum, a 1 h/week increase in recreational MVPA was associated with higher odds of good (vs. poor) sleep quality (odds ratio, OR 1.14; 95 % confidence interval, CI, 1.03–1.27) and a 1 h/week increase in child/adult care MVPA was associated with lower odds of good (vs. poor) sleep quality (OR = 0.93; 95 % CI 0.88–0.99). A 1 h/week increase in child/adult care MVPA (OR 1.08, 95 % CI 1.00–1.16) was associated with higher odds of long sleep duration and 1 h/week increases in indoor household (OR 1.09, 95 % CI 1.01–1.18) and overall MVPA (OR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01–1.07) were associated with higher odds of short (vs. normal) sleep duration. Comparing 3-months postpartum to 12-months postpartum, increased work MVPA was associated with good sleep quality (OR 2.40, 95 % CI 1.12–5.15) and increased indoor household MVPA was associated with short sleep duration (OR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.05–3.27) as measured at 12-months postpartum. Selected domains of MVPA and their longitudinal increases were associated with sleep quality and duration at 12-months postpartum. Additional research is needed to elucidate whether physical activity can improve postpartum sleep.     

精细化管理提升医院科研管理的实践与体会

医院科研管理事关医疗技术进步和医疗水平提升,在医院科研管理中融入精细化管理的理念,结合平台建设,推进医院科研的可持续发展,创新科研管理模式,提升科研管理能力,才能推动医院科研工作健康有序跨越式发展.     

诊断阈值降低对诊断妊娠期糖尿病的影响

目的 研究国内医院针对妊娠期糖尿病的诊断标准,探讨降低标准阈值在临床中的价值,以及卫生部新诊断标准实施可能面临的问题. 方法 对北京、浙江和云南内,年分娩量不少于1 000的医院进行随机抽样,每省7个医院.研究各医院的诊断标准,分析各标准下的妊娠结局. 结果 各医院诊断标准不同,可分为6组,标准1组的阈值最低.各标准下GDM的发生率不同,标准1最高（3.1％）,差异有统计学意义;标准3治疗率最高（96.8％）,各标准治疗率比较,差异有统计学意义;标准1下先兆子痫和巨大儿的发生率较其他标准的发生率低,但差异无统计学意义. 结论 GDM诊断标准阈值的降低可能会扩大孕妇治疗人群,可改善孕妇和胎儿的结局,但新标准的应用仍将面临很多挑战.     

Isolation and characterization of 14 tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers in the elongate loach Leptobotia elongata (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) using 454 sequencing technology

Anthropogenic factors have contributed to a severe decline of Leptobotia elongata. Conservation information of L. elongata will be required. Here, 14 tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers were developed from L. elongata through high-throughput (454) sequencing data. Twenty-four individuals of the species were genotyped using these markers. All of the loci displayed a high level of polymorphism with the number of alleles per locus ranged from 7 to 23, polymorphism information content ranged from 0.650 to 0.943. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.609 to 1.000 and from 0.699 to 0.967, respectively. These markers provide an excellent toolkit to study population genetic structure and would benefit the conservation of this species.     

Clinical features and surgical outcomes of intramedullary schwannomas

Object

Intramedullary schwannomas are exceedingly rare. Most previous studies are case reports with an associated literature review. The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical features and the outcomes of microsurgery for these rare lesions.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the data of twenty patients with intramedullary schwannomas. All patients had performed preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and underwent microsurgery. The diagnosis of intramedullary schwannomas was based on radiological and pathological criteria. Modified McCormick classification was applied to assess neurological function.

Results

There were 15 males and five females with a mean age of 44.7 years. Ten tumors were located in the cervical cord, five in the thoracic cord, two in the cervicothoracic cord, two in the thoracolumbar cord and one in the conus medullaris. Patients presented with nonspecific symptoms and the mean duration of symptoms was 37.4 months. Intraoperatively, the tumor was connected to the dorsal rootlet in four cases. Gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor with a well-demarcated dissection plane was achieved in 16 cases, and subtotal resection (STR) was achieved in four cases. No patients received postoperative radiotherapy. During a mean follow-up period of 67.9 months, no recurrence or regrowth of the residual tumors was observed on MRI. Ninety percent of patients experienced an improvement in the McCormick grade and 10 % of patients maintained their preoperative status.

Conclusions

Intramedullary schwannomas are benign but clinically progressive lesions. The accurate diagnosis depends on pathology. For symptomatic patients, early surgery should be performed before neurological deficits deteriorate. When GTR cannot be achieved, STR of the tumor for decompression is advised. Postoperative radiotherapy is not recommended for these benign tumors. A good clinical outcome after GTR or STR can be expected.     

孕激素治疗月经期癫痫的临床证据评价

目的 采用循证医学方法评价孕激素治疗月经期癫痫的疗效和药物不良反应,为月经期癫痫提供有循证依据的最佳治疗方案。方法 以月经期癫痫痫（catamenial epilepsy）、药物治疗（drugtherapy）、孕激素（progesterone）、四氢孕酮（allopregnanolone）、系统评价（systematic review）、随机对照试验（randomized controlled trials）等中英文词汇为检索词,分别检索万方数据库、维普期刊资源整合服务平台、中国知网中国知识基础设施工程、英国Cochrane图书馆、美国国立医学图书馆、Google学术搜索等国内外数据库,获得系统评价、随机对照试验、开放性试验、前瞻性或回顾性病例分析研究、病例观察研究和综述等文献,采用Jadad量表质量标准评价文献质量。结果 经筛选共纳入孕激素治疗月经期癫痫相关英文文献18篇,包括系统评价1篇、随机对照试验3篇、开放性试验1篇、前瞻性病例研究2篇、病例随访研究1篇、综述10篇。其中10篇为高质量文献（评分≥4分）,8篇为低质量文献（评分〈4分）。对各项临床试验治疗原则以及疗效和安全性评价显示：（1）孕激素作为抗癫痫药物的添加方案治疗月经期癫痫,可显著减少月经期癫痫发作频率,且安全性和耐受性良好。（2）天然孕激素和人工合成孕激素均可用于月经期癫痫的治疗。（3）孕激素治疗月经期癫痫的方式包括周期性孕激素治疗和抑制治疗,以前者更常用。结论 借助循证医学评价方法可为孕激素治疗月经期癫痫提供最佳临床证据。     

老年脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性及预后分析

目的：分析老年脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性及预后的关系。方法选取100例老年脑梗死患者作为观察组和100例同期非脑梗死患者作为对照组,观察和比较2组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况、治疗前和治疗3个月、6个月后神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS评分）和日常生活活动能力评分（Barthel指数评分）。结果2组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率分别为86％和17％,观察组显著高于对照组（ P＜0.05）,观察组软斑和混合斑的比例显著高于对照组（ P＜0.05）,无斑块比例显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;重型患者中有软斑和混合斑的比例显著高于中型患者（P＜0.05）,中型患者显著高于轻型患者（P＜0.05）;轻型患者中无斑块和有硬斑患者比例显著高于中型和重型患者（ P＜0.05）;有软斑和混合斑患者治疗前和治疗后3个月、6个月的NIHSS评分显著高于有硬斑患者（P＜0.05）,有硬斑患者治疗前和治疗后3个月、6个月的NIHSS评分显著高于无斑块患者（P＜0.05）,有硬斑和无斑块患者在治疗3个月、6个月的Barthel指数评分显著高于有软斑和混合斑的患者（P＜0.05）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成是与老年脑梗死发病具有相关性的危险因素,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的类型与患者的病情具有相关性,有软斑和混合斑患者的神经功能损害和生活能力缺失症状更加严重、预后情况更差,有硬班和无斑块患者的神经功能损害症状较轻,预后情况较好。     

Transfection of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene promotes neuronal differentiation简

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor recombinant adenovirus vector-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells using inductive medium containing retinoic acid and epidermal growth factor. Cell viability, micro- tubule-associated protein 2-positive cell ratio, and the expression levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor and growth-associated protein-43 protein in the su- pernatant were significantly higher in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor/bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared with empty virus plasmid-transfected bone marrow mes- enchymal stem cells. Furthermore, microtubule-associated protein 2, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor and growth-associated protein743 mRNA levels in cell pellets were statistically higher in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor/bone marrow mesen- chymal stem cells compared with empty virus plasmid-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These results suggest that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor/bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have a higher rate of induction into neuron-like cells, and this enhanced differentiation into neuron-like cells may be associated with up-regulated expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor and growth-associated protein-43.     

Increased expression of Notch1 in temporal lobe epilepsy: animal models and clinical evidence

Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with astrogliosis. Notchl signaling can induce astrogliosis in glioma. However, it remains unknown whether Notchl signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. This study investigated the presence of Notchl, hairy and enhancer of split-l, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the temporal neocortex and hippocampus of lithium-pilocar- pine-treated rats. The presence of Notchl and hairy and enhancer of split-1 was also explored in brain tissues of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Quantitative electroencephalo- gram analysis and behavioral observations were used as auxiliary measures. Results revealed that the presence of Notchl, hairy and enhancer of split-l, and glial fibriUary acidic protein were en- hanced in status epilepticus and vehicle-treated spontaneous recurrent seizures rats, but remain unchanged in the following groups： control, absence of either status epilepticus or spontaneous recurrent seizures, and zileuton-treated spontaneous recurrent seizures. Compared with patient control cases, the presences of Notch1 and hairy and enhancer of split- 1 were upregulated in the temporal neocortex of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Therefore, these results suggest that Notchl signaling may play an important role in the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy via astrogliosis. Furthermore, zileuton may be a potential therapeutic strategy for temporal lobe epilepsy by blocking Notchl signaling.     

Genes in the serotonin pathway are associated with bipolar affective disorder in a Han Chinese population

Serotonin plays an important role in mood regulation, but the involvement of serotonin pathway genes in the development of bipolar I disorder (BP-I), a mood disorder, is not clear. We selected 21 singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the HTR2A gene, 8 within the SLC6A4 gene and 23 within the TPH2 gene for genotyping using the GoldenGate genotyping assay. A total of 375 patients with BP-I and 475 normal controls were recruited. Two out of 21 SNPs (rs1475196 and rs9567747) in the HTR2A gene and 1/23 SNPs (rs17110566) in the TPH2 gene were significantly associated with BP-I, both genotype-wise and allele-wise. Furthermore, a specific haplotype in the HTR2A gene showed a significant association with BP-I. Our results indicate that the HTR2A and TPH2 genes in the serotonin pathway play important roles in susceptibility to BP-I.