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51.
Carsten Fülber Dan E. Demco Ofer Weintraub Bernhard Blümich 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1996,197(2):581-593
The transverse nuclear 1H magnetization decay in poly(styrene-co-butadiene) (SBR) is investigated by editing 13C NMR spectra. This technique allows for the assignment of localized 1H dynamical information by discriminating the chemical sites based on their chemical shift in the 13C dimension. Here, the homo- and heteronuclear dipolar couplings contribute to the 1H NMR relaxation giving additional information to a homonuclear experiment. In this heteronuclear 2D experiment two prominent peaks are observed in the 13C dimension, which correspond to CH and CH2 groups, respectively. The decay rate in the 1H dimension is found for both groups to scale with the crosslink density. An additional ultra-fast magnetization decay is reported. The effect of the carbon black filler is investigated for this component. The analysis of the 13C NMR edited transverse 1H magnetization relaxation is a useful tool in combining high resolution NMR spectra with information on molecular dynamics, providing insight into crosslink density and filler effects. 相似文献
52.
CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Verrey F Closs EI Wagner CA Palacin M Endou H Kanai Y 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2004,447(5):532-542
The SLC7 family is divided into two subgroups, the cationic amino acid transporters (the CAT family, SLC7A1–4) and the glycoprotein-associated amino acid transporters (the gpaAT family, SLC7A5–11), also called light chains or catalytic chains of the hetero(di)meric amino acid transporters (HAT). The associated glycoproteins (heavy chains) 4F2hc (CD98) or rBAT (D2, NBAT) form the SLC3 family. Members of the CAT family transport essentially cationic amino acids by facilitated diffusion with differential trans-stimulation by intracellular substrates. In some cells, they may regulate the rate of NO synthesis by controlling the uptake of l-arginine as the substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The heterodimeric amino acid transporters are, in contrast, quite diverse in terms of substrate selectivity and function (mostly) as obligatory exchangers. Their selectivity ranges from large neutral amino acids (system L) to small neutral amino acids (ala, ser, cys-preferring, system asc), negatively charged amino acid (system xc–) and cationic amino acids plus neutral amino acids (system y+L and b0,+-like). Cotransport of Na+ is observed only for the y+L transporters when they carry neutral amino acids. Mutations in b0,+-like and y+L transporters lead to the hereditary diseases cystinuria and lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), respectively. 相似文献
53.
Prognostic value of MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1,-2 immunoreactive protein at the invasive front in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Ondruschka C Buhtz P Motsch C Freigang B Schneider-Stock R Roessner A Boltze C 《Pathology, research and practice》2002,198(8):509-515
In head and neck cancer as well as in other carcinomas, tumor expansion and spread to distant sites require the secretion of destructive enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix. A variety of proteases contribute to matrix destruction. Characteristics of the invasive tumor front may reflect tumor prognosis better than do other parts of the tumor. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to (i) compare central and peripheral tumor zones for differences in the expression of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) -2 and -9 and their naturally occurring inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of matrix-metalloproteinases (TIMP) -1 and -2), (ii) examine the morphological potential of malignancy, and (iii) correlate these findings with clinicopathological parameters. The study population consisted of 106 surgical specimens of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. The invasive front was graded for malignancy, and immunohistochemical staining with MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 antibodies was performed. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 were found to be significantly overexpressed at the tumor front. The MMP-2-positive invasive front exhibited diminished overall survival times. In multivariate analysis, MMP-2 expression retained its correlation with overall survival in addition to nodal status and total malignancy score. Expression of TIMP-2 correlated with local tumor invasion. We conclude that the expression of MMP-2 at the invasive front is a marker of poor survival and appears to be associated with early recurrence in initially lymph node-negative patients. 相似文献
54.
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56.
S?ren L Petersen Hans O Madsen Lars P Ryder A Svejgaard Tania N Masmas Ebbe Dickmeiss Carsten Heilmann Lars L Vindel?v 《Biology of blood and marrow transplantation》2004,10(5):337-346
Chimerism analysis of hematopoietic cells has emerged as an essential tool in nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We have investigated the development of donor chimerism in granulocytes and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in blood and bone marrow of 24 patients with hematologic malignancies who received HLA-identical sibling peripheral blood stem cell grafts after conditioning with fludarabine and 2 Gy of total body irradiation. The T-cell chimerism of blood and bone marrow was tightly correlated. Complete donor chimerism was reached earlier in the granulocytes than in the T cells. Mixed T-cell chimerism was common at the time of onset of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and both CD4(+) and CD8(+) donor T-cell chimerism increased with the occurrence of aGVHD grades II to IV (P =.0002 and P =.019, respectively). The rate of disappearance of recipient CD8(+) T cells was faster in patients with aGVHD grades II to IV than in patients without clinically significant aGVHD (P =.016). This observation indicates a role of graft-versus-lymphohematopoietic tissue reactions in creating complete donor T-cell chimerism. A donor CD8(+) T-cell count above the median on day +14 increased the risk of subsequent development of aGVHD grades II to IV (P =.003). 相似文献
57.
Yasmin Mehraein Carsten Lennerz Sandra Ehlhardt Klaus D Zang Henning Madry 《Journal of clinical virology》2004,31(1):25-31
BACKGROUND: Psoriatic arthropathy occurs as complicating feature in about 5-7% of psoriasis patients. Infectious mechanisms including viral antigens have been suggested by serologic data as CD8 T cellular specifity towards viral epitopes. OBJECTIVE AND RESULTS: We here reported a case of a 32-year-old male psoriatic arthritis patient, where we could demonstrate simultaneous infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type I (HSV1) and parvovirus B19 (B19), as well as latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection within the synovial tissue by immunohistochemistry (CMV, parvovirus B19, HSV1, EBV-LMP) and DNA-in situ-hybridization (CMV). Serologic examination revealed positive EBV and parvovirus B19-IgG-antibodies, but no antibody response to HSV1 and CMV. CONCLUSION: This case is of special interest, since replicative viral infections have not yet been demonstrated localised in the psoriatic arthritis synovia. Thus, with particular regard to the limited information of the serologic data and the possible need of immuno suppressive therapy direct synovial testing for viral antigenes may be considered in psoriatic arthritis patients. 相似文献
58.
In acute experiments the sciatic nerve of the rat is electrically stimulated to induce fatigue in the medial Gastrocnemius
muscle. Fatigue tests are carried out using intermittent stimulation of different compartments (sequential) or a single compartment
(synchronous) of the sciatic nerve. The activation of different compartments is achieved by dividing nerve fibres into subbundles
and placing them in separate grooves in a multigroove electrode. The aim of the investigation is to quantify the effect of
sequential contra synchronised stimulation in reducing muscle fatigue, with no overlap between compartments. Overlap between
two compartments is calculated using the combined and individual forces from both compartments. Sequential stimulation of
two and three compartments is investigated. There is a significant decrease of fatigue in sequential stimulation compared
to synchronous. After 2 min of intermittent stimulation the force time level is significantly increased in sequential stimulation,
than in synchronous stimulation. The rate of force time decrease is significantly slower in sequential stimulation than in
synchronous stimulation. With sequential stimulation it takes significantly longer before the maximal force time is reached
than with synchronous stimulation. 相似文献
59.
H. A. Künkel H. Schniewind K. Thomsen 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1959,37(6):303-304
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
60.
Ferdinand von Meyenn Martin Schaefer Heike Weighardt Stefan Bauer Carsten J. Kirschning Hermann Wagner Tim Sparwasser 《Immunobiology》2006,211(6-8):557
Recognition of mycobacteria by the innate immune system is essential for the development of an adaptive immune response. Mycobacterial antigens stimulate antigen presenting cells (APCs) through distinct Toll-like receptors (TLRs) resulting in rapid activation of the innate immune system. The role of TLRs during infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been evaluated for TLR2 and TLR4 only. Surprisingly, despite the fact that immune stimulatory CpG-motifs have been originally derived from BCG, for the vaccine strain the role of TLR9 has not been addressed before. To identify the set of TLRs involved in the recognition of BCG, we infected bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (Flt3-ligand generated DCs) from TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, MyD88 knockout, TLR2/4 and TLR2/4/9 multiple knockout mice. The degree of activation and stimulation was determined by TNFα, IL-6 and IL-12p40 ELISA. Activation of DCs was measured by surface expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86. We observed the most dramatic reduction of the inflammatory response for TLR2-deficient antigen presenting cells. Both macrophages and DCs produce markedly decreased amounts of TNFα and IL-6 in the absence of TLR2 whereas no significant reduction could be observed for TLR3, 4, 7, 9 single TLR-knockouts. However, IL-12 production in DCs appears not exclusively dependent on TLR2 and only in TLR2/4/9-deficient DCs BCG-induced IL-12 is reduced to background levels. Similarly, up-regulation of CD86 is abolished only in TLR2/4/9-deficient DCs supporting a role of TLR9 in the recognition of M. bovis BCG by murine dendritic cells. 相似文献