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81.
Annika Reintam Pille Parm Uwe Redlich Liina-Mai Tooding Joel Starkopf Friedrich Köhler Claudia Spies Hartmut Kern 《BMC gastroenterology》2006,6(1):19-7
Background
While gastrointestinal problems are common in ICU patients with multiple organ failure, gastrointestinal failure has not been given the consideration other organ systems receive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal failure (GIF), to identify its risk factors, and to determine its association with ICU mortality. 相似文献82.
Montse García Elvira Méndez Cristina Martínez Mercè Peris Esteve Fernández 《European journal of cancer prevention》2006,15(5):446-452
The objective of the study was to describe the implementation of measures for preventing tobacco consumption developed in the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals. Information from 25 hospitals that are actively involved in the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals (April 2004) was used. The degree of implementation of the Smoke-free Hospitals Project was analysed by means of the Self-Audit Questionnaire of the European Network for Smoke-free Hospitals; each hospital was analysed globally and according to the duration of its Network membership (<1 year: implementation stage; > or =1 year: consolidation stage). In terms of global indicators, there were high levels of commitment (64.8%), communication (74.7%), tobacco control (77.4%) and implementation of smoke-free environments (81.0%). A lower degree of implementation (<50%) was found in education and training, health promotion and healthy workplaces. According to the duration of Network membership, significant differences were observed for communication, environment, healthy workplaces and follow-up. Deficits were observed in areas such as specialist training and cessation support, and further input is required here. By identifying areas needing attention, providing a guide for policy development and by administering it periodically, one can ensure that progress is kept on track. 相似文献
83.
Thorsten Gerstner Deike Buesing Elke Longin Claudia Bendl Dieter Wenzel Brigitte Scheid Gisela Goetze Alfons Macke Gerhard Lippert Wolfgang Klostermann Geert Mayer Regine Augspach-Hofmann Sabine Fitzek Carl-Albrecht Haensch Markus Reuland Stephan A Koenig 《Seizure》2006,15(6):443-448
Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug and is usually well-tolerated. Rare serious complications may occur in some patients, including haemorrhagic pancreatitis, bone marrow suppression, VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and VPA-induced encephalopathy. The typical signs of VPA-induced encephalopathy are impaired consciousness, sometimes marked EEG background slowing, increased seizure frequency, with or without hyperammonemia. There is still no proof of causative effect of VPA in patients with encephalopathy, but only of an association with an assumed causal relation. We report 19 patients with VPA-associated encephalopathy in Germany from the years 1994 to 2003, none of whom had been published previously. 相似文献
84.
Claudio Babiloni Giovanni Frisoni Mircea Steriade Lorena Bresciani Giuliano Binetti Claudio Del Percio Cristina Geroldi Carlo Miniussi Flavio Nobili Guido Rodriguez Filippo Zappasodi Tania Carfagna Paolo M Rossini 《Clinical neurophysiology》2006,117(5):1113-1129
OBJECTIVE: A relationship between brain atrophy and delta rhythmicity (1.5-4 Hz) has been previously explored in Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects [Fernandez A, Arrazola J, Maestu F, Amo C, Gil-Gregorio P, Wienbruch C, Ortiz T. Correlations of hippocampal atrophy and focal low-frequency magnetic activity in Alzheimer disease: volumetric MR imaging-magnetoencephalographic study. Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 24(3):481-487]. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that such a relationship does exist not only in AD patients but also across the continuum of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. METHODS: Resting, eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 34 MCI and 65 AD subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by LORETA. Cortical EEG sources were correlated with MR-based measurements of lobar brain volume (white and gray matter). RESULTS: A negative correlation was observed between the frontal white matter and the amplitude of frontal delta sources (2-4 Hz) across MCI and AD subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed for the first time the hypothesis that the sources of resting delta rhythms (2-4 Hz) are correlated with lobar brain volume across MCI and AD subjects. SIGNIFICANCE: The present findings support, at least at group level, the 'transition hypothesis' of brain structural and functional continuity between MCI and AD. 相似文献
85.
Guilherme Santoro-Lopes Erika Ferraz de Gouvêa Rodrigo Carreira M Monteiro Rodrigo Castelo Branco José Rodolfo Rocco Márcia Halpern Adriana Lúcia Pires Ferreira Elaine Gama Pessoa de Araújo Samanta T Basto Vinicius Gomes Silveira Joaquim Ribeiro-Filho 《Liver transplantation》2005,11(2):203-209
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent cause of infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Colonization with MRSA is associated with a higher risk of infection. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of MRSA colonization among OLT candidates. However, the risk of colonization with MRSA after OLT is still unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and the factors associated with colonization with MRSA after OLT. This was a prospective cohort study including patients submitted to OLT between the years 2000 and 2002. Surveillance cultures of nasal swab specimens were performed within the 1st 72 hours of hospital admission and, subsequently, on weeks 2, 6, 13, and 26. Patients whose baseline cultures revealed nasal carriage of MRSA were excluded. A total of 60 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up was 72 days. A total of 9 patients (15%) became colonized. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the use of a urinary catheter for > or =5 days (P = .006), postoperative bleeding at the surgical site (P = .009), and preoperative use of fluoroquinolones (P = .08) were associated with a higher risk of colonization. Patients without any of these risk factors did not become colonized. In conclusion, nasal carriage of MRSA is frequently acquired after OLT. Periodic postoperative screening for MRSA carriage should be an integral component in programs designed to reduce nosocomial MRSA transmission in these patients. Further studies are needed to set up and validate a predictive model that could allow targeting postoperative screening to high-risk OLT recipients. 相似文献
86.
Cristina Martins Marcelo Mazza do Nascimento Roberto Pecoits-Filho Cyntia Leinig Luiz Felipe Gon?alves Roseana Fuerbringer Peter Stenvinkel Bengt Lindholm Miguel Carlos Riella 《Journal of renal nutrition》2007,17(2):132-137
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Continuous glucose absorption in peritoneal dialysis (PD) may induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. METHODS: We evaluated IR in nondiabetic patients receiving PD, and analyzed the association between IR and systemic inflammation biomarkers by performing a cross-sectional study on ambulatory dialysis. A total of 25 nondiabetic patients receiving PD and 25 healthy individuals, matched for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), were included. The PD group was composed of 11 men and 14 women, with a mean age of 47 +/- 14 years and mean BMI of 25.5 +/- 4.7 kg/m(2). The control group was composed of 10 men and 15 women, with a mean age of 45 +/- 12 years and BMI of 24.0 +/- 2.8 kg/m(2). RESULTS: IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR). Inflammation was assessed through high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. Body composition and truncal fat were evaluated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. HOMA-IR was significantly higher (P < .0001) in subjects receiving PD (4.9, range: 2.3-9.3 mmol/L x muU/mL) compared with healthy subjects (1.2, range: 0.4-4.8 mmol/L x muU/mL). As expected, compared with controls, patients receiving PD had significantly higher levels of insulin (26.5 +/- 7.5 muU/mL vs 6.3 +/- 3.4 muU/mL; P < .0001), CRP (6.3, range: 0.3-61.1 mg/L vs 2.4, range: 0.6-5.9 mg/L; P = .001), and fibrinogen (379 +/- 101 mg/dL vs 268 +/- 66 mg/dL; P < .0001). However, there were no significant differences in body and truncal fat mass between the groups. A significant correlation between HOMA-IR and fibrinogen (Rho = 0.48; P = .01) was observed. However, no correlation was found between HOMA-IR and CRP. Also, no significant correlations were found between HOMA-IR and body fat mass (Rho = 0.11), and between HOMA-IR and truncal fat mass (Rho = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving PD demonstrate a state of IR that is associated with high circulating levels of fibrinogen. This suggests that hyperfibrinogenemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of IR in this setting. 相似文献
87.
Ana P Martinez-Donate Melbourne F Hovell Elaine J Blumberg Jennifer A Zellner Carol L Sipan Audrey M Shillington Claudia Carrizosa 《AIDS education and prevention》2004,16(2):172-186
Adolescents are at increasing risk for HIV infection in Mexico. Research on gender differences in risk behaviors and determinants is needed to develop effective HIV prevention interventions targeting Mexican adolescents. This study examined gender differences in the likelihood of unprotected sex and theoretical correlates among high school students in the border city of Tijuana. Three hundred seventy high-school students completed a face-to-face interview and a self-administered survey. Differences in sexual initiation, condom use, intentions to use condoms in the future, and attitudes towards condoms in this population were assessed. Although male students initiated sexual practices earlier than females, females were more likely to have unprotected sex. Females perceived themselves as more likely to avoid unprotected sex in the future and held more favorable attitudes about condoms. The results suggest that stereotypical gender roles and communication barriers place Tijuana female high school students at higher risk for HIV infection than their male peers. 相似文献
88.
Michael Gerharz MD ; Ankev Baranowsky PhD ; Udo Siebolts MD ; Sabine Eming MD ; Roswitha Nischt PhD ; Thomas Krieg PhD ; Claudia Wickenhauser MD 《Wound repair and regeneration》2007,15(1):105-112
Morphometric data based on skin wounding offer important information for the characterization of the phenotype of transgenic mouse models. The goal of this study was the comparison of technical procedures concerning wounding, processing, and evaluation of samples in different mouse strains. The multitissue array technique was used to estimate its adaptability for standardized analysis in wound healing. Skin wounds between days 1 and 14 after wounding were analyzed. The influence of mouse strain (C57BI/6 vs. FVB/N mice), sex, size of the punch biopsies, and preparation of the tissue sections was investigated on 94 mice. The parameters distance between the migration tongues (deltaMT) and surface not covered by epithelium were evaluated to describe the reepithelialization, and the distance between the adnexa was chosen to measure wound contraction. In addition, the techniques to measure the area of granulation tissue (GT) were evaluated. The data illustrate the requirement of standardized conditions for skin wound-healing experiments and demonstrate that histological preparation in serial sections is mandatory to detect slight differences in wound contraction. For the analysis of cellular composition in GT, multitissue arrays are useful tools in wound-healing studies. 相似文献
89.
Cristina Antúnez María Jose Torres Cristobalina Mayorga José L. Corzo Antonio Jurado Luis F. Santamaría-Babi Angel Vera Miguel Blanca 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》2006,17(3):166-174
T cells are known to develop a critical role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and bronchial asthma. T cells involved in AD express the skin homing receptor CLA, but no lung homing receptor has been identified in bronchial asthma. We compared different cell markers and the cytokine production in T cells from children with AD or bronchial asthma. We studied the involvement of CLA+ and CLA- T-cell subpopulations in these diseases. We studied 20 children with acute AD lesions, 15 with mild persistent asthma, and 15 non-atopic controls. All patients were sensitized to house dust mite (DP) and evaluated during the acute phase. Total and specific IgE were measured by immunoassay and the expression of different cell markers and the cytokine production was analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Total IgE was significantly higher in AD children and IgE to DP in the asthmatic children. There was a significant increase in CD25+ CD4+ cells in asthmatic children and in HLA-DR+ CD4+ and HLA-DR+ CD8+ cells in AD. In the CD4+ subsets, there was an increase in IL-13, IL-5 and TNF-alpha in AD compared to controls, a decrease in IFN-gamma in asthmatic children compared to controls, and an increase in IL-13, IL5, IL2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in the AD compared to asthmatic children. Changes in cytokine production were mainly detected in CLA+ cells in AD and in CLA- cells in asthma. Differences exist in total and specific IgE, activation markers, and cytokine patterns between AD children and children with asthma, with the former expressing a Th2 pattern whereas in asthmatic children we only detected a decrease in IFN-gamma. Moreover, the subpopulations (CLA+ vs. CLA-) expressing these changes were different, indicating that the underlying mechanisms in the two diseases are not exactly the same. 相似文献
90.