全玻璃体切割治疗玻璃体积血疗效分析

目的 探索全玻璃体切割在玻璃体积血中的应用.方法 回顾51只眼手术病例,视网膜静脉阻塞23只眼,糖尿病视网膜病变9只眼,视网膜静脉周围炎2只眼,视网膜孔源性玻璃体积2只眼.眼外伤性玻璃体积血15只眼.采用睫状体平坦部三通闭合式全玻璃体切割术,并通过巩膜压陷结合高斜镜切割基底部玻璃体.结果 术后随诊5～12月,51只眼视力均有不同程度提高,其中视力在4.5者19只眼、4.6～5.0者9只眼4.0～4.4者19只眼、指数4只眼.结论 对玻璃体积血患者掌握好适应证及手术时机,行全玻璃体切割切实有效的减少玻璃体积血残留所致的并发症提高手术效果.     

糖尿病肾病病人醛糖还原酶基因多态性相关研究

目的探讨醛糖还原酶（AR）基因5’端（AC）n多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染色技术分析了139例2型糖尿病病人（早期糖尿病肾病组61例，非糖尿病肾病组78例）和63例正常对照者AR基因5’端（AC）n的多态性。结果早期糖尿病肾病组Z-2等位基因频率高于非糖尿病肾病组和正常对照组（x^2=6．88、10．51，P〈0．01）；含Z～2等位基因的基因型频率也高于非糖尿病肾病组和正常对照组（X^2=4．95、8．15，P〈0．05、0．01）。结论AR基因Z-2等位基因与青岛地区汉族2型糖尿病病人糖尿病肾病的发生发展有关。     

Spatiotemporal properties of fast and slow neurons in the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali in pigeons

Neurons in the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM) are involved in the analysis of optic flow that results from self-motion. Previous studies have shown that LM neurons have large receptive fields in the contralateral eye, are excited in response to largefield stimuli moving in a particular (preferred) direction, and are inhibited in response to motion in the opposite (anti-preferred) direction. We investigated the responses of LM neurons to sine wave gratings of varying spatial and temporal frequency drifting in the preferred and anti-preferred directions. The LM neurons fell into two categories. "Fast" neurons were maximally excited by gratings of low spatial [0.03-0.25 cycles/ degrees (cpd)] and mid-high temporal frequencies (0.5-16 Hz). "Slow" neurons were maximally excited by gratings of high spatial (0.35-2 cpd) and low-mid temporal frequencies (0.125-2 Hz). Of the slow neurons, all but one preferred forward (temporal to nasal) motion. The fast group included neurons that preferred forward, backward, upward, and downward motion. For most cells (81%), the spatial and temporal frequency that elicited maximal excitation to motion in the preferred direction did not coincide with the spatial and temporal frequency that elicited maximal inhibition to gratings moving in the anti-preferred direction. With respect to motion in the anti-preferred direction, a substantial proportion of the LM neurons (32%) showed bi-directional responses. That is, the spatiotemporal plots contained domains of excitation in addition to the region of inhibition. Neurons tuned to stimulus velocity across different spatial frequency were rare (5%), but some neurons (39%) were tuned to temporal frequency. These results are discussed in relation to previous studies of the responses of neurons in the accessory optic system and pretectum to drifting gratings and other largefield stimuli.     

Factors affecting the deposition of inhaled porous drug particles

Recent findings indicate that the inhalation of large manufactured porous particles may be particularly effective for drug delivery. In this study, a mathematical model was employed to systematically investigate the effects of particle size, particle density, aerosol polydispersity, and patient ventilatory parameters on deposition patterns of inhaled drugs in healthy human lungs. Aerodynamically similar particles with densities of 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 g/cm(3) were considered. Particle size distributions were defined with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) ranging from 1 to 3 microm and geometric standard deviations ranging from 1.5 to 2.5, representing particles in the respirable size range. Breathing rates of 30 and 60 L/min with tidal volumes of 500 to 3000 mL were assumed, simulating shallow to deep breaths from a dry powder inhaler. Particles with a high density and a small geometric diameter had slightly greater deposition fractions than particles that were aerodynamically similar, but had lower density and larger geometric size (typical of manufactured porous particles). This can be explained by the fact that particles with a small geometric diameter deposit primarily by diffusion, which is a function of geometric size but is independent of density. As MMAD increased, the effect of density on deposition was less pronounced because of the decreased efficiency of diffusion for large particles. These data suggest that polydisperse aerosols containing a significant proportion of submicron particles will deposit in the pulmonary airways with greater efficiency than aerodynamically similar aerosols comprised of geometrically larger porous particles.     

Ethanol modulation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat and monkey dentate granule neurons

BACKGROUND: The physiological mechanisms underlying the behavioral and cognitive effects of ethanol are not fully understood. However, there is now compelling evidence that ethanol acts, at least in part, by modulating the function of a small group of proteins that mediate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. For example, intoxicating concentrations of ethanol have been shown to enhance GABAergic synaptic inhibition and depress glutamatergic excitatory neurotransmission in a number of brain regions. Because all of these electrophysiological studies have been performed in rodent brain slice or neuronal culture preparations, direct evidence that ethanol exerts similar effects on synaptic transmission in the primate central nervous system is lacking. METHODS: We have therefore developed methods to perform patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings from neurons in acutely prepared monkey (Macaca fascicularis) hippocampal slices. We have used these methods to compare the acute effects of ethanol on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat and monkey dentate granule neurons. RESULTS: Under our recording conditions, ethanol significantly potentiated gamma-aminobutyric acid type A inhibitory postsynaptic currents in both rat and monkey neurons. In addition, ethanol significantly inhibited NMDA, but not AMPA, excitatory postsynaptic currents in dentate granule neurons from both species. Notably, no significant differences were observed in any of the pharmacological properties of inhibitory or excitatory synaptic responses recorded from rat and monkey neurons. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the differences in the behavioral effects of ethanol that have been observed between rats and higher-order mammals, such as monkeys and humans, may not reflect differences in the sensitivity of some of the major synaptic sites of ethanol action. Moreover, our results provide empirical evidence for the use of rodent brain slice preparations in elucidating synaptic mechanisms of ethanol action in the primate central nervous system.     

凯西莱联用复方丹参注射液治疗酒精性肝病临床观察

目的探讨凯西莱联用复方丹参注射液治疗酒精性肝病(ALD)的临床效果。方法将160例ALD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组80例,对患者治疗前后进行临床评估和检测肝功能、AFP、肝纤维化等指标变化情况。结果治疗组治疗28天后临床症状和体征除肝区疼痛明显改善外(P<0.05),其余症状与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组治疗后肝功能、肝纤维化四项及AFP均有明显改善,但治疗组A/G、AST以及肝纤维化四项指标改善程度均优于对照组(P<0.01)。无明显毒副作用。结论凯西莱能有效改善ALD患者的临床症状、体征及肝功能、AFP,联合应用复方丹参注射液疗效更佳,尤其是抗肝纤维化效果更为明显,且毒副作用少,具有临床应用价值。     

Extracts of Monascusus Purpureus beyond Statins——Profile of Efficacy and Safety of the Use of Extracts of Monascus Purpureus

Monascus purpureus is a fungus that has been tradi-tionally used in China for thousands of years to produce ricewine . Traditionally the fungus is used to ferment non-gluti-nous cooking of rice ,to produce a kind of famous red ricewine .Its main traditional indications consist of disordersdue to the accumulation of fats (nosologically linked withthe problems of stasis of circulation in traditional Chinesemedicine) ,liver disorders and some forms of tumor as ithelps i mprove the circulation of …     

MAGE—A1，A2，A3，A4在膀胱移行细胞癌组织及细胞株中基因表达的研究

目的：研究膀胱移行细胞癌（TCC）中黑色素瘤抗原（MAGE）基因表达。方法：逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCa）技术检测20例膀胱TCC患者癌组织和3株膀胱TCC细胞株124、EJ、BIU87中MAGE—A1、A2、A3、A4基因mRNA表达。结果：20例膀胱，TCC癌组织中19例（95％）至少表达一种MAGE—A基因，12例MAGE—A1阳性（60％），16例MAGE—A2阳性（80％），11例MAGE—A3阳性（55％），18例MAGE—A4阳性（90％），MAGE—A1—4均阳性8例（40％）。膀胱，TCC细胞株T24中MAGE—A1—4基因均表达，口中MAGE—A3、A4基因表达，BIU87中MAGE—A2、A3、A4基因表达。结论：MAGE基因在膀胱TCC中有较高表达，可望成为膀胱，TCC免疫治疗的靶基因。     

Sexual precocity: sex incidence and aetiology

The aetiology of 197 girls and 16 boys presenting with sexual precocity was reviewed. Ninety one girls and four boys had central precocious puberty (M:F 23:1); a cause was identified in all the boys but in only six girls. All boys with precocious puberty need detailed investigation; in girls investigation should be based on clinical findings, particularly the consonance of puberty.