Oxidation of cytosolic proteins and expression of creatine kinase BB in frontal lobe in different neurodegenerative disorders

The presence of the biomarkers of oxidative damage, protein carbonyl formation and the inactivation of oxidatively sensitive brain creatine kinase (CK BB, cytosolic isoform), were studied in frontal lobe autopsy specimens obtained from patients with different age-related neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PkD), diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and age-matched control subjects. The CK activity was significantly reduced in the frontal lobe of AD, PkD and DLBD subjects, and CK BB-specific mRNA was significantly reduced in AD and DLBD. Protein carbonyl content was significantly increased in AD, PkD and DLBD. The results of this study confirm that the presence of biomarkers of oxidative damage is related to the presence of histopathological markers of neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that oxidative damage contributes to the development of the symptoms of frontal dysfunction in AD, PkD and DLBD. The development of frontal dysfunction in idiopathic PD might be secondary to oxidative damage and neuronal loss primarily located in the nigrostriatal system. The results of CK BB expression analysis demonstrate that the loss of the isoenzyme in different neurodegenerative diseases is likely the consequence of its posttranslational modification, possibly oxidative damage. Changes in CK BB expression may be an early indicator of oxidative stress in neurons.     

Vitamin E as an antioxidant/free radical scavenger against amyloid beta-peptide-induced oxidative stress in neocortical synaptosomal membranes and hippocampal neurons in culture: insights into Alzheimer's disease

Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), the major constituent in senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, is thought by many researchers to be central to neurotoxicity in AD brain. Increasing evidence from many laboratories indicates that AD brain is under oxidative stress, with strong evidence of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and peroxynitrite damage. A link between the central role of Abeta and oxidative stress in AD brain may be Abeta-associated free radical oxidative stress. If so, antioxidants such as vitamin E should modulate Abeta-induced oxidative damage and neurotoxicity in brain cells. This review summarizes studies of Abeta-associated free radical oxidative stress and its inhibition by vitamin E in cortical synaptosomal membranes and hippocampal neuronal cells in culture. Taken together with the recent report that vitamin E slows the progression of AD, this review strongly supports a central role of Abeta-associated free radical oxidative stress in neurotoxicity in AD brain.     

Early mobilization following angioplasty

AIM: To assess the incidence of puncture site complications in in-patients undergoing early mobilization following angioplasty with a view to performing day case angioplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight patients undergoing peripheral and renal angioplasty using a sheath size of up to 6 French were recruited prospectively. The mobilization protocol consisted of supine bed rest for 2 h, followed by gradual mobilization, so that the patient was ambulant 4 h after the procedure. Mobilization was delayed if clinically appropriate. Puncture sites were scored for discomfort, paraesthesia, visible bruising and palpable haematoma after groin compression and the following morning. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four puncture sites were studied. There were 44 haematomas in total, of which 37 (26%) were less than 2.5 cm and seven (4.9%) were between 2.5 cm and 7.5 cm. Four patients (2.8%) had visible bruising greater than 7.5 cm. No patient assessed discomfort higher than moderate at any stage. Mobilization was delayed in 15 patients. In 11 this was due to puncture site oozing, haematoma in one, two were hypertensive and one required surgery for limb ischaemia. All complications occurred within 4 h of angioplasty. No patient required surgery or transfusion for haemorrhagic complications. CONCLUSION: Mobilization at 4 h was successful in 90% of cases but 10% require more prolonged bed rest. No delayed complications occurred. These results suggest that day case angioplasty is feasible in most cases.Butterfield, J. S. (2000). Clinical Radiology55, 874-877 Copyright 2000 The Royal College of Radiologists.     

膀胱移行细胞癌微卫星不稳定性及其机制的研究

目的　探讨膀胱移行细胞癌 (BTCC)染色体微卫星不稳定性的表现及与基因突变的关系。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)方法检测 4 0例 BTCC患者 5个微卫星位点的改变 ,同时用同样的方法检测癌组织中BAX基因和转化生长因子 (TGF) - β 型受体基因移码突变的情况。结果　至少发生一个微卫星位点改变的阳性率为 82 % (33/ 4 0 ) ,D9S16 2、D16 S4 76、D9S5 4、FGA和干扰素 (IFN) - A1位点改变各自的阳性率分别为 5 8%(2 3/ 4 0 )、 4 2 % (17/ 4 0 )、 38% (15 / 4 0 )、 4 8% (19/ 4 0 )和 5 5 % (2 2 / 4 0 ) ,阳性检出率与良性病变差异有显著性 ,与肿瘤的分期分级无显著相关性。发生微卫星改变的 33例中 ,33% (11/ 33)和 4 2 % (14 / 33)分别可见 TGF- β 型受体基因和 BAX基因的移码突变。结论　检测染色体微卫星的改变是 BTCC早期诊断、监测复发的有效手段 ,染色体微卫星改变可能是 BTCC发生过程中多基因突变的一种表现形式     

软式膀胱尿道镜检查技巧

目的 :提高软式膀胱尿道镜检查的技术水平。方法 :报告软式膀胱尿道镜检查的成功经验及所遇问题。结果 :软式膀胱尿道镜对膀胱、尿道的观察均具有明显的优势 ,可完成活检、插管、取异物等多项操作。结论 :软式膀胱尿道镜检查痛苦小 ,可替代硬式膀胱尿道镜 ,使用广泛 ;熟练掌握软式膀胱尿道镜的操作技巧是检查成功及延长使用寿命的关键     

异丙酚对神经元缺氧损伤的保护及其作用机制

目的　研究异丙酚对离体大鼠海马神经元缺氧损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法　以原代培养的大鼠海马神经元作为研究对象 ,建立缺氧、H2 O2 和谷氨酸损伤模型 ,用MTT法测定神经元存活率。采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜动态监测缺氧前后 ,单个海马神经元内Ca2 + 浓度和线粒体膜电位 (△Ψm)的变化。用电子自旋共振技术测定异丙酚对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。结果　 6～ 4 8mg·L-1浓度的异丙酚可明显降低神经元缺氧损伤时的细胞死亡率 (P <0 0 1) ,作用程度均呈剂量相关 (r =0 89,P <0 0 5 ) ;2 4～ 4 8mg·L-1浓度的异丙酚可明显降低H2 O2 损伤时的细胞死亡率 (P <0 0 1) ;12～ 4 8mg·L-1浓度的异丙酚可明显降低谷氨酸损伤时的细胞死亡率 (P <0 0 1)。 3～ 4 8mg·L-1异丙酚对缺氧诱发的细胞内钙离子超载有抑制作用(P <0 0 5 ) ;12、4 8mg·L-1异丙酚能减缓缺氧引起的△Ψm降低 (P <0 0 1)。 12、4 8mg·L-1异丙酚对羟基自由基的清除率分别为 17 1%和 2 1 1% ,但对超氧阴离子自由基无清除作用。结论　异丙酚对离体培养的大鼠海马神经元缺氧性损伤具有保护作用 ,其作用机制部分与异丙酚抑制缺氧引起的 [Ca2 + ]i 异常升高、抑制线粒体膜电位的下降和清除羟基自由基有关     

丙泊酚对N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸所致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

目的　探讨静脉麻醉药丙泊酚 (PPF)脑保护作用的可能机制。方法　乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)法及MTT比色法判断细胞损伤程度及细胞存活率 ,Fura 2 /AM荧光标记法测定细胞内Ca2 + 浓度 ( [Ca2 + ]i)的变化 ,分光光度法测定细胞一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)活性。结果　N 甲基 D 天冬氨酸 (NMDA) 3 0 0 μmol·L-1处理4h可明显导致PC1 2细胞的损伤 ,表现为LDH释放量明显增加 ,吸光度值A570nm明显降低 ,细胞存活率降低 ,同时 [Ca2 + ]i 和NOS活性则明显增加。PPF6.2 5 ,2 5 ,1 0 0 ,40 0 μmol·L-1与NMDA同时处理PC1 2细胞则使LDH释放量显著降低 ,细胞存活率增加。PPF 1 2 .5和 1 2 5 μmol·L-1可显著降低NMDA诱导的[Ca2 + ]i 水平及NOS活性的提高。结论　PPF对NMDA所致的PC1 2细胞损伤有明显的保护作用 ,其机制可能与其抑制NMDA受体的功能 ,降低 [Ca2 + ]i,减弱Ca2 + 超载 ,并降低NMDA诱导的NOS活性增加有关。提示PPF可能是通过抑制NMDA受体 Ca2 + NOS通路的功能而产生细胞保护效应     

白术对抗体形成细胞的作用研究

目的：观察白术对小鼠抗体形成细胞的作用。方法：用100％浓度白术浸出液定期给小鼠灌胃，然后检测小鼠抗体产生能力．特异玫瑰花环结形成细胞检测(SRFC)、血清IgG检测。结果：用药组以上三项免疫学指标均增高，结论：白术有明显促进抗体形成细胞的作用。     

视黄酸依赖反义cyclin D1对HL-60细胞增殖和分化的影响及其机制

目的 :探讨视黄酸 (retinoicacid ,RA)及其诱导的反义 (anti sense ,AS)cyclinD1对肿瘤细胞的协同抑制增殖与诱导分化效应及其机制。方法 :通过构建的含有视黄酸反应元件 (retinoicacidresponseelement ,RARE)的反义cyclinD1RNA表达载体 pCI neo/RARE3 TK/AscyclinD1,使反义cyclinD1的表达可受RA诱导调控。以脂质体转染HL 60白血病细胞后 ,运用生长曲线、MTT比色法和流式细胞仪分析检测细胞增殖功能 ,NBT还原实验和透射电镜观测细胞分化状况 ,western blot检测p16基因蛋白表达水平。结果 :反义cy clinD1转染和未转染的HL 60细胞经RA处理后 ,生长减慢 ,细胞被阻滞在G0 /G1期 ,分化能力明显增强 ,p16基因蛋白表达增加 ,其中 ,以反义cyclinD1转染细胞经RA处理后变化更为明显。结论 :RA及其诱导的反义cyclinD1可协同抑制HL 60细胞增殖和诱导细胞分化成熟 ,上调p16基因表达可能是其分子机制之一。     

Smoking among participants in the childhood cancer survivors cohort: the Partnership for Health Study.

PURPOSE: This article describes baseline data collection and the intervention design of Partnership for Health, a smoking cessation intervention for smokers in the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study. The purpose of this article is to evaluate demographic, psychosocial, and cancer-related factors that are associated with smoking behavior and mediators of smoking cessation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study includes 796 smokers from the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study database who were diagnosed with cancer before the age of 21, had survived at least 5 years, and were at least 18 years of age at the time of the baseline survey. Correlates of smoking behaviors included smoking rate, number of recent quit attempts, and nicotine dependence; two key mediators of smoking cessation, readiness to quit smoking and self-efficacy, were also assessed. RESULTS: Participants smoked, on average, 14 cigarettes/day; 53.2% were nicotine dependent, and 58% had made at least one quit attempt in the past year. Smoking behaviors were primarily associated with demographic variables; mediators of cessation were primarily associated with age at cancer diagnosis and perceived vulnerability to smoking-related illnesses. Severity of psychologic symptoms was associated with increased smoking rate, high nicotine dependence, and low self-efficacy. Support for quitting was related to smoking rate, number of quit attempts, readiness to quit smoking, and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that many cancer survivors who smoke are receptive to smoking cessation interventions. Factors related to mediators of smoking cessation might be particularly good targets for intervention.