A case of abdominal pregnancy at term with a live child

The authors report a new case of abdominal pregnancy with living baby. The analysis of this observation permits to present then the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of this exceptional localization of pregnancy and emphasize the surgical principles involved with its treatment, around the time of the term delivery.     

Lithium for irritability in Post-Traumatic stress disorder

Irritability is often a problem for patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We describe two cases that illustrate the use of lithium in the treatment of veterans with PTSD who complained of serious problems with irritability or angry outbursts. These cases are discussed in the context of evidence that lithium may be useful in other patients with disorders of impulse control. The evidence linking disorders of anger and impulse control to a dysregulation in neurotransmitter regulation, particularly in serotonergic pathways, supports a psychopharmacologic approach to treatment. These findings should lead to further study of the role of lithium in the treatment of this symptom complex in patients with PTSD.     

Immunogold localisation of laminin in normal and exfoliative iris.

Immunoelectron microscopic studies of exfoliative iris tissue (seven specimens) revealed the presence of laminin in the fibrillar component of exfoliation material. The immunogold label was uniformly distributed on the exfoliation fibres. Deposition of laminin labelled exfoliation material in the dilator muscle was a noteworthy feature, as was an apparent depletion of laminin in the basement membranes of ostensibly unaffected vessels. In control iris tissue (five enucleated eyes) laminin was identified in the basement membrane round vascular contractile cells, but not beneath the endothelium.     

Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis in neurogenetic syndromes

There are conflicting reports on the relationship between cerebellar vermal lobule hypoplasia and autism. Using quantitative magnetic resonance image analysis, we measured the cerebellar vermis in 125 normal individuals with a broad age range and 102 patients with a variety of neurogenetic abnormalities. We conclude that hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII is a nonspecific finding that even occurs in several conditions without autistic behavior. This suggests that it is not a specific neuroanatomical marker for autism, nor is cerebellar dys- genesis likely to be solely responsible for clinical autistic behaviors.     

The relationship between intestinal Campylobacter species isolated from animals and humans as determined by BRENDA

Intestinal thermophilic Campylobacter species produce stable patterns when subjected to bacterial restriction endonuclease DNA analysis (BRENDA); this technique is therefore of considerable value in epidemiological studies. BRENDA was used to examine thermophilic Campylobacter species from humans, wild and domestic animals. One hundred and ninety-four (61%) of 316 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni from humans had BRENDA patterns which could be matched to those of animal isolates. Poultry appear to be a major source of infection for C. jejuni in humans with nearly half (49.7%) of the human isolates giving patterns which were indistinguishable from those isolated from poultry. A total of 60 BRENDA types were identified from 316 human isolates and 11 of these had the same pattern as those isolated from poultry. One of the three Campylobacter coli BRENDA types recovered from poultry was indistinguishable from a human isolate type. Pigs appear to be only a minor source of C. coli infection for humans in New Zealand. Rats were found to be infected with strains of C. jejuni with BRENDA patterns indistinguishable from those infecting humans, poultry and a horse. None of the 102 isolates of Campylobacter species from wild birds gave BRENDA patterns similar to those of isolates from humans.     

Radiotherapy in the treatment of low-grade astrocytomas

Between 1954 and 1986 inclusive, 160 children in the North West Region of England were registered with histologically proven lowgrade astrocytomas (grade 1 or 2). Ten died before receiving any treatment, and a further seven died within 28 days of surgery, leaving 143 children whose survival in relation to treatment modality is the subject of this paper. Low-grade astrocytomas are responsive to radiation therapy. This treatment has no clear benefit to offer children with superficial tumours that can be resected completely or nearly so, but significantly improves survival rates when tumours are deep-seated and not amenable to excision.