Upregulation of P2X3 receptors by neuronal calcium sensor protein VILIP-1 in dorsal root ganglions contributes to the bone cancer pain in rats

Primary and metastatic cancers that affect bone are frequently associated with severe and intractable pain. The mechanisms underlying the development of bone cancer pain are largely unknown. In this study, we first demonstrated that a functional upregulation of P2X3 receptors in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons is closely associated with the neuronal hyperexcitability and the cancer-induced bone pain in MRMT-1 tumor cell–inoculated rats. Second, we revealed that visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), a member of visinin-like proteins that belong to the family of neuronal calcium sensor proteins is responsible for the observed upregulation of P2X3 receptors in DRG neurons. The interaction between the amino terminus of VLIP-1 and the carboxyl terminus of the P2X3 receptor is critical for the surface expression and functional enhancement of the receptor. Finally, overexpression of VILIP-1 increases the expression of functional P2X3 receptors and enhances the neuronal excitability in naive rat DRG neurons. In contrast, knockdown of VILIP-1 inhibits the development of bone cancer pain via downregulation of P2X3 receptors and repression of DRG excitability in MRMT-1 rats. Taken together, these results suggest that functional upregulation of P2X3 receptors by VILIP-1 in DRG neurons contributes to the development of cancer-induced bone pain in MRMT-1 rats. Hence, P2X3 receptors and VILIP-1 could serve as potential targets for therapeutic interventions in cancer patients for pain management. Pharmacological blockade of P2X3 receptors or knockdown of VILIP-1 in DRGs would be used as innovative strategies for the treatment of bone cancer pain.     

大鼠实验性心肌肥厚与心肌5-羟色胺含量的相关性

观察大鼠发生心肌肥厚时心肌组织中 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)及血管紧张素 Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ )含量的变化 ,探讨 5 HT ,Ang Ⅱ与心肌肥厚发生的关系 .采用腹主动脉缩窄法建立压力超负荷心肌肥厚模型 ;注射甲状腺素 (0 .4mg·kg- 1,ip ,每日 1次 ,连续 2～ 4周 )法建立体液性心肌肥厚模型 ;分别用荧光分光光度法和放射免疫分析法测定 5 HT及Ang Ⅱ含量 .分别于主动脉缩窄后 4 ,6,8周 ,注射甲状腺素 2 ,3,4周检测 ,结果显示心肌肥厚程度逐渐加重 ;心肌组织中 5 HT及Ang Ⅱ含量也逐渐增加 ,并且 5 HT含量增加与肥厚程度呈正相关 .结果提示 5 HT与心肌肥厚的形成有关 ,两者之间的相互关系尚待进一步研究 .     

Human macrophages promote the motility and invasiveness of osteopontin-knockdown tumor cells

Increasing evidence indicates that macrophages in tumor stroma can significantly modify the malignant phenotypes of tumors. Osteopontin (OPN) is frequently overexpressed in cancers with high metastatic capacity and, thus, has been considered as a potential therapeutic target. To find out whether macrophages can affect the outcome of OPN-knockdown tumor cells, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to stably silence the OPN expression in the highly invasive human hepatoma cell line SK-Hep-1. Silencing of OPN markedly decreased the motility and invasiveness of the SK-Hep-1 cells. Further studies using this cell model revealed that coculture with human macrophages or macrophage-conditioned medium largely restored the migration and invasion potential of OPN-knockdown tumor cells. Moreover, such macrophage-promoted motility can be effectively blocked either by the addition of OPN-neutralizing antibody to the cocultured medium or by silencing OPN expression in macrophages. These results indicate that macrophage-derived OPN can compensate for the decrease of OPN and thereby restore the metastatic potential of OPN-knockdown tumor cells. Further characterization of the underlying mechanisms disclosed that macrophage-derived OPN exerted its function independently of the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement or the activation of matrix metalloproteinase and Rho families. Our results suggest that there are fine-tuned complex interactions between cancer cells and stroma cells, which may modify the outcome of cancer therapy, and therefore should be considered for the rational design of anticancer strategy.     

A rapid and accurate DHPLC assay for determination of apolipoprotein E genotypes

The variants of apolipoprotein E (apoE) are closely related to hyperlipidemia III, Alzheimer's disease (AD), coronary artery disease (CAD) and many other human lipid metabolism-related problems. A rapid and accurate genotyping method specific for polymorphisms of the APOE gene is needed for population screening as well as diagnosis of apoE-related diseases in both the research and clinical setting. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was designed to generate a 191-bp amplicon, which contains two common polymorphisms located in codons 112 and 158 of exon 4 of the APOE gene. The PCR amplicons for each sample were subjected to denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis, which was performed under partially denaturing conditions as determined by profiling the mixture of a tested sample and a homozygous standard control amplicon at the given ratio. A total of 297 DNA samples from Chinese population were enrolled to evaluate the specificity of the assay. A blinded validation study was then performed on 130 samples randomly selected from each of the six genotype groups as determined by DHPLC profiling. The genotypes obtained with the DHPLC method were in full agreement with those obtained by direct sequencing (130/130). We have developed a PCR/DHPLC genotyping assay capable of simultaneously determining all six genotypes of APOE gene in unknown test samples at one time.     

血栓性心脑血管疾病与血小板微颗粒及其膜功能蛋白表达的关系

目的: 运用以全血为标本的流式细胞仪(FCM)检测血小板微颗粒(PMP)方法,检测观察血栓性心脑血管疾病患者治疗前后PMP及其表面膜糖蛋白GPIIb/IIIa(PAC-1)及P-选择素(CD62P)的活化比率的变化;探讨PMP及PAC-1及CD62P活化比率检测在血栓性心脑血管疾病发病机制中的作用及其在病情预测和预后评价中的意义. 方法: 采用流式细胞仪分别对正常对照组、治疗前和治疗后血栓性心脑血管疾病组进行测定,分析各组PMP表达状况, CD62P, GPIIb/IIIa活化比率. 结果: ①正常对照组PMP: (65.5±9.8)/104Plt, CD62P: (3.2±0.8)%, PAC-1: (7.0±1.0)%; PMP:(64.3±8.3)/104Plt, PAC-1:(6.8±0.7)%, CD62P:(3.0±0.7)%, PMP:(64.3±8.2)/104Plt, PAC-1:(6.8±0.7)%, CD62P:(3.0±0.7)%;②血栓性心血管疾病组治疗前PMP:(209.2±21.9)/104Plt, CD62P:(54.7±7.8)%, PAC-1:(87.4±7.1)%;治疗后PMP:(117.9±11.9)/104Plt, CD62P:(25.2±6.3)%, PAC-1:(46.2±5.1)%;两者的PMP, CD62P, PAC-1水平均较正常对照组有显著性升高(P＜0.01);治疗后较治疗前有显著性下降(P＜0.01). ③血栓性脑血管疾病组治疗前PMP:(217.3±36.6)/104Plt, CD62P:(52.8±9.3)%, PAC-1:(79.9±6.8)%; 治疗后PMP:(134.2±12.9)/104Plt, CD62P:(24.3±6.1)%, PAC-1:(42.2±5.1)%;两者的PMP, CD62P, PAC-1水平均较正常对照组有显著性升高(P＜0.01);治疗后较治疗前有显著性下降(P＜0.01). 结论: PMP及其表面膜糖蛋白PAC-1及CD62P表达的检测可作为血栓性心脑血管疾病疗效及预后判断的临床辅助诊断特异性指标之一,并为心脑血管疾病患者长期药物治疗提供理论依据.     

Turner综合征患者标记染色体的鉴定与分析

目的 分析11例携带标记染色体的Turner综合征患者的核型,研究这类染色体的表型效应。方法 选择11例具Turner综合征表型的患者,常规核型分析均显示为携带标记染色体的嵌合体,其中6例标记染色体呈环状。患者G带核型表示为mos．45,X／46,X,＋mar或者mos．45,X／46,X,＋r．以X／Y着丝粒探针,应用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术分析这些标记染色体起源,对其中2例较大的环状染色体,结合反向染色体涂染确定断裂位点,比较不同断裂位点的标记染色体的遗传学效应。结果11例患者所携带的标记染色体均为环状染色体,r（X）的断裂位点分别位于Xp22、Xq22、Xq24、Xq26等。结论 Turner综合征患者的标记染色体主要来源于X染色体,且表现为r（X）形式。r（X）均以嵌合型的形式存在。     

三维适形放射治疗结合化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发疗效观察

目的 探讨三维适形放射治疗结合化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发的疗效。方法 回顾性分析56例直肠癌术后复发患者采取三维适形放射治疗(2Gy／次,5次／周,总剂量66～68Gy,6～7周完成)结合化疗(5-氟尿嘧啶0．75g／m^2,d1-5和d29-33;顺铂40mg／m^2,d1-3和d29-31)的疗效,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法。结果 患者1、2、3年肿瘤局部控制率分别为87．5％、66．1％、38．2％;1、2、3年生存率分别为88．3％、66．8％、44．2％,中位生存期25．3个月;1、2、3年无瘤生存率分别为82．7％、56．6％、30．1％。急性放射反应主要是急性放射性肠炎,多为1～2级。无晚期放射反应发生。结论 三维适形放射治疗结合化疗是治疗直肠癌术后复发的有效治疗方法。     

5-羟色胺对心肌细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的　观察 5 -羟色胺 (5 - HT)对新生大鼠心肌细胞内游离 Ca2 + 浓度的影响 ,并探讨其作用机制 .方法　培养 SD大鼠 (1～ 3d)心肌细胞 ,应用特异性 Ca2 +荧光指示剂 Fluo- 3/AM负载细胞 ,激光共聚焦显微镜检测游离 Ca2 + 浓度 .结果　 5 - HT在 10 - 6 ,10 - 5,10 - 4 m ol· L- 1 时均可升高心肌游离Ca2 + 浓度 ,且随剂量增加而加强 ;二氢吡啶类钙通道阻断剂lacidipine可部分拮抗 5 - HT的作用 ;心肌肌浆网内钙释放通道 ryanodine受体调节剂 ryanodine,在 10 - 5mol· L- 1 时也可部分拮抗 5 - HT的作用 ;用 EGTA络合细胞外液中游离Ca2 + ,5 - HT升高心肌游离 Ca2 + 作用明显减弱 ;此外 ,5 - HT二型受体 (5 - HT2 R)阻断剂赛庚定具有显著抑制 5 - HT升高心肌游离 Ca2 + 的作用 .结论　 5 - HT具有升高心肌游离 Ca2 + 的作用 ,其机制可能与细胞外 Ca2 +经 5 - HT2 R或二氢吡啶类钙通道进入细胞以及肌浆网内钙释放有关     

组胺H3受体对垂体瘤AtT-20细胞分泌ACTH的调节作用

目的　观察组胺受体激动剂对AtT-20细胞分泌ACTH的影响,并探讨G蛋 白在组胺H3 受体信号转导机制中的作用. 方法　选用文献报道的高表达组胺H3受体 的垂体细胞瘤AtT-20 作为观察系统,用放免分析法测定给予组胺受体激动剂后各时间点细胞上清液中ACTH分泌量 的变化,并观察药物对细胞增殖的影响. 结果　组胺H3受体激动剂R- (α)- MeHA（0.1 μmol*L-1）作用8 h能明显促进ACTH的释放,释放量为1920 μg * L-1,与同时间对照组（780 μg*L-1）相比,明显增高（P<0.01）;H 1和H2激动剂则无此作用. 且R-(α)-MeHA引起ACTH分泌 的效应能被H3受体特异性拮抗剂thioperamide所拮抗,而H1受体和H2受体拮抗剂均不 影响 R-(α)-MeHA的效应. R-(α)-MeHA作用8和24h,对细胞增殖无明显影响. 用G蛋白失活 剂NEM 预先处理细胞后,取消了R-(α)-MeHA增强AtT-20细胞ACTH分泌的效应. 结论 　特异性激动组胺H3受体后能引起兴奋-分泌耦联过程,其信号转导过程中有G蛋白的参与.     

六甲氧苄嗪对缺血再灌注损伤离体兔心的保护作用

六甲氧苄嗪(HMZ)是哌嗪类衍生物.该药灌注浓度为16μmol·L~1时能使缺血再灌注离体兔心肌磷酸肌酸激酶,谷草转氨酶释放量明显减少;并能提高超氧化物歧化酶的活性,降低脂质过氧化反应代谢产物丙二醛含量;预防缺血再灌注性心律失常的发生,结果提示HMZ对缺血再灌注损伤的心肌具有明显的保护作用,其机理可能与抗脂质过氧化反应有关