雷公藤多苷治疗儿童重症紫癜性肾炎的临床观察

目的 观察雷公藤多苷治疗儿童重症紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）的有效性及安全性.方法 25例糖皮质激素治疗4周尿蛋白仍未转阴的重症HSPN患儿（年龄6~15岁）应用雷公藤多苷1 mg/（kg·d）,分次口服,疗程3～6个月.观察尿蛋白转阴时间及肾功能情况,并于雷公藤多苷治疗前、治疗1～2个月及停药后4周内动态观察血常规、肝肾功能、心肌酶、性激素及心电图的变化.结果 25例患儿中22例于用药4周内尿蛋白转阴,4~12周内转阴,1例用药15周时转阴,总有效率100%.雷公藤多苷治疗过程中及停药后血白细胞计数均值均较治疗前降低[（8.6±2.8）×109/L,（8.0±2.8）×109/L比（11.3±3.4）×109/L]（P〈0.05）;血红蛋白、血小板计数、心肌酶、肾功能指标治疗前后均在正常范围内,且差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）.治疗过程中仅2例患儿出现丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶轻度升高,停药后恢复正常;2例患儿出现心电图异常：1例左心室高电压,1例结性并行心律,停药后随访阶段恢复正常.未发现对血液、肾脏功能及对性激素水平的明显影响.结论 雷公藤多苷1 mg/（kg·d）、疗程3～6个月应用于儿童重症HSPN的治疗具有良好的疗效及安全性.     

Interaction mechanism of olaparib binding to human serum albumin investigated with NMR relaxation data and computational methods

The interaction mechanism between olaparib (OLA) and human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated using experimental and computational techniques. An NMR relaxation approach based on the analysis of proton selective and non-selective spin–lattice relaxation rates at different temperatures can provide quantitative information about the affinity index and the thermodynamic equilibrium constant of the OLA–HSA system. The affinity index and the thermodynamic equilibrium constant decreased as temperature increased, indicating that the interactions between OLA and HSA could be weakened as temperature increased. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that OLA stably bound to subdomain II (site 1), and OLA could induce the conformational and micro-environmental changes in HSA. CD results suggested that α-helix content decreased after OLA was added, demonstrating that OLA affected the secondary structure of HSA.

The interaction mechanism between olaparib (OLA) and human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated using experimental and computational techniques.     

An electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocomposite fibrous mat with a high content of hydroxyapatite to promote cell infiltration

Electrospun polymer/inorganic biomimetic nanocomposite scaffolds have emerged for use in a new strategy for bone regeneration. In this study, a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposite mat with a HAp content as high as 60% was prepared via one-step electrospinning using trifluoroethanol as the solvent, and it has superior dispersibility and spinnability. The structure and physicochemical properties of the scaffolds were studied using scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of HAp in the composite PCL fibers. The results of cell culturing suggested that the incorporation of HAp with PCL could regulate the cytoskeleton and the differentiation of cells. More interestingly, the high content of HAp was also found to be conducive to the infiltration of MC-3T3 cells into the mat. The results indicated the potential of PCL/HAp scaffolds as a promising substitute for bone regeneration.

PCL nanofibers with 60% HAp content were fabricated, and the presence of HAp regulated cell morphology to enhance cell infiltration.     

A High‐Sensitivity Coumarin‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells

A novel coumarin‐based fluorescence probe has been constructed for the selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). This probe displays high sensitivity and linearity to H₂S in degassed PBS buffers and fetal bovine serum. It reacts with H₂S with high selectivity over Cys, GSH, and other anions. Meanwhile, successful detection of H₂S in living cells was also demonstrated.     

Hydrogen evolution from silicon nanowire surfaces

This paper presents the study on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of the silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based surfaces. Large-area SiNWs with different lengths were fabricated on the silicon surfaces by a cost effective and scalable wet-etching method. The SiNW-based surfaces promoted the photoelectrocatalytical performance of the electrodes due to the increased effective surface area for electrolyte diffusion and the fast release of hydrogen bubbles that formed on the electrodes. In addition, at different applied potentials, the nanostructured electrodes showed different behaviour that depended on the SiNWs'' with different lengths and morphologies. For example, surfaces with longer SiNWs performed better in the low potential region, while surfaces with shorter SiNWs presented improved performance in the high potential region. The findings in this study provide new insights into designing electrodes with desired nanostructures for improved HER performance.

This paper presents the study on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of the silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based surfaces.     

Noninherited Factors in Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases Based on Bayesian Network: A Large Multicenter Study

Background: Current studies have confirmed that fetal congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are caused by various factors. However, the quantitative risk of CHD is not clear given the combined effects of multiple factors. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to detect associated factors of fetal CHD using a Bayesian network in a large sample and quantitatively analyze relative risk ratios (RRs). Methods: Pregnant women who underwent fetal echocardiography (N = 16,086 including 3,312 with CHD fetuses) were analyzed. Twenty-six maternal and fetal factors were obtained. A Bayesian network is constructed based on all variables through structural learning and parameter learning methods to find the environmental factors that directly and indirectly associated with outcome, and the probability of fetal CHD in the two groups is predicted through a junction tree reasoning algorithm, so as to obtain RR for fetal CHD under different exposure factor combinations. Taking into account the effect of gestational week on the accuracy of model prediction, we conducted sensitivity analysis on gestational week groups. Results: The single-factor analysis showed that the RRs for the numbers of births, spontaneous abortions, and parental smoking were 1.50, 1.38, and 1.11 (P < 0.001), respectively. The risk gradually increased with the synergistic effect of ranging from one to more environmental factors above. The risk was higher among subjects with five synergistic factors, including the number of births, upper respiratory tract infection during early pregnancy, anemia, and mental stress as well as a history of spontaneous abortions or parental smoking, than in those with less than 5 factors (RR = 2.62 or 2.28, P < 0.001). This result was consistent across the participants grouped by GWs. Conclusion: We identified six factors that were directly associated with fetal CHD. A higher number of these factors led to a higher risk of CHD. These findings suggest that it is important to strengthen healthcare and prenatal counseling for women with these factors.