3种常用低温灭菌方法研究现状

阐述了环氧乙烷低温灭菌法、低温蒸汽甲醛灭菌法、过氧化氢等离子体灭菌法的灭菌机制、主要特点及应用范围。     

医科大学生的生活事件与焦虑

目的:分析医科大学生的具体生活事件和焦虑状况的关系。方法:采用青少年生活事件量表和青少年焦虑量表于2004-03对北京大学医科部医科本专科学生957人进行问卷调查。采用青少年生活事件量表评估生活事件对焦虑状态的影响,该量表共有27个项目,每项事件的刺激强度根据经历生活事件时的心理感受,分别量化为1无影响、2轻度、3中度、4重度、5极重度。青少年焦虑评定采用王极盛编制的青少年焦虑量表,该量表由20个项目构成,均采用5级评分标准,分别是1无、2轻度、3中度、4偏重、5重度,焦虑的指标采用20个项目的总平均分,焦虑的平均分在2.00(不包括2.00)以下的即不存在明显焦虑情绪;平均分在2.00～2.99即存在轻度焦虑情绪;平均分3.00～3.99即存在中度焦虑情绪;平均分在4.00～4.99即存在比较严重的焦虑情绪。以焦虑状态为因变量,以与之显著相关的27个生活事件项目为自变量进行多元回归分析。结果:在纳入数据的957人中,生活事件量表有效数据除第13、21、27(2)项目为951人,第15项为950人之外,其余各项目均为952人;焦虑量表有效数据为893人。①生活事件各个项目的平均分在1.070±0.405至2.120±1.025之间。其中得分项目最高的10个项目分别依次是考试失败或不理想、学习负担重、被人误会或错怪、与同学或好友发生纠纷、长期远离家人不能团聚、生活习惯(饮食、休息等)明显变化、受人歧视冷遇、亲友死亡、不喜欢上学、家人朋友患急重病。②在恋爱不顺利或失恋、与人打架两个项目上男生的评分结果高于女生,存在着明显的性别差异(t=2.993,P<0.01);(t=4.544,P<0.001),而年级间评分比较结果表明不存在显著的年级差异。③医科大学生焦虑的平均分为1.901±0.652,其中焦虑的平均分在2.00(不包括2.00)以下,即不存在明显焦虑情绪536人,占60.2%;平均分在2.00～2.99,即存在轻度焦虑情绪的293人,占32.9%;平均分3.00～3.99,即存在中度焦虑情绪的56人,占6.2%;平均分在4.00～4.99,即存在比较严重的焦虑情绪的6人,占0.5%;平均分为5.00的,既存在严重焦虑情绪的2人,占0.2%。医科大学生焦虑得分不存在明显的性别差异和年级差异(t=0.838,P>0.05);(F=1.601,P>0.05)。④生活事件中27个项目均与焦虑呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。⑤经多元回归分析表明,不喜欢上学、学习负担重、家庭经济困难、考试失败或不理想、升学压力、本人患急重病这6类生活事件进入回归方程。结论:医科大学生生活事件与焦虑有广泛的正相关性,不喜欢上学、学习负担重、家庭经济困难、考试失败或不理想、升学压力、本人患急重病6项生活事件对医科大学生焦虑有较大的预测作用。     

高校学生职业指导宜及早进行

职业指导是一门指导人们了解职业、准备职业、选择职业、转换职业的科学,如何将职业指导贯穿于大学教育的全过程,各学校应根据不同学生给予具体指导,学生也应主动思考、自觉规划,大学阶段的职前生涯规划关系到职后人生发展,职业生涯及早规划才能赢得主动。     

扶正调平汤减轻化疗毒副反应的临床观察

目的研究在化疗过程中运用扶正调平汤对减轻肿瘤患者的骨髓抑制，消化道症状等化疗副反应的作用。方法通过临床对60例手术及非手术胃癌患者随机分成两组，即治疗组和对照组，观察化疗前后两组的血象变化、消化道反应情况，及其生活质量进行评定，比较、分析。结果实验证明化疗同时配合扶正调平汤对改善化疗副反应的作用显著化于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论说明扶正调平汤对减轻化疗毒副反应方面具有较好的临床疗效。提高了患者生活质量，使惠者顺利完成化疗疗程。     

归脾汤加减治疗病毒性心肌炎31例

笔者2000年10月～2005年5月,采用归脾汤治疗病毒性心肌炎31例,取得了较好的疗效,现总结如下.     

55例中药致肝损害的病例分析

目的重视中药致肝损害的不良反应，以保证临床用药安全。方法对55例中药引起的肝损害病例进行统计分析。结果患者年龄涉及各个年龄段，引起肝损害的药物以含何首乌和黄药子的中药为多，注射剂发生症状的时间较早，临床以消化道症状和黄疽为多见，多数患者在停药后经对症治疗肝功异常得到恢复或好转。结论控制肝损害中药的使用，用药时注意个体差异，慎重使用滋补类中药，临床密切观察肝功能，注意个别治疗肝炎的药物也会引起肝损害。     

Prognostic significance of caspase-3 expression in primary resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

AIMS: The present study retrospectively examines the expression of caspase-3 in primary resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the correlation between the outcome of patients and the expression of proteins. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were used to analyse the expression of caspase-3 in 40 archival specimens of patients with primary resected ESCC. RESULTS: According to our cut-off point of the staining for caspase-3, 24 (60%) cases were positive and 16 (40%) negative. Caspase-3 expression correlated with a significant favorable prognosis in primary resected ESCC (P=0.02). A multivariate analysis of clinical and biological factors indicated that stage, tumor differentiation, and caspase-3 expression were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-3 expression might be a good and new prognostic indicator for primary resected ESCC.     

Heterogeneity of human blood monocyte: two subpopulations with different sizes, phenotypes and functions.

Human blood mononuclear cells from normal adults were collected after density-cut centrifugation and monocytes were then isolated by removal of lymphocytes using the techniques of E-rosetting and cell adhesion. The purified monocytes were further analysed by velocity sedimentation, and two distinct subpopulations with different cell sizes were obtained. The larger monocytes were 17.0 +/- 1.8 microns in diameter with a mean sedimentation rate (SR) of 7.0 +/- 0.6 mm/hr, while the smaller monocytes were 9.5 +/- 0.8 microns in size and 4.1 +/- 0.2 mm/hr in SR. The population ratio of larger:smaller cells was approximately 2:1 (66 +/- 2.8%:34 +/- 1.6%). Both cell populations exhibited a high positive rate (> 98%) in both the non-specific esterase and the peroxidase stain. However, the larger cells had much higher phagocytic activity than the smaller ones. Furthermore, the expression of monocyte-associated antigens was also different between these two subpopulations. Thus, while most of the larger monocytes (98%) could be recognized by monoclonal antibodies MY7 and OKM1, only some (35 and 61%, respectively) of the smaller monocytes could react with those antibodies. In addition, the larger monocytes secreted a significant amount of monokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and their production increased in proportion to the level of stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas the production of monokines by the smaller monocytes remained at low levels and did not respond to LPS stimulation. These results reveal the existence of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in human blood monocytes.     

国产长效皮下埋植避孕剂的临床应用

1992年我院用国产长效皮下埋植避孕剂(左旋18-甲基炔诺酮),对600例育龄妇女进行皮下埋植,经1年随访,结果显示:国产长效皮下埋植剂的避孕效果达100％。600例中10例因出现月经异常而终止使用,其持续使用率为98.33％,获得了与进口长效皮下埋植避孕剂相同的效果。