FS03.4Irritant dermatitis following tape stripping

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a SLS toothpaste formulation with and without betaine on skin and oral mucosa using electrical bioimpedance (IMP). Two groups, in total 47 participants, were recruited. In the skin group (27 participants) four test sites on the volar forearms were used: SLS paste, SLS + betaine paste, betaine paste, and one unoccluded control site. In the oral group (20 participants) the same toothpaste formulations were used. The test substances were applied in 12 mm Finn chambers for 24 hours at randomised test sites on the skin, and in 18 mm Finn chambers for 15 minutes on the oral mucosa. Visual examination and readings with IMP were taken before application and 24 hours after removal of the chambers for the skin, and for the oral mucosa before and 15 minutes after exposure. Information was extracted from the impedance spectra using four indices based on magnitude and phase at 2 frequencies, emphasising different aspects of the impedance properties of the tissues. The SLS‐containing pastes showed for both skin and oral mucosa some positive visual grade 1 reactions. Significant changes were found for the impedance indices, and the reaction patterns of the indices differed between the skin and the oral mucosa. We conclude that very slight reactions of skin and oral mucosa are detected by IMP. Furthermore, betaine containing toothpaste does not irritate neither skin nor oral mucosa, but the effect together with SLS is insignificant.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic collateral arterial supply

Haepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy, representing the fifth most common cancer in the world. Without treatment, the median survival of HCC patients has been reported to be 8 weeks from symptomatic presentation. Transarterial chemoembolisation is widely used to manage unresectable HCCs. However, when a tumour is large or locates near the liver capsule, it may receive supplies from vessels other than hepatic arteries. In this paper, we discuss the anatomy of possible extrahepatic collateral arterial supplies of HCCs.     

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. surgical approach using a transoral Le Fort I osteotomy following embolization: a case report

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (NA) is a rare vascular benign nonencapsulated neoplasm, characterized by local aggressiveness and destructive potential, typically diagnosed in adolescent males. We report a case of NA affecting a 15-year-old male that presented with a persistent nasal obstruction and epistaxis with 1 year of evolution. Clinical and radiological patterns pointed out a differential diagnosis of NA. Arteriography demonstrates the vascular support of the tumor and evinces the embolization of the internal maxillary artery. The surgical approach was procedure by Le Fort I osteotomy exposing the tumor and promoting easy access for posterior removal. The surgery was carried out without hemorrhagic problems. The maxilla was fixed in the original position with 4 L-shape plaques. Histopathological findings supported the diagnosis of NA. The patient presented after 8 months of postoperative follow-up, without clinical signs of recurrence or residual tumor and without palatal or maxillary teeth paresthesia.     

Postoperative annular pseudocyst: report of two cases with an unusual complication after microdiscectomy, and successful treatment by percutaneous aspiration and steroid injection

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: After microdiscectomy for extruded disc fragments, patients may develop recurrent symptoms from numerous causes. Postoperative annular pseudocysts represent a unique entity not previously described in the medical literature. PURPOSE: To report unique imaging findings in two patients who presented with recurrent radiculopathic symptoms after microdiscectomy. To report successful percutaneous aspiration and steroid injection in one of these cases. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Report of two cases. METHODS: Two patients underwent preoperative imaging with noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postoperative imaging with pre- and postcontrast MRI. One of these patients underwent therapeutic computed tomography (CT)-guided aspiration and injection. RESULTS: MRI demonstrated T2 hyperintense and enhancing collections, which conformed to the shape of the resected disc fragment and communicated with the disc annulus. One of these cases demonstrated enlargement over several months with worsening of symptoms. Aspiration of the lesion produced thick fluid. The patient experienced marked relief of symptoms after the aspiration and injection of steroid into the lesion. CONCLUSIONS: The unique imaging findings in these patients represent a previously undescribed complication of microdiscectomy, which we have termed "postoperative annular pseudocyst." We have successfully treated one case with CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and injection.     

Disseminated bacille Calmette�CGu��rin disease in HIV-infected South African infants

Objective

To determine the population-based incidence of disseminated bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) disease in HIV-infected infants (aged ≤ 1 year) in a setting with a high burden of tuberculosis and HIV infection coupled with a well-functioning programme for the prevention of HIV infection in infants.

Methods

The numerator, or number of new cases of disseminated BCG disease, was derived from multicentre surveillance data collected prospectively on infants with a confirmed HIV infection during 2004–2006. The denominator, or total number of HIV-infected infants who were BCG-vaccinated, was derived from population-based estimates of the number of live infants and from reported maternal HIV infection prevalence, vertical HIV transmission rates and BCG vaccination rates.

Findings

The estimated incidences of disseminated BCG disease per 100 000 BCG-vaccinated, HIV-infected infants were as follows: 778 (95% confidence interval, CI: 361–1319) in 2004 (vertical HIV transmission rate: 10.4%); 1300 (95% CI: 587–2290) in 2005 (transmission rate: 6.1%); and 1013 (95% CI: 377–1895) in 2006 (transmission rate: 5.4%). The pooled incidence over the study period was 992 (95% CI: 567–1495) per 100 000.

Conclusion

Multicentre surveillance data showed that the risk of disseminated BCG disease in HIV-infected infants is considerably higher than previously estimated, although likely to be under-estimated. There is an urgent need for data on the risk–benefit ratio of BCG vaccination in HIV-infected infants to inform decision-making in settings where HIV infection and tuberculosis burdens are high. Safe and effective tuberculosis prevention strategies are needed for HIV-infected infants.     

Molecular basis for the lack of T cell proliferation induced by an altered peptide ligand

In this report, we explore the mechanisms underlying cell cycle progression in T cells stimulated with an altered peptide ligand (APL) versus wild-type peptide. APL stimulation did not induce proliferation compared to wild-type peptide stimulation. To determine the point at which cell cycle progression is blocked, we have examined molecules responsible for regulating the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product, pRb, which in its active state prevents G1/S progression. The majority of cells stimulated with an APL did not progress beyond G1; however, a small population did make the G1/S transition. These few cells passed the late G1 restriction point, divided and subsequently arrested at the next G1 phase. The lack of sustained signaling events following stimulation with an APL failed to induce cyclin E:cdk2 activity, a regulator which hyper-phosphorylates and inactivates pRb. Exogenous IL-2 addition did not compensate for the lack of proliferation following APL stimulation. Furthermore, the inability of the cells to enter S phase during partial T cell activation cannot be accounted for by p27Kip1 inhibition of cyclin E:cdk2 complexes. Upon APL stimulation, an increase in association of p27Kip1 with cyclin E:cdk2 complex was not observed, suggesting that instead, decreased cyclin E:cdk complex formation might contribute to the failure to progress from G1/S. Therefore, while for a majority of cells, wild-type stimulation results in cell cycle progression, APL stimulation is not sufficient to drive cells beyond G1.      

硝普钠的光解分析法及其在透皮吸收研究中的应用

依据已报告的光解分析法原理,建立了定量分析硝普钠的方法。在光源照射下,硝普钠溶液在394nm处吸收度增加属非线性动力学,但对一定浓度溶液,吸收度增量对浓度呈直线关系;无论光照30min或60min,依据△A₃₉₄都能准确地定量。本文方法线性范围50～1000mg/L,日内变异系数<1.9%;日间变异系数<2.6%,回收率99.0～100.1%。共存的少量血清蛋白、十八醇、维生素B₁₂、丙二醇、氮酮以及间硝苯啶、尼群地平、维拉帕米等均不干扰测定。方法已成功地用于透皮吸收剂的研究。