氟比洛芬酯和利多卡因联用缓解异丙酚注射痛的随机对照研究

目的 探讨联合应用氟比洛芬酯和利多卡因做静脉预处理缓解异丙酚注射痛的效果.方法 将160例拟行择期手术的ASI 1～2级全麻患者随机分为对照组、利多卡因组(Lc组)、氟比洛芬酯组(FA组)和氟比洛芬酯和利多卡因联用组(联用组),每组各40例.所有患者在给药前均先以橡胶止血带阻断其局部静脉回流,随后分别给予对照组0.9％ NS7 mL,FA组氟比洛芬酯注射液5mL(50 mg)+0.9％ NS 2 mL,Lc组2％利多卡因2mL(40 mg)+0.9％ NS 5 mL,联用组氟比洛芬酯注射液5mL (50 mg) +2％利多卡因2mL (40 mg);2 min后撤止血带,在5s内给入0.5 mg/kg的异丙酚.给药同时由另一位麻醉师以相同的方式及问题询问患者注射部位情况,采用VRS评分.结果 4组间一般情况比较无明显差异.Lc组、FA组、联用组的异丙酚注射痛发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),联用组疼痛发生率低于其余3组.在注射痛强度评分方面,Lc组和联用组的疼痛强度明显低于对照组.术后24 h随访,患者注射部位无红肿、静脉炎或药疹等不良反应情况,亦无预期的胃肠刺激症状.结论 氟比洛芬酯和利多卡因联用做静脉预处理可有效缓解异丙酚注射痛,且不会增加不良反应.     

北京市某社区医院内科患者抗血小板治疗分析

目的调查北京某社区医院住院患者抗血小板药物应用现状及其影响因素,以了解北京基层医院心脑血管病患者一、二级防治现状。方法采用病例调查的方法,顺序选取在北京玉泉山地区某社区医院内科住院的790例具有服用阿司匹林的指征的患者中,对其存在的心血管病危险因素、是否使用阿司匹林及影响因素进行分析。结果 790例患者中,516人使用了阿司匹林占65.3%。阿司匹林的二级预防情况稍好于一级预防(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示冠心病、脑卒中、担心发生或已经发生的不良反应是导致患者未规范使用阿司匹林的重要原因。结论目前我国基层医院阿司匹林的正确使用率仍然较低,需进一步加大宣传教育力度,提高医务人员对各种指南的认识程度及防病意识。     

Limited clinical relevance of imaging techniques in the follow-up of patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a meta-analysis

The clinical value of imaging is well established for the follow-up of many lymphoid malignancies but not for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A meta-analysis was performed with the dataset of 3 German CLL Study Group phase 3 trials (CLL4, CLL5, and CLL8) that included 1372 patients receiving first-line therapy for CLL. Response as well as progression during follow-up was reassessed according to the National Cancer Institute Working Group1996 criteria. A total of 481 events were counted as progressive disease during treatment or follow-up. Of these, 372 progressions (77%) were detected by clinical symptoms or blood counts. Computed tomography (CT) scans or ultrasound were relevant in 44 and 29 cases (9% and 6%), respectively. The decision for relapse treatment was determined by CT scan or ultrasound results in only 2 of 176 patients (1%). CT scan results had an impact on the prognosis of patients in complete remission only after the administration of conventional chemotherapy but not after chemoimmunotherapy. In conclusion, physical examination and blood count remain the methods of choice for staging and clinical follow-up of patients with CLL as recommended by the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 2008 guidelines. These trials are registered at http://www.isrctn.org as ISRCTN 75653261 and ISRCTN 36294212 and at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00281918.     

HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎和乙型肝炎肝硬化临床特点分析

目的 了解HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎(乙肝)及乙肝肝硬化患者的临床特点,为防治方案的制定提供依据.方法 回顾性分析673例于我科住院的慢性乙肝及乙肝肝硬化患者临床资料,根据HBeAg特点分为阴性组和阳性组,分析2组患者年龄、病程、病毒学等方面的异同.结果 阴性组352例,占52.3%;阳性组321例,占47.7%.阴性...     

原位注射法建立人胰腺癌SW1990裸鼠种植瘤模型及高频内镜超声探头对其的监测

目的 建立裸小鼠人胰腺癌原位种植瘤模型,探索监测种植瘤生长的方法.方法 将对数生长期的人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990制备成细胞悬液,原位注射于Balb/c-nu裸小鼠胰腺尾部包膜下,利用高频内镜超声(EUS)探头体表观察肿瘤结节的生长及声像图像.结果 20只裸小鼠均接种成功,1只裸鼠于接种后25 d时死亡.接种后14 d,EUS检查的瘤体大小为(8.09±2.61)mm3,肿瘤结节呈均质低回声,边界清楚,周边有包膜及声晕,形态规则,30%的肿瘤结节周边可见低速环绕彩色血流信号;接种后28 d,瘤体增大至(12.40±3.51)mm3,70%的肿瘤结节呈不规则形,部分为分叶状,肿块呈低回声,不均质,未见液化坏死区,70%的肿瘤结节周边可见低速环绕彩色血流信号.结论 原位注射法是建立裸小鼠人胰腺癌原位种植瘤模型较理想的方法,操作简便,成瘤率高;高频内镜超声显像是可靠的监测胰腺原位种植瘤的手段.     

血管内皮功能无创检测技术及进展

血管内皮细胞是一层连续覆盖在血管腔表面的扁平鳞状细胞,它不仅是人体最大的内分泌、旁分泌器官,分泌几十种血管活性物质,而且还是许多活性物质的靶器官。血管内皮细胞在调节血管舒张状态、维持凝血和纤溶系统的平衡、抑制血小板聚集、     

Sequential intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with mitomycin C and bacillus Calmette-Guérin and with bacillus Calmette-Guérin alone in patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: results of an EORTC genito-urinary group randomized phase 2 trial (30993)

Background

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the intravesical treatment of choice for carcinoma in situ (CIS).

Objective

Our aim was to assess if sequential mitomycin C (MMC) plus BCG after transurethral resection (TUR) is worthy of further study in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with CIS.

Design, setting, and participants

In a noncomparative phase 2 study, 96 patients with primary/secondary/concurrent CIS of the urinary bladder were randomized to sequential MMC plus BCG or to BCG alone after TUR.

Intervention

Patients received six weekly instillations of MMC followed by six weekly instillations of BCG or six weekly instillations of BCG, 3 wk rest, and three further weekly instillations of BCG. Complete responders received three weekly maintenance instillations at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 mo in accordance with the initial randomization.

Measurements

End points were complete response (CR) rate at the first control cystoscopy 16–18 wk after start of treatment, disease-free interval, overall survival, and side effects.

Results and limitations

Ninety-six patients were randomized, 48 to each treatment group. Ten patients were ineligible, and three did not start treatment. In all randomized patients, CR rates on MMC plus BCG and BCG alone were 70.8% and 66.7%, respectively. In 83 eligible patients who started treatment, CR rates were 75.6% and 73.8%, respectively. Based on a median follow-up of 4.7 yr, 25 patients (52.1%) on MMC plus BCG and 22 patients (45.8%) on BCG alone were disease free. Twelve patients stopped treatment due to toxicity: three during induction (two MMC plus BCG, one BCG) and nine during maintenance (three MMC plus BCG, six BCG).

Conclusions

In the treatment of patients with CIS, sequential chemoimmunotherapy with MMC plus BCG had acceptable toxicity. CR and disease-free rates were similar to those on BCG alone and to previous publications on sequential chemoimmunotherapy.

Trial registration

This study was registered with the US National Cancer Institute clinical trials database (protocol ID: EORTC-30993). http://www.cancer.gov/search/ViewClinicalTrials.aspx?cdrid=68869&;version=HealthProfessional&;protocolsearchid=7920643.