先兆流产患者的心理因素分析及护理对策

目的:探讨先兆流产患者的心理状态及护理对策。方法:选取2005年1月-2010年12月于笔者所在医院进行治疗的300例先兆流产患者为研究对象,将其随机分为A组和B组各150例,A组进行常规的心理护理干预,B组采用循证模式进行心理护理干预,后将两组患者干预前后的SAS量表、SDS量表及SCL-90量表的评估结果进行比较。结果:干预前的评估结果显示两组患者均存在焦虑、抑郁、恐惧及其他明显的不良情绪,干预后B组的SAS量表、SDS量表及SCL量表的评估结果要明显优于A组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:先兆流产患者普遍存在焦虑、抑郁、恐惧及其他不良情绪,循证护理可显著改善患者的这些不良情绪。     

The pulmonary bioprosthetic heart valve: its unsuitability for use as an aortic valve replacement

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The porcine pulmonary bioprosthetic heart valve represents an alternative means of aortic valve replacement (AVR), though knowledge of its biomechanical function and characteristics is limited. The valve has potential advantages over the aortic bioprosthesis; notably, it lacks the muscular shelf of the right coronary cusp of the latter bioprosthesis. The study aim was to investigate the suitability of the porcine pulmonary bioprosthetic valve for AVR. METHODS: Porcine pulmonary and aortic roots were zero pressure-fixed with 0.5% buffered glutaraldehyde, characterized, and compared with fresh porcine pulmonary and aortic roots. The in-vitro analysis included assessment of mechanical properties, hydrodynamic function, geometry of the pulmonary root, and durability. RESULTS: The fixed pulmonary roots and fresh aortic roots were similar in certain aspects of mechanical response, notably leaflets in the radial direction and the root wall. The fixed pulmonary root was slightly more compliant than the fixed aortic root, and this led to an improvement in forward flow hydrodynamic function. The reverse flow hydrodynamic function of the pulmonary roots was poor; fresh pulmonary roots exhibited a trivial closed valve regurgitant volume. On fixation, this characteristic was aggravated, leading to a gross closed valve regurgitant volume in 50% of all fixed pulmonary roots. The cause of leakage was identified as a prolapsed anterior leaflet. Durability of the fixed pulmonary root was also inferior to that of the fixed aortic root; three fixed pulmonary roots subjected to accelerated fatigue testing showed signs of leaflet macroscopic damage. CONCLUSION: Overall, the performance of the porcine pulmonary bioprosthesis was far inferior to that of the currently used porcine aortic bioprosthesis. Hence, the porcine pulmonary bioprosthetic valve was deemed unsuitable for AVR.     

In vivo hematopoietic effects of recombinant interleukin-1 alpha in mice: stimulation of granulocytic, monocytic, megakaryocytic, and early erythroid progenitors, suppression of late-stage erythropoiesis, and reversal of erythroid suppression with erythropoietin

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) is a macrophage-derived, multifunctional cytokine that broadly potentiates myelopoiesis and induces the synthesis of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSF) in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the possibility for use of IL-1 alpha in ameliorating in vivo bone marrow suppression induced by drugs or radiation, we examined the in vivo effects of the cytokine on erythropoietic and other hematopoietic progenitor cells. Normal mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of recombinant human IL-1 alpha at varying doses and were assayed at various times post-treatment. By six hours postinjection, a significant suppression of mature erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) was observed in animals treated with IL-1 alpha (0.5 micrograms/mouse), with maximum suppression of CFU-E and peripheral blood reticulocyte counts occurring at 24 hours. Decreases in peripheral blood hematocrit did not occur after a single IL-1 alpha injection but were observed after multiple injections of the cytokine. The suppressive effects of IL-1 alpha on late-stage erythropoiesis were abrogated by simultaneous administration of erythropoietin (EPO). At 48 hours post-treatment, a marked stimulation was observed in the numbers of spleen and marrow immature erythroid (BFU-E), macrophage (CFU-M), granulocyte (CFU-G), granulocyte- macrophage (CFU-GM), and megakaryocyte (CFU-meg) progenitor cells. These results demonstrate the potential use of IL-1 alpha as a generalized stimulator of hematopoiesis and show that the cytokine- induced suppression of late-stage erythropoiesis can be prevented by EPO.     

Mosaicism for Dominant Collagen 6 Mutations as a Cause for Intrafamilial Phenotypic Variability

Collagen 6‐related dystrophies and myopathies (COL6‐RD) are a group of disorders that form a wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from severe Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, intermediate phenotypes, to the milder Bethlem myopathy. Both inter‐ and intrafamilial variable expressivity are commonly observed. We present clinical, immunohistochemical, and genetic data on four COL6‐RD families with marked intergenerational phenotypic heterogeneity. This variable expression seemingly masquerades as anticipation is due to parental mosaicism for a dominant mutation, with subsequent full inheritance and penetrance of the mutation in the heterozygous offspring. We also present an additional fifth simplex patient identified as a mosaic carrier. Parental mosaicism was confirmed in the four families through quantitative analysis of the ratio of mutant versus wild‐type allele (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) in genomic DNA from various tissues, including blood, dermal fibroblasts, and saliva. Consistent with somatic mosaicism, parental samples had lower ratios of mutant versus wild‐type allele compared with the fully heterozygote offspring. However, there was notable variability of the mutant allele levels between tissues tested, ranging from 16% (saliva) to 43% (fibroblasts) in one mosaic father. This is the first report demonstrating mosaicism as a cause of intrafamilial/intergenerational variability of COL6‐RD, and suggests that sporadic and parental mosaicism may be more common than previously suspected.     

髓芯减压结合aFGF并髂骨混合物植入治疗犬股骨头坏死的效果

目的探讨髓芯减压结合酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(aFGF)并髂骨混合物植入治疗犬股骨头坏死的效果。方法将13只成年健康杂种犬分为5组,A、B、C、D组用液氮冷冻法制备单侧股骨头坏死模型,然后A组(3只)采用髓芯减压结合aFGF并髂骨混合物植入进行治疗,B组(3只)采用髓芯减压后髂骨植入进行治疗,C组(3只)采用单纯髓芯减压进行治疗,D组(3只)作为造模后对照,E组(1只)作为空白对照。各组分别于术后4、8、12周行髋部MR检查,A~D组并在相应时间处死1只动物进行病理检查。结果 A、B、C、D组造模均成功,4周时A组即有明显血管和新骨生成,程度明显强于其他各组。8周时A组修复基本完成,12周时B组修复基本完成,C组修复缓慢。结论髓芯减压结合aFGF并髂骨混合物植入能促进犬股骨头坏死的修复。     

新生儿接种卡介苗引发淋巴结强反应56例分析

目的总结56例卡介苗所致淋巴结强反应的临床表现,评价局部治疗效果。方法收集2010年1月-2014年5月结核病门诊56例由卡介苗所致淋巴结强反应患儿,根据其临床表现,分别给予热敷、清创引流及敷药等局部治疗,并分析疗效。结果 1)分型:结节未液化型7例,液化型20例,脓肿破溃型23型,术后伤口未愈者6例。2)疗效:7例未液化型经局部热敷,5例结节缩小,2例结节液化;22(20+2)例液化型经穿刺针吸及结节内注射异烟肼,均化脓破溃;45(23+22)例脓肿破溃型经清创引流,利福平外敷,伤口愈合;6例手术后伤口未愈者经清创引流、利福平外敷,伤口愈合。结论新生儿接种卡介苗所致淋巴结强反应临床表现多样,局部治疗效果好。     

预混胰岛素联合格列美脲治疗2型糖尿病临床观察

目的观察应用较大剂量胰岛素联合非促泌剂治疗血糖仍然控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者增加格列美脲的疗效及对胰岛素使用剂量的影响。方法选择每日胰岛素用量均≥40单位的患者,所选病例在饮食及运动量不变的情况下,随机分为原方案组(胰岛素组)和加用格列美脲组(格列美脲组),胰岛素组根据血糖情况继续增加胰岛素剂量至血糖控制理想,格列美脲组在原治疗方案的基础上加用格列美脲,根据血糖情况调整胰岛素和格列美脲的剂量。比较治疗12周后两组治疗前后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白的变化、胰岛素日剂量、低血糖事件、体重和血脂的变化。结果治疗前后比较,格列美脲组血糖控制明显好于胰岛素组,胰岛素日剂量明显降低,体重低于胰岛素组,两组间低血糖事件比较差异无统计学意义;两组对血脂的影响差异无统计学意义。格列美脲组治疗后各项指标较治疗前也有明显好转。结论胰岛素联合非促泌剂血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者加用格列美脲后胰岛素的日剂量明显降低,在不增加低血糖和患者经济负担基础上持续改善患者的血糖控制,节省外源性胰岛素用量,体重低于单纯胰岛素组。     

心电监护仪智能化质控平台的研究

目的:设计一个对心电监护仪的质控管理平台,使检测人员能迅速、客观评判监护仪的质量控制结果并实现质控工作全流程的监控和记录.方法:通过对现行心电监护仪质量控制方法的深入研究,利用现有检测设备,采用数据库技术和基于神经网络的数字识别技术完成质控平台的设计.结果:该平台能够实现对心电监护仪质控数据的智能采集、识别、数据分析以及统计和评判工作.结论:该平台的应用将大大推动军队医院质控工作朝着准确、高效和客观的方向发展,增强心电监护仪的质控管理力度,提高医疗服务水平.     

L—精氨酸对动脉损伤后血浆α颗粒膜蛋白、纤溶活性和动脉内膜增生影响的实验研究

采用兔髂动脉球囊内皮剥脱术建立血管成形术动物模型,观察一氧化氮(NO)的前体L一精氨酸(L-Arg)对动脉损伤后血浆α颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)的动态变化和动脉新生内膜形成的影响.结果表明,对照组术后6h、24h、48h血浆GMP-140活性明显高于正常水平,并于24h达到高峰,1周回到基础值;同时tPA活性明显受到抑制,PAI-1活性升高.L-Arg可显著降低血浆GMP-140活性,并伴有tPA升高,PAI一1下降(两组比较P<0.05或P<0.01).4周后动脉新生内膜面积、新生内膜面积/中膜面积比值明显降低(两组比较P<0 .01).提示L一Arg可明显抑制动脉损伤后血小板的活化,激活纤溶系统,使动脉中层平滑肌细胞的增殖减轻,达到降低新生内膜形成的目的.