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61.
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A A Pontual DP de Melo SM de Almeida FN Bóscolo F Haiter Neto 《Dento maxillo facial radiology》2010,39(7):431-436
Objectives
The aims of this study were (1) to compare the accuracy of the detection of approximal enamel caries lesions using three intraoral storage phosphor plate digital systems and one conventional film-based radiographic system; and (2) to determine whether there is a correlation between the histological and radiographic measurements of enamel caries.Methods
160 approximal surfaces were radiographed under standardized conditions using three storage phosphor stimulable systems (DenOptix and Digora FMX with white and blue plates), and one film system (Insight film). 17 observers scored the images for the presence and depth of caries using a 4-point scale. The presence of caries was validated histologically (gold standard). Two-way analysis of variance was used to test the differences in sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy (TP + TN). The data from the radiographic and histological measurements were statistically analysed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results
Two-way analysis of variance and the post hoc t-test demonstrated that Digora (white plate) had higher specificity and overall accuracy values than DenOptix (P = 0.021); there was no statistically significant difference among the other imaging modalities (P > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the histological depth measurements and the radiographic measurements from Digora (blue plate) (P = 0.43), Digora (white plate) (P = 0.15), DenOptix (P = 0.17) and Insight film (P = 0.06).Conclusions
The results suggest that (1) the performance of the three storage phosphor image plate systems was similar to that of the Insight film for detection of approximal enamel caries, and (2) the increase in histological depth of enamel caries was not significantly correlated with radiographic measurements. 相似文献63.
The optics of eccentric photo refraction are analysed. The variation of photo refractive lunula area with refractive error, pupil size, flash eccentricity and camera aperture were calculated using a model eye. Measurements from photographs of paraxial (eccentric) photo refraction of model eyes show that a good agreement exists between theory and experiment over a range of refractive errors from — 10 D to +10 D. Calculations were also made for a standard reduced eye. The optimal set-up for measuring refractive error accurately over a wide range of refractive states is discussed, as are the problems which arise from non-central fixation. 相似文献
64.
Affect regulation, nicotine addiction, and smoking cessation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
T P Carmody 《Journal of psychoactive drugs》1989,21(3):331-342
Numerous investigators have examined the role of negative affective states and affect regulation in the initiation and development of cigarette smoking behavior, smoking cessation, and relapse prevention. Affect regulation refers to any attempt to alleviate negative mood states by means of pharmacologic-, cognitive-, behavioral- or environmental-change methods. The psychological construct/process of affect regulation is examined in relation to (1) the initiation, development, and maintenance of the cigarette smoking habit; (2) the process of quitting smoking; and (3) the long-term maintenance of smoking abstinence versus relapse. Various psychosocial factors and physiological mechanisms are explored that have been hypothesized to be links between negative mood states, nicotine addiction, and smoking cessation. Implications for smoking cessation treatment are discussed in the areas of (1) the use of pharmacologic agents, such as clonidine, in the reduction of nicotine withdrawal symptoms; (2) nicotine replacement therapy; and (3) skills-training approaches to smoking cessation and relapse prevention. 相似文献
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Opiate receptors: an introduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J J Carmody 《Anaesthesia and intensive care》1987,15(1):27-37
Current status of opiate receptors and their agonists is reviewed--basic aspects of receptor theory, the importance of stereospecificity in drug-receptor interactions and the role of 'second messengers' in drug action. The three classes of endogenous opioids, originating from three distinct genes, are discussed: pro-opiomelanocortin, giving rise to beta-endorphin, ACTH and various MSHs; pro-enkephalin, giving methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin; and prodynorphin; their anatomical distribution and the main classes of receptors with which they interact, the mu-receptor, with a high affinity for met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin (as well as morphine and dynorphin A); the delta-receptor for which the primary ligand is leu-enkephalin; and the kappa-receptor which is the main target for the dynorphins. Functional roles for endogenous opioids are considered. Essentially they are inhibitory to target neurones, depressing motor reflexes, baroreflexes and nociception. They also have roles in the response to physical and psychological stress. 相似文献
68.
Moore AD; Godwin JD; Muller NL; Naidich DP; Hammar SP; Buschman DL; Takasugi JE; de Carvalho CR 《Radiology》1989,172(1):249-254
The authors retrospectively evaluated radiographs, computed tomographic (CT) scans, and results of pulmonary function tests (when available) for 17 patients with biopsy-proved pulmonary histiocytosis X. In 11 patients, high-resolution CT was used. In 12 patients, CT demonstrated cystic air spaces, usually less than 10 mm in diameter. In three of these 12, cysts were the only abnormality, but in six others, nodules (usually less than 5 mm in diameter) were also present. Two patients had only nodules and one, only emphysema. CT showed that many lesions that appeared reticular on plain radiographs were actually cysts. CT showed no central or peripheral concentration of lesions, but it did reveal that many small nodules were distributed in the centers of secondary lobules around small airways. CT findings correlated better with the diffusing capacity (rho = -0.71) than did the plain radiographic findings (rho = -0.57). Thus, CT was better than radiography at showing the morphology and distribution of lung abnormalities. 相似文献
69.
70.
不同孔径纳米羟基磷灰石人工骨修复兔桡骨缺损效果比较 总被引:4,自引:7,他引:4
目的:纳米级的羟基磷灰石材料与人体内组织成分更为相似,具有更佳的生物性能。评价不同孔径的多孔纳米羟基磷灰石人工骨的骨缺损修复能力,从而筛选出适合的孔径以达到骨传导功能与生物力学性能的良好统一。方法:实验于2005-10/2006-10在深圳市第二人民医院中心实验室完成。①实验材料:纳米羟基磷灰石人工骨以硝酸钙和磷酸二氢铵为原料,采用溶胶-絮凝法制备粉体,运用压力成型、木模成型和浸渍成型分别制得孔隙分布均匀的孔径分别为50~150μm、100~250μm和300~500μm的多孔纳米羟基磷灰石人工骨。②实验动物:雄性新西兰大白兔60只随机分为植入50~150μm孔径材料组、植入100~250μm孔径材料组、植入300~500μm孔径材料组、空白对照组,每组15只。实验过程中对动物处置符合动物伦理学要求。③实验方法:制备双侧桡骨骨缺损动物模型,然后用3种不同孔径的纳米羟基磷灰石人工骨材料植入骨缺损处进行修复,空白对照组不植入任何材料。④实验评估:术后4,8和12周分别行大体标本观察、X射线片观察、扫描电镜观察及生物力学测试,比较各组材料修复骨缺损的能力。结果:实验动物均进入结果分析。①X射线片检查结果:术后4周、8周、12周,植入100~250μm孔径材料组X射线评分高于植入50~150μm,300~500μm孔径材料组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。②生物力学检测结果:术后4周、8周、12周,植入100~250μm孔径材料组生物力学强度高于植入50~150μm,300~500μm孔径材料组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。③扫描电镜观察结果:植入100~250μm孔径材料组成骨效果明显优于植入50~150μm,300~500μm孔径材料组和空白对照组。结论:纳米羟基磷灰石人工骨具有良好的成骨能力,但其骨修复能力受孔径因素的影响,孔径100~250μm的纳米羟基磷灰石人工骨材料成骨能力较好。 相似文献