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141.
Peng‐Yuan Liu Yue‐Juan Qin Robert R. Recker Hong‐Wen Deng 《American journal of human biology》2004,16(1):68-77
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem defined as a loss of bone strength, of which bone size is an important determinant. In the present study, familial correlation and segregation analyses for the spine and hip bone sizes were performed for the first time in a Chinese sample composed of 393 nuclear families with a total of 1,193 individuals. The results indicate a major gene of codominant inheritance for spine bone size; however, there is no evidence of a major gene influencing hip bone size. Significant familial residual effects are found for both traits, suggesting their polygenic inheritance. Heritability estimates (±SE) for spine and hip bone size were 0.62 (0.13) and 0.59 (0.12), respectively. Sex and age differences in genotype‐specific average bone size were observed. Compared with our previous study on bone mineral density (BMD) in the same population, this study suggests that genetic determination of bone size may be different from that of BMD, and thus studying bone size as one surrogate phenotype for osteoporotic fractures may be necessary. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:68–77, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
142.
单宁酸—金属盐联用媒染脑血管的研究 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18
用2%多聚甲醛,2%戊二醛配伍不同浓度的单宁酸媒染固定液灌流大鼠,取服切片,放入2%氯化铁溶液中呈色,成功地显示了脑内各级血管及毛细血管网的形貌。高倍镜下可见各级血管呈空心管道状,基僻赤多条细纤维丝状结构编织或呈同心圆状排列而成,具有较强的立体感。 相似文献
143.
目的:探讨血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)在低氧肺动脉高压血管构形重建发生中的作用。方法:应用免疫组化技术结合计算机图像分析,检测了低氧大鼠腺泡内肺动脉(IAPA)PDGF-B链蛋白表达水平。结果:常氧时,IAPA仅有PDGF-B链蛋白弱表达;低氧1天时,IAPA便有较强的PDGF-B链蛋白表达,定位于IAPA的内皮和中膜,低氧3天至14天仅分布于中膜;低氧1、3、5、7、14天各时间点PDGF-B链蛋白表达分别为常氧组的1.53、1.59、1.56、1.62和1.42倍,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:PDGF-B链蛋白可能参与了低氧肺动脉高压血管构形重建的发病过程 相似文献
144.
人胚胎肺内神经内分泌细胞电镜观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用透射电镜对不同胎龄的人胚胎肺内神经内分泌细胞进行了发生和超微结构观察。肺内支气管上皮内未分化细胞,第八周开始向神经内分泌细胞转化,提示神经内分泌细胞对早期胚胎肺的发生、发育有特殊意义。神经内分泌细胞内致密核心小泡(DCV)及其它与内分泌活动有关的各种细胞器发达。能见到P0细胞、P1细胞、P2细胞及P3细胞等四种类型的神经内分泌细胞。P0细胞的发生及分化程度表明它可能是一种前细胞,它可以进一步转化 相似文献
145.
Our knowledge about aging modulation of the central motor system remains sparse and contradictory. In the current study, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to study the aging influence on regional homogeneity of the motor-related brain areas in the resting state. We found that regional homogeneity in extensive motor regions, like the cingulate motor area, cerebellum, primary motor cortex, premotor area, supplementary motor area, thalamus, globus pallidus and putamen was significantly decreased in aged subjects. Our study indicates that normal aging process may disrupt the function of motor areas in the resting state, which may contribute to the declined motor ability in aged population. 相似文献
146.
Recombinant antibody cloning and phage display technologies were used to produce single-chain antibodies (scFv) against Clostridium difficile toxin B. The starting material was the mouse B cell hybridoma line 5A8, which generates a monoclonal antibody against the toxin. The integrated cloning, screening, and phage display system of Krebber et al. (J. Immunol. Methods 201:35-55, 1997) allowed us to rapidly obtain toxin B-binding scFv sequences derived from the hybridoma cell line. The best candidate scFv sequences, based on preliminary enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening data were then subcloned into the compatible expression vector. Recombinant single-chain antibodies were expressed in Escherichia coli. A 29-kDa band was observed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as predicted. The expressed product was characterized by immunoblotting and detection with an anti-FLAG antibody. The toxin B-binding function of the single-chain antibody was shown by a sandwich ELISA. The antibody was highly specific for toxin B and did not cross-react with material isolated from a toxin B-negative C. difficile strain. The sensitivity of the soluble single-chain antibody is significantly higher than the original monoclonal antibody based on ELISA data and could detect a minimum of 10 ng of toxin B/well. Competitive ELISAs established that the affinity of the 5A8 parent antibody and the best representative (clone 10) of the single-chain antibodies were similar and in the range of 10(-8) M. We propose that recombinant antibody technology is a rapid and effective approach to the development of the next generation of immunodiagnostic reagents. 相似文献
147.
A Monte Carlo based treatment planning system for modulated electron radiation therapy (MERT) is presented. This new variation of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) utilizes an electron multileaf collimator (eMLC) to deliver non-uniform intensity maps at several electron energies. In this way, conformal dose distributions are delivered to irregular targets located a few centimetres below the surface while sparing deeper-lying normal anatomy. Planning for MERT begins with Monte Carlo generation of electron beamlets. Electrons are transported with proper in-air scattering and the dose is tallied in the phantom for each beamlet. An optimized beamlet plan may be calculated using inverse-planning methods. Step-and-shoot leaf sequences are generated for the intensity maps and dose distributions recalculated using Monte Carlo simulations. Here, scatter and leakage from the leaves are properly accounted for by transporting electrons through the eMLC geometry. The weights for the segments of the plan are re-optimized with the leaf positions fixed and bremsstrahlung leakage and electron scatter doses included. This optimization gives the final optimized plan. It is shown that a significant portion of the calculation time is spent transporting particles in the leaves. However, this is necessary since optimizing segment weights based on a model in which leaf transport is ignored results in an improperly optimized plan with overdosing of target and critical structures. A method of rapidly calculating the bremsstrahlung contribution is presented and shown to be an efficient solution to this problem. A homogeneous model target and a 2D breast plan are presented. The potential use of this tool in clinical planning is discussed. 相似文献
148.
149.
150.
Ueno T Tremblay J Kunes J Zicha J Dobesova Z Pausova Z Deng AY Sun YL Jacob HJ Hamet P 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2003,81(1):51-60
Acute pharmacogenetic analysis was carried out in an intercross F2 population derived from Prague hypertensive-hypertriglyceridemic and Lewis rats. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was performed for baseline blood pressure (BP) and for BP after blockade of the renin-angiotensin system by losartan, of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) by pentolinium, and of the nitric oxide system by N(G)-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester. Two significant loci for baseline BP were found on chromosome (Chr) 3 (logarithm of likelihood, LOD, 3.8) and Chr 5 (LOD 3.6), and one suggestive locus on Chr 1 (LOD 2.7). The QTL on Chr 3 persisted after treatment with the three agents while the QTL on Chr 5 and Chr 1 disappeared after pentolinium administration. This suggests independence of the locus on Chr 3 from each acute BP regulatory system examined, whereas the loci on Chr 5 and Chr 1 appeared to be controlled mainly by the SNS. Although not apparent at baseline, a significant locus appeared on Chr 8 (LOD 7.0) after blockade of the SNS, and NO system blockade led to the appearance of a new QTL on Chr 1 (LOD 3.6), indicating the contribution of the inhibited systems to these loci. Pharmacogenetic dissection of the BP trait is a powerful tool to unravel the underlying physiological mechanisms of QTL affecting baseline BP and to identify specific QTL for the response to drugs. This pharmocogenetic approach enabled us to determine the main causative acute BP regulatory systems and should lead to better selection of suitable antihypertensive drugs for individual patients. 相似文献