补肺健脾益肾方治疗对老年COPD稳定期患者T淋巴细胞亚群、BODE指数及生活质量的影响

目的:评价补肺健脾益肾方治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的疗效及对患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、BODE指数及生活质量的影响.方法:将80例中医辨证为肺脾肾气虚型COPD稳定期患者随机分组,对照组(40例)仅采取常规西医治疗,而观察组(40例)在常规西医治疗的基础上联合补肺健脾益肾汤,治疗8周后比较临床疗效及患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、BODE指数及生活质量的变化.结果:经治疗后观察组BODE指数及BMI积分、FEV1积分、MMRC积分、6MWT积分均较对照组明显减少,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);经治疗后观察组CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+较对照组明显升高,CD8 +水平较对照组明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组经治疗后肺功能指标FEV1和FEV1/FVC均较治疗前有明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组治疗后SGRQ评分均较治疗前明显降低,但观察组治疗后SGRQ评分明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:补肺健脾益肾方用于老年COPD稳定期治疗可改善患者肺功能及BODE指数,提高生活质量,增强细胞免疫功能.     

翁布中酚性化合物体外抗氧化活性的研究

目的 研究藏药翁布中13种酚性化合物的体外抗氧化活性.方法 采用DPPH自由基清除活性试验、FRAP法、ABTS法和酪氨酸酶活性抑制法评价13种酚性化合物的自由基清除能力及抗氧化活性.结果 没食子酸、3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)低于维生素C;FRAP法测定结果中,化合物阿魏酸、阿魏酸葡糖苷、咖啡酸、对羟基桂皮酸、没食子酸、3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸的总抗氧化值均高于阳性对照Trolox;ABTS法测定结果中,化合物阿魏酸、松柏醇、阿魏酸葡糖苷、咖啡酸、对羟基桂皮酸、没食子酸、4-羟基-α-甲基苯丙醇、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸的总抗氧化值相对于Trolox标准溶液均大于0.01 mmol· L-1;13种酚性化合物对酪氨酸酶均具抑制活性,但IC50均高于阳性对照曲酸.结论 阿魏酸、阿魏酸葡糖苷、咖啡酸、对羟基桂皮酸、没食子酸、3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸具有较强的抗氧化活性.     

Inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat colon mucosa by black tea complex polyphenols

The effect of black tea polyphenols on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat colon mucosa has been investigated. Fischer 344 rats were treated orally with thearubigin (TR) or theafulvin (TFu) for 10 days (40 mg/kg), injected ip with DMH (20 mg/kg) or saline and sacrificed 24 hr after DMH administration. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured in colonic mucosa DNA and expressed as a ratio relative to 2′-deoxyguanosine (2dG). Control rat mucosa had 8-OHdG values of 1.12 ± 0.14/10⁵ dG (mean ± SEM, N=11), whereas DMH-treated rats significantly higher values (1.52 ± 0.14/10⁵ dG, N=26, P<0.05). Pretreatment of rats with TR had significantly inhibited DMH-induced oxidative DNA damage 0.99 ± 0.09/10⁵ dG, N=10, P<0.05) and a similar, although less marked, effect was observed with TFu (1.15 ± 0.19/10⁵, N=9, P=0.06). These findings confirm that DMH causes oxidative DNA damage in the colon mucosa of rats and demonstrate that this effect is prevented by the consumption of complex polyphenols from black tea.     

Sequential administration of recombinant human interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after autologous bone marrow transplantation for malignant lymphoma: a phase I/II multicenter study

Preclinical studies of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) have shown enhancement of multilineage hematopoiesis when administered sequentially. This study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and biologic effects of sequential administration of rhIL- 3 and rhGM-CSF after marrow ablative cytotoxic therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for patients with malignant lymphoma. Thirty-seven patients (20 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 17 patients with Hodgkin's disease) received one of four different treatment regimens before ABMT. Patients were entered in one of four study groups to receive rhIL-3 (2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/kg/day) administered by subcutaneous injection for either 5 or 10 days starting 4 hours after the marrow infusion. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of rhIL-3, rhGM-CSF (250 micrograms/m2/d as a 2-hour intravenous infusion) administration was initiated. rhGM-CSF was administered daily until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was > or = 1,500/microL for 3 consecutive days or until day 27 posttransplant. The most frequent adverse events in the trial included nausea, fever, diarrhea, mucositis, vomiting, rash, edema, chills, abdominal pain, and tachycardia. Three patients were removed from the study because of chest, skeletal, and abdominal pain felt to be probably related to study drug. Four patients died during the study period because of complications unrelated to either rhIL-3 or rhGM-CSF. The median time to recovery of neutrophils (ANC > or = 500/microL) and platelets (platelet count > or = 20,000/microL) was 14 and 15 days, respectively. There were fewer days of platelet transfusions than seen in historical control groups using rhGM-CSF, rhG-CSF, or rhIL-3 alone. In addition, there were fewer days of red blood cell transfusions compared with historical controls using no cytokines or rhGM-CSF. These data indicate that the sequential administration of rhIL-3 and rhGM-CSF after ABMT is safe and generally well-tolerated and results in rapid recovery of multilineage hematopoiesis.     

Differential oviposition by Aedes hendersoni and Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in response to chemical cues associated with treehole water.

The oviposition behavior of Aedes hendersoni Cockerell and Aedes triseriatus (Say) was examined in the laboratory by offering gravid females oviposition sites containing water from different treehole types and by varying the physical characteristics of oviposition sites. Ae. hendersoni females oviposited more frequently in containers with water from treeholes in which they are found commonly in nature (maple "deep rotholes") than in containers with water from holes in which they are found rarely (beech "pans"). In contrast, Ae. triseriatus eggs were distributed uniformly in containers holding the two types of treehole water. There were no differences between species in response to oviposition container height or orientation of the entrance hole (vertical or horizontal). Females of both species laid nearly all their eggs in containers with horizontal openings, and most were deposited at the higher of two levels. We suggest that the adaptive value of the oviposition behavior of Ae. hendersoni is to maximize fitness by reducing interspecific contact with Ae. triseriatus.     

Intensive vs. conventional insulin management initiated at diagnosis in children with diabetes: Should payer source influence the choice of therapy?

Intensive insulin management (IIM) in type 1 diabetes facilitates improved glycemic control and a reduction in long-term diabetes complications. We hypothesized that IIM can be started at diagnosis without deleterious effects on hemoglobin A1c (A1c), body mass index (BMI), and severe hypoglycemia regardless of payer source. Type 1 diabetes patients aged 0–18 yrs, in an academic endocrinology practice were identified for a retrospective chart review. Fifty-four patients on conventional insulin management (CIM) were compared to 51 on IIM. Insulin regimens, payer, and A1c values were compared at baseline, 12, 15, and 18 months. Secondary analyses included BMI changes and hypoglycemia frequency. Overall mean A1c values for the IIM group (8.15 ± 1.41) were lower across all time periods compared to the CIM group (8.57 ± 1.52). Repeated measures anova revealed a significant treatment group effect ( p = 0.01) with no time effect ( p = 0.87) or interaction (group by time) effect ( p = 0.65). Private insurance patients had lower mean A1C values than Medicaid patients (χ² = 4.5186, p < 0.05), regardless of regimen. A1c values between IIM and CIM were not statistically different within the Medicaid group. BMI changes between groups were not different. Chi-square analysis for severe hypoglycemia revealed no group differences. In conclusion, IIM had improved glycemic control. Private insurance vs. Medicaid patients had lower mean A1c values regardless of treatment group. Considering Medicaid patients only, IIM was not inferior, and for those with private insurance, IIM was superior. IIM, initiated at diagnosis, is a reasonable approach for newly diagnosed children with diabetes regardless of payer source.