神经重症患者非惊厥性癫痫持续状态的早期预防及分步治疗研究进展

神经重症监护病房的患者通常具有非惊厥性癫痫持续状态发作的高风险,但其症状通常不典型,常导致诊断和治疗延迟,使发生非惊厥性癫痫持续状态患者的残疾率、病死率增加。目前连续脑电图的使用推动了非惊厥性癫痫持续状态的早期识别,并提出了治疗的分步方法。笔者总结了神经重症监护病房中非惊厥性癫痫持续状态早期预防及当前的治疗进展,并概述了进一步研究的领域。     

The role of pioneer neurons in the development of mouse visual cortex and corpus callosum

The primordial plexiform neuropil is very critical to neocortical development. The pioneer neurons, mainly Cajal-Retzius cells in the marginal zone, and subplate neurons in the subplate, differentiate from the primordial plexiform neuropil. In this study, the development of corpus callosum, visual cortex, and subcortical pathways has been observed in C57BL/6 mice with various methods, such as DiI labeling in vitro and in vivo, DiI and DiA in vitro double labeling, immunocytochemistry, and in vivo BrdU and Fast Blue labeling. As early as E14, the primordial plexiform neuropil can be found in the telencephalic wall, and it contains many pioneer neurons. On E15 the primordial plexiform neuropil differentiates into the marginal zone and the subplate. Cajal-Retzius cells exist in the marginal zone, and subplate neurons are in the subplate. Either Cajal-Retzius cells or subplate neurons have long projections toward the ganglionic eminence, suggesting that they migrate tangentially from the ganglionic eminence. Cajal-Retzius cells are involved in radial migration, and subplate neurons participate to guide pathfinding of subcortical pathways. This study reveals how the pioneer neurons, through radial and tangential migration, play an important role in neocortical formation and in the pathfinding of the corpus callosum and subcortical pathways. Furthermore, DiI labeling in vivo has demonstrated the presence of pioneer neurons all along the corpus callosum pathway, especially in the midline. This suggests that pioneer neurons may also play a role in guiding the pathfinding of the corpus callosum. Accepted: 31 July 2001     

血管透明化与粒子图像测速技术在旁路血管内血流流场研究中的应用

探索采用血管透明化技术结合粒子图像测速技术(PIV)来研究搭桥血管内血流流场的可行性.结果显示血管透明化技术能完整地保留搭桥血管段在体内的真实立体几何构形,从而更准确地反应搭桥血管段在体内的血流流场,而PIV能很好地获得血流流场的信息.因此,将血管透明化技术与PIV相结合有可能使我们对旁路搭桥术后血管内膜增生的血流动力学成因进行更深入地研究.     

Preparation and characterization of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate/collagen composites with an integrated structure

Porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/collagen composites with different beta-TCP/collagen weight ratio were prepared. The influences of the preparation conditions on the microstructure of porous composite and the joint status of beta-TCP particles with collagen fibrils were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed: (1) an acid treatment could effectively disassemble collagen fibrils; (2) in the resulting porous composites, beta-TCP particles homogenously existed on the skeleton of the collagen fibril network and bonded tightly to both the fibrils and themselves. The tight bonding formation could be due to the reaction between Ca ions in the particles and carboxyl groups in collagen polypeptide chains and due to the reprecipitation of partially dissolved beta-TCP during synthesis. The tight bonding between beta-TCP particles and collagen fibrils in the composites demonstrated an integrated structure, which was reproducible when beta-TCP/collagen ratio ranged from 2 to 4. Such integrated structure would make significant contributions in reliably tailoring properties of the porous composites by varying beta-TCP content. In addition, the porous composites had large porosity (approximately 95%) and appropriate pore size (approximately 100 microm), showed no negative impact in cytotoxicity assay and complete bone tissue regeneration after 12 weeks in animal test.     

生后人肺神经内分泌细胞的形态学观察—免疫组织化学及电镜研究

用银染色法、免疫组织化学及透射电镜技术，对３６例人肺的神经内分泌细胞进行了形态学和免疫组织化学观察。提示ＮＥ细胞发生了废用性退化，其原因可能与出生前后人肺功能改变有关。     

与眶下神经相关的初级传入纤维终末的溃变、非突触部位胞吐及突触联系

切断眶下神经的各组大鼠存活2～30天后分别杀死,于其三叉神经尾侧脊束核胶状质亚核内观察了一级传入纤维轴突终末的溃变过程.非突触部位胞吐及突触联系.结果发现:(1)眶下神经的跨节溃变、以突触小泡聚集、融合、空泡形成为主要特征,无微丝增生现象:(2)部分溃变终末内的线粒体明显肿胀变暗.呈球形改变:(3)大致密核心小泡的溃变时间远滞后于突触小泡.两者并不同步进行;(4)轴突终未在溃变过程中,其内的大致密核心小泡仍然进行非突触部位胞吐;(5)溃变纤维终末于胶状质内分别形成轴一树、轴一体、轴一轴三种类型的突触、并参与了突触复合体的形成.     

Physical Deletion of the p53 Gene in Bladder Cancer: Detection by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization

To understand better the role of physical p53 deletion in bladder cancer, 106 formalin-fixed and 45 unfixed bladder tumors were examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Probes for centromere 17 and the p53 locus were hybridized simultaneously to interphase tumor cells to analyze p53 and chromosome 17 copy number on a cell by cell basis. 17p deletion was found in four of 43 pTa tumors, 18 of 43 pT1 tumors and 29 of 58 pT2-4 tumors (P = 0.0001). 17p deletion was also highly correlated with grade (P = 0.0001) and with p53 immunostaining (P = 0.0005). Chromosome 17 polysomy was associated with stage, grade, 17p deletions, and p53 immunostaining (P = 0.0001). The strong difference in centromere 17 copy number and 17p deletions between pTa and pT1 tumors supports a relevant biological distinction between pTa and pT1 tumors.     

Anticocaine catalytic antibodies

Cocaine mediates its reinforcing and toxic actions through a "loss of function" effect at multiple receptors. The difficulties inherent in blocking a pleiotropic blocker pose a great obstacle for the classical receptor-antagonist approach and have contributed to the failure (to date) to devise specific treatments for cocaine overdose and addiction. As an alternative, we have embarked on an investigation of catalytic antibodies, a programmable class of artificial enzyme, as "peripheral blockers" -- agents designed to bind and degrade cocaine in the circulation before it partitions into the central nervous system to exert reinforcing or toxic effects. We synthesized transition-state analogs of cocaine's hydrolysis at its benzoyl ester, immunized mice, prepared hybridomas and developed the first anticocaine catalytic antibodies with the capacity to degrade cocaine to nonreinforcing, nontoxic products. We subsequently identified several families of anticocaine catalytic antibodies and found that the most potent antibody possessed sufficient activity to block cocaine-induced reinforcement, organ dysfunction and sudden death in rodent models of addiction, toxicity and overdose, respectively. With the potential to promote cessation of use, prolong abstinence and provide a treatment for acute overdose, the artificial enzyme approach comprehensively responds to the problem of cocaine.