Changes in the sociodemographic composition of the lowest socioeconomic group over time, 1987–2001

Background  

When comparing health differences of groups with equal socioeconomic status (SES) over time, the sociodemographic composition of such a SES group is considered to be constant. However, when the periods are sufficiently spaced in time, sociodemographic changes may have occurred. The aim of this study is to examine in which respects the sociodemographic composition of lowest SES group changed between 1987 and 2001.     

M1-GS RNA靶向作用于K562细胞的研究

目的；探讨带有导引序列的核糖核酸酶P亚单位M1 RNA(M1-GS RNA)转染白血病细胞株K562细胞后对bcr-abl融合基因mRNA及其表达产物的作用效应。方法：含有针对bcr-abl mRNA的M1-GS RNA表达质粒pAVGS4，以X-treme Q2介导转染K562细胞，设置空载体组作为对照，分别在转染后24，48，72和96h收集细胞，以Trizol试剂抽提总RNA，通过RT-PCR检测转染后不同时间bcr-abl mRNA的变化；在转染后48和96h，抽提总蛋白质，通过Western blot检测癌基因的表达产物P210在不同时间的变化。利用半固体琼脂培养方法观察pAVGS4对K562细胞集落形成的影响。结果：pAVGS4转染K562细胞后24，48，72和96h RT-PCR结果显示：在转染后24h，随时间的推移，实验组细胞内bcr-ablmRNA含量下降近1个对数级，72和96h实验组细胞内bcr-abl mRNA的含量接近，而对照组无明显改变。Western blot结果显示：实验组在48h的灰度值是同期对照组的10．4％，96h时为6．7％。K562细胞集落形成分析显示96h后集落抑制率达81．3％。结论：M1-GS RNA可以有效、特异地破坏bcr-abl mRNA，显著下调P210的表达，抑制K562集落形成。     

延续性护理对冠心病康复期患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨延续性护理对冠心病康复期患者生活质量的影响。方法选取80例冠心病患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用常规护理。观察组采用延续性护理。采用社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、中国心血管病人生活质量评定问卷(CCQQ)、服药依从性量表进行评分。比较两组护理前后服药依从性、社会功能及生活质量的差异。结果护理干预6个月后观察组完全按时服药31例,占77.5%,部分按时7例,占17.5%,服药依从率为95%,观察组服药依从性显著高于对照组(Z=-4.430,P0.01);两组护理前CCQQ评分比较无显著性差异(P0.05);护理干预6个月后,观察组一般生活功能评分为(9.21±0.36)、社会心理功能评分为(20.14±3.08)、工作状况评分为(5.32±0.51)、医疗情况评分为(5.12±0.45)、体力评分为(15.80±2.17)、病情评分为(16.23±2.46);两组CCQQ评分较护理前均有所提高(P0.05),但观察组升高幅度明显较大(P0.05);护理干预6个月后,观察组活动能力、依赖程度、社交能力、目前症状以及SDSS总分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论延续性护理可以有效提高冠心病患者的服药依从性、改善社会功能及生活质量,促进患者康复。     

The penetration of root canal sealers into dentinai tubules. A scanning electron microscopic study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smear layer on penetration of four root canal sealers into dentinai tubules. Sixty-four, recently extracted, human maxillary and mandibular incisors were used. Following removal of the crowns, the pulps were extirpated and the root canals instrumented. The teeth were then divided into two groups. The teeth in the control group were irrigated with saline solution and the experimental group treated with EDTA and NaOCl. Each main group was then divided into four sub-groups and the root canals Oiled with Diaket, N2 Universal, SPAD and Forfenan as recommended by the manufacturers. The teeth were split longitudinally and examined using scanning electron microscopy. A quantitative assessment was made of sealer penetration into the dentinai tubules in the coronal, middle and apical parts of each root canal. It was observed that the smear layer obstructed the penetration of the tubules by the sealers. However, in the experimental group, the penetration into dentinai tubules was better with Diaket, N2 and SPAD, than with Forfenan (P > 0.01). It was concluded that this penetration could be affected by physical and chemical properties of root canal illing materials.     

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in mucosal fluids inhibits HIV-1

Despite the presence of HIV-1 in the oral cavity, transmission of the virus through saliva has not been proven. Consistent with these observations, we recently identified an endogenous 12 kD protein, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), in saliva which blocks HIV-1 infection in vitro. Whereas other salivary proteins tested were inactive, purified native or recombinant SLPI inhibited HIV-1 infection of human monocytes at 100 ng ml^?1. Levels of SLPI quantitated by ELISA in saliva from control and HIV-1 infected individuals exceeded this level, consistent with in vivo antiviral activity. As in saliva, levels of SLPI mRNA determined by Northern hybridization, and protein as assessed by immunohistochemistry in the salivary glands of control and infected populations were comparable. In contrast to adults, oral transmission occurs in infants, possibly due to their lack of fully developed salivary glands. To determine whether the inadequate antiviral protection might be compensated for by maternal sources, we evaluated breast milk samples obtained 6 months postpartum. Levels of SLPI were significantly lower than in saliva and not sufficient to provide antiviral protection in contrast to colostrum samples in which SLPI levels were equivalent to those in saliva and able to inhibit HIV-1 infection when tested in vitro. These data suggest that breast milk may provide transient antiviral activity in the newborn, but that this maternal source of SLPI is of insufficient duration to maintain protection against mucosal transmission of the virus over time. The high functional levels of SLPI in saliva and the low levels in mature breast milk correlate with negligible rates of HIV-1 transmission by saliva and higher rates by breast feeding.     

小干扰RNA在心肌细胞中对柯萨奇病毒B3复制的抑制作用研究

目的 通过在原代心肌细胞培养上研究小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)介导的基因干扰对病毒增殖的抑制和细胞内免疫清除作用,评价siRNA在治疗病毒性感染中的可能性.方法 体外制备BALB/c乳鼠心肌细胞,利用脂质体和电穿孔转染方法转染siRNA后感染病毒,流式细胞术、中性红染色和病毒致细胞病变作用(CPE)保护实验评价转染效率和细胞生长状态,空斑形成减少实验、RT-PCR等方法检测抑制病毒程度.结果 通过在HeLa细胞上的筛选,针对病毒不同区域的siRNA呈现出不同的抗病毒作用,靶序列位于2B区的siRNA-3753能显著抑制柯萨奇病毒B3(CVB3)感染.在原代培养的心肌细胞中,转染siRNA-3753后同样显示出很好的抗病毒效果,心肌的搏动、心肌细胞的生长状况保持着较好的状态.而病毒对照和非特异性siRNA-non感染24 h后,细胞停止搏动,逐步变圆,皱缩死亡.测定培养上清和细胞内的病毒滴度,电转siRNA-3753对病毒抑制率可以达到98.1%,脂质体转染siRNA-3753对病毒抑制率为78.2%.电穿孔转染效率可以达到56.03%,脂质体为9.0%.结论 针对CVB3基因组2B区的siRNA在保护心肌细胞抵抗CVB3病毒感染实验中具有抑制病毒复制作用.     

Identification of a self-association region within the SCA1 gene product, ataxin-1

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract within the SCA1 gene product, ataxin-1. Expansion of this tract is believed to result in a gain of function by the mutant protein, perhaps through altered self-associations or interactions with other cellular proteins. We have used the yeast two hybrid system to determine if ataxin-1 is capable of multimerization. This analysis revealed that ataxin-1 does have the ability to self-associate, however, this association does not appear to be influenced by expansion of the polyglutamine tract. Consistent with this finding, deletion analysis excluded the involvement of the polyglutamine tract in ataxin- 1 self-association, and instead localized the multimerization region to amino acids 495-605 of the wild type protein. These results, while identifying an ataxin-1 self-interaction region, fail to support a proposed model of polar-zipper mediated multimerization involving the ataxin-1 polyglutamine tract.      

Homozygous alpha6 integrin mutation in junctional epidermolysis bullosa with congenital duodenal atresia

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa with congenital pyloric or duodenal atresia is a distinct variant within this group of autosomal recessive blistering skin diseases. In this study we demonstrate, for the first time, a homozygous mutation in the alpha6 integrin gene (ITGA6) in a family with three affected individuals. For this purpose, we first determined the genomic organization of ITGA6, and placed the gene on chromosome 2q by high resolution radiation hybrid mapping. Heteroduplex analysis of PCR products containing the individual exons of ITGA6, followed by direct nucleotide sequencing, revealed that the proband was homozygous for a G-to-T transversion in the +1 position of intron 12. This mutation, 1856+1G-->T, affects an invariant base of the 5' donor splice site predicting aberrant splicing involving exon 12. The mutation was verified in the proband's DNA by restriction enzyme digestion which also confirmed that the parents were heterozygous carriers of this mutation. Altered expression of alpha6 integrin, which forms a heterodimer with the beta4 subunit at the dermal-epidermal junction, would explain fragility and blistering as a result of minor trauma to the skin.      

Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Importance of Early Treatment; Efficient Treatment with Electrosurgery

BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa is a challenging condition, both for the physicians and for the patients. Many surgical and medical approaches with different success rates have been undertaken. Early and appropriate intervention is a factor that significantly increases the success rate of the treatment of the disease.
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of electrosurgery treatment in early hidradenitis suppurativa.
MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised 12 patients aged between 29 and 38 years (mean, 34 years) with a diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa Grade I ( n =9) or Grade II ( n =3). A surgical method consisted of excision of the areas with nodules and sinuses, up to the level of subcutaneous fat tissue, and leaving the surgical defect for secondary healing.
RESULTS All patients completed the study. In 10 of 12 (83%) patients, 26 of 30 (86%) lesions, cure was observed in a mean of 16 days (range 15 to 21 days). Four lesions in 2 patients with Grade II became infected and required a short course of antibiotic therapy.
CONCLUSION Electrosurgery will decrease the need for other systemic treatments, owing to its high cure rates. Our results showed that electrosurgery should be considered a top alternative in the treatment algorithm of hidradenitis suppurativa.