T_3对人神经干细胞分化过程中甲状腺激素受体表达的影响

目的　探讨三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)在神经干细胞 (NSC)分化中的作用以及甲状腺激素受体(TR)mRNA在NSC分化过程中的表达变化。方法　在体外成功诱导扩增NSC ,用T3 对NSC进行诱导分化 ,半定量RT PCR法检测NSC在分化前后TRsmRNA的表达变化 ,免疫细胞化学方法鉴定分化后的细胞类型。结果　T3 可诱导NSC分化为神经元、少突和星形胶质细胞 ,其中髓鞘碱性蛋白 (MBP)阳性细胞约占 80 %。当NSC分化时存在不同的TRsmRNA的时间顺序表达。结论　T3 能诱导NSC向胶质细胞分化 ,是少突胶质细胞分化的重要调控因子 ,并通过TRs的时间顺序表达来发挥其重要生理作用     

Burnout and psychological distress among nurses in a Nigerian tertiary health institution

Background

The role of nurses in the health care delivery system cannot be overemphasized. Nurses are needed at all levels of healthcare and the profession requires a lot of dedication, time and energy with regards to patient management and service delivery. This time investment and dedication to duty is likely to lead to burnout and psychological distress among the nurses.

Objective

This study assesses the prevalence of burnout and psychological distress among nurses working in Nigerian tertiary health institution.

Method

The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to assess 210 nurses working in this health institution for symptoms of burnout and psychological distress.

Results

High levels of burnout were identified in 42.9% of the respondents in the area of emotional exhaustion, 47.6% in the area of depersonalization and 53.8% in the area of reduced personal accomplishment, while 44.1% scored positive in the GHQ-12 indicating presence of psychological distress.

Conclusion

Prevalence of burnout and psychological distress is high among nurses.     

Protective and therapeutic effect of hydrogen sulfide on hemorrhagic cystitis and testis dysfunction induced with cyclophosphamide

Backround/aimCyclophosphamide (CP) is a drug used for treatment of many malignant diseases. However, it can cause serious side effects such as hemorrhagic cystitis and male infertility. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous mediator and is suggested to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, dose-dependent effects of H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and testicular dysfunction were investigated in rats.Material and methodsRats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): control, CP, NaHS25 μmol/kg, NaHS50 μmol/kg, and NaHS100 μmol/ kg. After treatment for 7 days intraperitoneally (ip), a single ip dose of CP 200 mg/kg was given on the 8th day. Then, treatment was continued for 7 days. In bladder and testicular tissues, IL 6, IL 10, cGMP, NO, H2S, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. Histopathological examination with H&E staining, as well as immunohistochemical staining for acrolein in bladder and caspase-3 and APAF-1 in testis were performed.ResultsNaHS prevented the increased IL 6 and IL 10 values induced by CP as well as prevented the decrease in cGMP values associated with CP. There was no significant change in FSH values, but the LH value, which increased with CP, decreased with 25, 50, and 100 μmol/kg NaHS. In contrast, testosterone decreased in the CP group and increased in the treatment groups. NaHS was effective in many biochemical and histopathological parameters at 25 and 50 μmol/kg doses, and this effect decreased at 100 μmol/kg dose.ConclusionH2S has a protective and therapeutic effect on hemorrhagic cystitis and testicular dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide. It can be suggested that H2S is a promising molecule in facilitating cancer treatment.     

对苯二甲酸中微量杂质HPLC分析条件的优化

用离子交换高效液相色谱法分析对苯二甲酸中的微量杂质，并对该方法进行了系统的优化。通过选择流动相pH值使缓冲溶液的浓度降低至0．13mol／L，分析周期缩短至10min以下。结果表明：该方法的工作曲线相关系数在0．9998以上，回收率为98．7％～102．2％，相对标准偏差小于3．6％。     

The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity on a coronary care ward

Numerous studies have documented the high prevalence of psychological and emotional disorders in patients seen in general medical settings. However, despite the emphasis placed on holistic approaches to nursing care in all professional models of nursing practice, much of this distress is still missed by nursing staff. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale is an easy-to-use self-administered screening instrument purportedly designed to detect psychological distress amongst hospitalized patients with physical illnesses. On using the HAD scale on patients admitted to a coronary care ward of a district general hospital, 44% were found to be suffering high levels of anxiety or depression. This figure is consistent with the results of similar studies in other cardiac wards and out-patient clinics. In most cases, the levels of distress found were not sufficiently severe to warrant seeking specialist psychiatric support. Instead, there is much that the general nurse can do to alleviate the understandable fears and worries of patients being treated for cardiac disease. However, to respond appropriately, nursing staff must be able to identify psychological distress in patients. The HAD scale, if it can be validated in cardiac in-patient settings, provides an instrument which could easily become part of the routine assessment of patients' nursing needs.     

Characterization of β-lactamase from Escherichia coli with drug-resistance to ceftazidine

Ceftazidine belongs to the third generationcephalosporin. It offers improved anti-microbialactivities against most Gram-negative enteric bac-teria and is generally used to treat severe infec-tions .The development of drug-resistance to cef-tazidine is mainly based on the production of theextended spectrumβ-lactamases(ESBLs) .In thepresent study,the characterizationofβ-lactamasesfromtwo strains ofEscherichia coliresistant toceftazidine was performed by biochemical testingand nucleic acidtec…     

BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER: Maintained Function of Inter-Sertoli Cell Junctions in Experimental Cryptorchidism in the Rat, as Judged by a Simple Lanthanum-Immersion Technique

In order to elucidate the mechanisms behind the deleterious effects on the germinal epithelium of experimental cryptorchidism the hypothesis that a leaking blood-testis barrier is the cause of the damage was tested. The permeability of the specialized inter- Sertoli cell junctions to lanthanum after experimental cryptorchidism for 0.5 to 12 days was studied in the rat. In none of the time periods studied lanthanum had penetrated beyond the inter-Sertoli cell junctions. A simple lanthanum immersion technique was used. Testes of 15-days old rats (before the development of the barrier) were used as a positive control of the method, and in these testes lanthanum had penetrated up to the future lumen.

Zusammenfassung

Um den Mechanismus zu erklären, der für die schädigenden Einflüsse auf das Keimepithel bei experimentellem Kryptorchismus verantwortlich ist, wurde die Hypothese untersucht, wonach eine durchlässige Blut-Hoden-Schranke Ursache dieser Schäden ist. Die Permeabilität der besonders ausgebildeten Inter-Sertoli-Zell-Verbindungen für Lanthanum nach exp. Kryptorchismus wurde 0, 5 bis 12 Tage lang bei Ratten studiert. Zu keinem Zeitpunkt dieser Studie penetrierte Lanthanum durch die Inter-Sertoli-Zell- Verbindungen. Methodisch wurde eine einfache Lanthanum-Immersions-Technik benutzt. Man verwendete 15 Tage alte Ratten (vor der Entwicklung der genannten Schranke) als positive Kontrolle; in diesen Fällen war Lanthanum bis in das Lumen penetriert.     

辛伐他汀对冠心病患者血管内皮细胞功能障碍的治疗作用（英文）

目的：研究辛伐他汀对冠心病患者血管内皮细胞功能障碍的干预作用。方法：90例冠心病患者按LDL-C水平分为三组：辛伐他汀20mg组（37例,LDL-C≥2.5mmol/L）,辛伐他汀10mg组（35例,2.5mmol/L〉LDL-C≥1.8mmol/L）,常规治疗组（18例,LDL-C〈1.8mmol/L,未服辛伐他汀）,疗程均为8周。应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量受试者肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能（FMD）。应用硝酸还原酶法检测受试者一氧化氮（NO）的含量。常规检测血清TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C的浓度。结果：8周后,与治疗前比较,辛伐他汀20mg,10mg组TC、TG和LDL-C浓度明显下降（P均〈0.05）,而HDL-C明显升高（P均〈0.05）;辛伐他汀20mg组与10mg组间各指标差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;与常规治疗组比较,辛伐他汀20mg、10 mg组FMD[（6.01±0.49）%比（9.01±0.39）%比（9.01±0.47）%]明显改善（P均〈0.01）、血清NO含量[（38.97±8.89）μmol/L比（47.67±10.89）μmol/L比（45.61±9.09）μmol/L]明显升高（P均〈0.05）,辛伐他汀20mg、10 mg组两组间NO和FMD亦无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：辛伐他汀可增加冠心病患者一氧化氮含量,改善血管内皮细胞功能,其作用机制与降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白可能有一定关系,但该作用无明显的量效关系,可能独立于降脂作用之外。