阴沟肠杆菌超广谱β—内酰胺酶、诱导酶的检出与耐药相关性的分析

目的：了解阴沟肠杆菌超广谱β－内酰胺酶和诱导酶的产生和分布情况。并分析产酶特性和耐药表型的相关性。方法：用纸片扩散确证法和相邻纸片法对104株阴沟肠杆菌进行超广谱β－内酰胺酶及诱导酶的检测，用VITEK全自动药敏分析系统和K－B琼脂扩散法检测其对20种抗生素的耐药性。结果：104例阴沟肠杆菌中，检出超广谱β－内酰胺酶阳性株77株，占74％，诱导酶阳性株26株，占25％，13株两种酶同时阳性。超广谱β－内酰胺酶阳性株主要集中在几个病区，诱导酶阳性株则无此倾向，104株菌对多种怀素高度耐药，产超广谱β－内酰胺酶株的耐药率明显高于非产酶株，产诱导酶株的耐药率反而低于非产酶株。结论：阴沟肠杆菌产酶情况和耐药性均十分严重。多重耐药的主要原因是由于菌株产生超广谱β－内酰胺酶，产酶株对三代头孢的体外敏感试验不能正确反映临床的治疗效果。实验室应加强阴肠杆菌产酶情况的检测，治疗产酶阴沟肠杆菌引起的感染，首选亚胺培南，其次为舒普深，任何情况下应避免使用三代头孢。     

The effect of optical design on micromanipulator spot size using CO2 laser irradiation

Objective: The study goal was to compare the laser spot size created using reflective and refractive micromanipulators with a CO₂ laser and to determine the sensitivity of spot size to laser power. Study Design and Setting: A CO₂ laser and operating microscope (400-mm focal length) was coupled to either a reflective (Cassegrain-like) or refractive micromanipulator. Laser spot size was determined by measuring the region of ablation created by laser irradiation of wood (dry tongue depressors), exposed photographic film, and agar gel using optical micrometry. Laser power varied from 0.5 to 20 W with pulse durations of 0.1 and 0.5 second. Results: The reflective micromanipulator demonstrated overall smaller spot sizes for a given laser power and lower incremental change in spot size with increasing power. The reflective design demonstrated less sensitivity to increases in laser power. Conclusions: Micromanipulator optical design can result in significant differences in laser spot size. The reflective device used in this study demonstrated less sensitivity to increasing laser power. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;126:593-597.)     

Laparoscopic Local Resection Based on Sentinel Node Evaluation for Early Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Report

We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric cancer.     

心血管疾病并发焦虑抑郁症状2050例心理干预治疗分析

目的:了解心血管疾病并发焦虑抑郁症状的情况并探讨心理干预等对焦虑抑郁症状的影响。方法:对住院的2050例心血管疾病并发焦虑抑郁症状的患者进行回顾性分析。结果:心血管疾病患者中并发有焦虑抑郁症状者占56%;其常表现为类似心绞痛、左心衰竭症状,可并发有心律失常;高血压病并发有焦虑抑郁患者对血压升高的耐受性差,动态血压检查以非勺型改变者居多;单纯使用心血管药物治疗效果欠佳,心理干预,焦虑抑郁症状严重者结合抗焦虑抑郁药物疗效显著。结论:心血管疾病患者常并发焦虑抑郁症状,心理干预治疗等可有效改善患者的症状。     

Guidelines for external fixation frame rigidity and stresses

Using results from FEM analyses and experiments as references, analytical methods are applied to develop simple approximate formulas to relate frame rigidity, maximal pin stresses, and peak pin-bone stresses in external fracture fixation (EFF) configurations in axial loading to the most important frame, pin, and bone parameters. It is found that, in a realistic range, the parameters can be adapted to vary the frame rigidity from about 13 N/mm to 17,000 N/mm, thereby reducing the maximal stresses in the pins and at the pin-bone interface by a factor of 140. In particular, when compromises have to be established in the frame characteristics in order to ensure a flexible configuration and limit the stress values at the same time, the formulas presented can provide useful guidelines. The side-bar separation and the pin modulus, in particular, can be adapted to decrease the rigidity, while only moderately increasing the stresses, thereby reducing changes for pin failure, pin-bone loosening, and pin-tract infection. A nomogram is presented for a quick reference to estimated relations between frame characteristics, rigidity, and stresses. It is believed that this material may be of use in EFF design and applications in clinical and animal experimental trials.     

高龄股骨转子间骨折两种治疗方法的临床观察

目的:探讨手术治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的安全性、合理性。方法:股骨转子间骨折患者65例,其中采用动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗32例,男14例,女18例;年龄65~79岁,平均(70.6±2.3)岁;EvansⅠ型2例,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型15例,Ⅳ型8例。采用单边外固定支架治疗33例,男14例,女19例;年龄68~90岁,平均(74.2±3.8)岁;EvansⅠ型3例,Ⅱ型15例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型1例,Ⅴ型3例。临床观察包括术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症及髋部运动功能等。结果:所有病例均获随访,时间1~34个月,平均19个月。两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。平均愈合时间DHS组为(13.0±2.7)周,外固定支架组为(12.3±3.0)周,差异无统计学意义。Sanders髋关节功能评价:DHS组优19例,良6例,可3例,差2例;外固定支架组优12例,良8例,可8例,差5例。两组优良率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:围手术期外固定支架组较DHS组安全简便,术后疗效DHS组优于外固定支架组。     

9 Survivin反义寡核苷酸对人肝癌细胞的抑制作用

目的:探讨survivin反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）对人肝癌细胞HepG2的抑制作用。方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测肝细胞癌（HCC）组织中survivin的表达。采用脂质体介导survivin ASODN体外转染人肝癌细胞株HepG2，Western blot检测细胞survivin蛋白的表达，FCM检测细胞的凋亡率，观察细胞在软琼脂中的集落形成能力。建立人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型，观察survivin ASODN的体内抑癌作用。 结果:（1）肝癌组织中survivin表达阳性率为75.8％(25/33)，明显高于癌旁组织和正常肝组织(P<0.01);（2）survivin ASODN体外转染可明显下调HepG2细胞survivin蛋白表达，ASODN组HepG2细胞凋亡率明显高于空白对照组和SODN组(P<0.01)，ASODN组HepG2细胞在软琼脂中形成的集落数目明显少于空白对照组和SODN组(P<0.01);（3）ASODN组瘤体生长速度较空白对照组和SODN组明显减慢(P<0.01)，ASODN组瘤体重量较空白对照组和SODN组明显减轻(P<0.05)。结论:Survivin在HCC组织中高表达;survivin ASODN可以诱导HepG2细胞凋亡，在体外实验和动物实验中对HepG2细胞生长都有抑制作用。     

指背逆行筋膜岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨I期修复同指中、末节掌、背侧及指端缺损的方法。方法自1997年6月～2006年10月,对59例(63指)手指皮肤缺损的患者,采用指背逆行筋膜岛状皮瓣旋转30°～180°移转修复。结果除2例皮瓣远端部分坏死外,余均成活,经3～6个月随访,功能及外观良好。按TAM法评定,优41指,良18指,可4指,优良率达94%。结论该术式操作简单、疗程短、成功率高,皮瓣血运可靠,柔软耐磨。多指远端同时缺损的修复其优越性尤为明显。     

锁骨骨折三种内固定治疗方法的疗效比较

目的比较重建钢板，记忆合金、克氏针钢丝三种方法治疗锁骨骨折的效果。方法重建钢板组28例，记忆合金组16例，克氏针钢丝12例手术疗效比较。结果重建钢板组：优22例，良5例，差1例，优良率96．4％；记忆合金16例：优8例，良6例，差2例，优良率87．5％；克氏针钢丝组12例：优6例，良3例，差3例，优良率75％。结论重建钢板组是锁骨骨折需要手术治疗中最适宜方法。     

胶原蛋白海绵在皮肤扩张术中的应用

目的：观察胶原蛋白海绵在皮肤扩张术中的临床应用效果。方法：选择40例（个）皮肤扩张器埋置和50例（个）皮肤扩张器取出及15例自身对照的病例组,应用胶原蛋白海绵术中贴敷于渗血创面,术后观察其吸收、止血效果。结果：术中渗血于2～10min内停止,病例组中无血肿发生,术后引流量明显减少,伤口愈合时间缩短。结论：在皮肤扩张术中胶原蛋白海绵是一种良好的生物止血材料。