Psychosocial Variables Related to Quantity of Alcohol Consumed at a Single Session by Young Czech Males

Results based on interviews with a representative sample of 1,050 men aged 22–33, all residents of Prague, Czechoslovakia, are presented. The number of drinks consumed during the last drinking session was the dependent variable in a hierarchical stepwise multiple regression using 32 developmental, social, psychological and situational measures as independent variables. In the stepwise procedure, 17 variables were accepted as statistically significant predictor of the last session's consumption. Undisciplined behaviour in childhood is the strongest developmental predictors of high consumption, tolerant drinking norm of friends is the best social predictor, an appreciative attitude toward intoxicating drinking is the primary psychological predictor, and the context of drinking (social versus nutritional) heads the situational predictors. In summary, the more or less enduring individual characteristics explain 17% of the consumption variance and the situational variables explain an additional 11%.     

影响新生儿通过瞬态声诱发耳声发射听力筛查的因素分析

目的探讨影响新生儿通过瞬态声诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)听力筛查的相关因素。 方法选择2005年10月至2006年9月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院出生并于本院儿科接受初次听力筛查的746例正常新生儿的临床病历资料为研究对象,采用TEOAE技术于新生儿出生后(2～3)d进行听力测试。探讨影响新生儿未通过TEOAE听力筛查的因素,如性别、耳别、娩出方式、脐带和胎盘因素、新生儿黄疸、母亲妊娠期疾病等(本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准)。 结果本组746例接受新生儿普遍听力筛查者中,未通过初筛者为115例(15.42%)。新生儿不同性别、不同娩出方式的TEOAE通过率间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而耳别、脐带和胎盘因素、新生儿黄疸、母亲妊娠期疾病(如先兆流产、细菌或病毒感染、妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病)的TEOAE通过率间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论耳别、脐带和胎盘因素、新生儿黄疸、母亲妊娠期疾病是影响新生儿通过TEOAE听力筛查的因素。     

A phytochemical-based medication search for the SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular docking models towards spike glycoproteins and main proteases

Identifying best bioactive phytochemicals from different medicinal plants using molecular docking techniques demonstrates a potential pre-clinical compound discovery against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The in silico screening of bioactive phytochemicals with the two druggable targets of SARS-CoV-2 by simple precision/extra precision molecular docking methods was used to compute binding affinity at its active sites. phyllaemblicin and cinnamtannin class of phytocompounds showed a better binding affinity range (−9.0 to −8.0 kcal mol⁻¹) towards both these SARS-CoV-2 targets; the corresponding active site residues in the spike protein were predicted as: Y453, Q496, Q498, N501, Y449, Q493, G496, T500, Y505, L455, Q493, and K417; and M^pro: Q189, H164, H163, P168, H41, L167, Q192, M165, C145, Y54, M49, and Q189. Molecular dynamics simulation further established the structural and energetic stability of protein–phytocompound complexes and their interactions with their key residues supporting the molecular docking analysis. Protein–protein docking using ZDOCK and Prodigy server predicted the binding pose and affinity (−13.8 kcal mol⁻¹) of the spike glycoprotein towards the human ACE2 enzyme and also showed significant structural variations in the ACE2 recognition site upon the binding of phyllaemblicin C compound at their binding interface. The phyllaemblicin and cinnamtannin class of phytochemicals can be potential inhibitors of both the spike and M^pro proteins of SARS-CoV-2; furthermore, its pharmacology and clinical optimization would lead towards novel COVID-19 small-molecule therapy.

Identifying best bioactive phytochemicals from different medicinal plants using molecular docking techniques demonstrates a potential pre-clinical compound discovery against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.     

VSD治疗大面积皮肤软组织缺损的疗效观察

目的:分析采用持续封闭负压引流治疗创伤性大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法:采用封闭式负压引流技术治疗我科收治的14例大面积创伤性皮肤软组织缺损患者,敷料覆盖创面,维持负压,治疗5～7d后,去除敷料行二期植皮术。结果:14例患者中12例患者二期植皮一次成功,2例患者行二次封闭式负压引流治疗后植皮全部成活。结论:封闭式负压引流能有效清除创伤性大面积软组织缺损患者创面的分泌物和坏死组织,减轻炎症性刺激,促进肉芽生长,提高植皮成功率,明显缩短治疗时间,减轻换药痛苦,值得临床推广。     

Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity,plasma malondialdehyde and erythrocyte glutathione levels in hemodialysis and CAPD patients

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) due to chronic renal failure. Increased lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidants may contribute to increased risk of atherosclerosis. We have therefore assessed the effect of hemodialysis and CAPD on oxidant and antioxidant status. DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activities were determined in 20 healthy persons (control), 20 patients on HD, 16 patients on CAPD. RESULTS: MDA was elevated in posthemodialysis and CAPD patients in comparison to prehemodialysis and control groups (posthemodialysis 1.39 +/- 0.38 nmol/mL, CAPD 1.26 +/- 0.27 nmol/mL, prehemodilaysis 0.83 +/- 0.22 nmol/mL, controls 0.72 +/- 0.21 nmol/mL p < 0.0001). With respect to antioxidants, glutathione levels were significantly lower in prehemodialysis, posthemodialysis and CAPD groups than those in control group (prehemodialysis 16.82 +/- 6.73 mg/dL RBC, posthemodialysis 31.43 +/- 11.88 mg/dL RBC, CAPD 40 +/- 12.72 mg/dL RBC, controls 62.26 +/- 24.01 mg/dL RBC, p < 0.0001). While erythrocyte GSH levels were significantly lower in the prehemodialysis patients than those in posthemodialysis and CAPD patients (p < 0.0001), it was significantly lower in posthemodialysis patients than those in CAPD patients (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences with respect to erythrocyte Gpx levels among the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate oxidative stress in patients with chronic renal failure which is further exacerbated by hemodialysis and CAPD, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and low antioxidant levels.     

Effect on renin release of inhibiting renal nitric oxide synthesis in anaesthetized dogs

Nitric oxide plays an important role in the regulation of basal renal blood flow. This study was performed to examine whether selective inhibiti± of renal nitric oxide synthesis affects renin release in vivo. Accordingly, in six barbiturate-anaesthetized dogs renin release was examined before and after intrarenal infusion of the selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, N^G-nitro-l -arginine (NOARG). NOARG was infused into the renal artery to yield a renal arterial blood concentration of 0.4 μmol ml^-1. NOARG did not change systemic arterial blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate, but reduced basal renal blood flow by 26 ± 2%. Urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion were reduced after inhibition of renal nitric oxide synthesis. Basal renin release (3 ± 2 μg AI min^-1) was not altered by NOARG infusion (1 ± 1 μg AI min^-1). To stimulate renin release the renal artery was constricted to a renal perfusion pressure of 50 mmHg. At this perfusion pressure infusion of NOARG reduced renin release significantly from 48 ± 11 μg AI min^-1to 14 ± 4 μg AI min^-1. In conclusion, inhibition of renal nitric oxide synthesis reduces basal renal blood flow and reduces renin release stimulated by renal arterial constriction. These findings indicate that renal nitric oxide modulates both renal blood flow and renin release in vivo.     

不同水化方案预防冠状动脉介入术后造影剂肾病的临床研究

目的 探讨不同水化方案对冠状动脉介入诊疗术后造影剂肾病(CIN)的预防作用.方法 选择2010年10月至2011年10月在北京安贞医院行冠状动脉造影或介入治疗的627例患者作为研究对象,完全随机分为生理盐水组(161例)、碳酸氢钠组(159例)、生理盐水加N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)口服组(157例)和碳酸氢钠加NAC口服组(150例).所有患者均使用低渗非离子型造影剂.观察各组CIN的发生情况.结果 CIN总发生率为4.47％ (28/627),生理盐水组、碳酸氢钠组、生理盐水+NAC口服组、碳酸氢钠+NAC口服组的CIN发生率分别为2.48％(4/161)、4.40％ (7/159)、5.10％ (8/157)、6.00％ (9/150),差异无统计学意义(P =0.483);在糖尿病合并肾功能不全患者中,应用不同干预方式的4组CIN发生率间差异无统计学意义(分别为2/6、3/5、2/7、2/10,P =0.493).结论 生理盐水、碳酸氢钠及NAC对于降低CIN发生率无明显差异,但在糖尿病合并肾功能不全的高危患者中,碳酸氢钠联合NAC可能优于单独应用等渗晶体液水化,有降低CIN发生的趋势.     

Immunophenotypic characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid cells in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis

The presence of meningeal involvement in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Conventional methods of diagnosing central nervous system (CNS) leukemia rely on the interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell morphology, which may produce ambiguous results in the presence of minimal leukemic involvement. A methodology has been developed for immunophenotyping small numbers of CSF cells while preserving cell morphology. CSF samples from 33 children with CD10 (common ALL antigen [CALLA]) positive ALL were examined at initial presentation using both conventional morphology and this combined immunohistopathologic technique. Six (18%) of the samples contained lymphoblasts or cells considered morphologically suspicious for leukemic involvement. Nine additional samples (27% of the total) had normal CSF morphology, but contained increased numbers of CALLA positive cells. Twelve of the 33 samples were also examined for the simultaneous presence of nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and demonstrated increased numbers of cells positive for both TdT and CD10. These data suggest that a large proportion of children with ALL may have abnormalities of CSF cells at initial diagnosis consistent with the presence of occult leukemic involvement.     

对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力特征的探讨

目的 探讨注意力缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的智力特征。方法 使用韦氏儿童智力量表对根据美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断的154例6~14岁ADHD儿童进行智力测试,并与102名正常儿童比较。结果 ADHD儿童FIQ在70~129,其中智力超常0例(0.0%),高常6例(3.90%),平常112例(72.73%),边缘36例(23.37%);ADHD儿童的VIQ、PIQ和FIQ及Kaufman三个因子得分均较正常儿童低(P＜0.01);在各分测验上ADHD儿童除“知识”外余10个测验得分均低于正常儿童(P＜0.01);ADHD儿童和正常儿童FIQ和PIQ之间的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.01);ADHD儿童｜VIQ-PIQ｜差值>15者比例与正常儿童无显著性差异(P＞0.01);ADHD儿童和正常儿童Kaufman3个因子得分之间的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.01)。 结论 ADHD儿童的智力水平低于正常儿童,但不存在言语智商和操作智商分离以及智力结构不平衡。     

Labyrinthine ossification: etiologies and CT findings

Ossification of the membranous labyrinth (labyrinthitis ossificans) develops as the final result of many inflammatory processes, for example, meningitis, blood-borne septic emboli, middle ear infection, and cholesteatoma. Labyrinthine ossification may also occur as a result of previous labyrinthectomy or secondary to trauma. Seven cases of labyrinthine ossification accompanied by severe vertigo and total hearing loss in the affected ear are discussed. The computed tomographic appearance of varying degrees of ossification, the clinical and surgical circumstances from which this disorder may develop, and the various approaches to labyrinthectomy are described.