Jugendliche Stupratoren

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ein-Fall von angeborener Taubstummheit mit negativen Befund im Mittel- und Innenohr

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 2 Abbildungen     

Bladder tissue formation from cultured bladder urothelium.

Tissue recombination is a powerful method to evaluate the paracrine-signaling events that orchestrate the development of organs using the in vivo environment of a host rodent. Studies have reported the successful generation of primary cultures of rodent bladder urothelium, but none have reported their use to recapitulate bladder tissue with tissue recombination. We propose that primary cultured bladder urothelium, when recombined with inductive embryonic bladder mesenchyme, will form bladder tissue in a recombination model. Adult rat bladders were isolated and urothelium obtained. Sheets of bladder urothelium were re-suspended in collagen and maintained in tissue culture. After expansion (>20 passages), the urothelium was recombined with embryonic day-14 mouse bladder mesenchyme, then grafted beneath the renal capsule of immunocompromised mouse hosts. Grafts were harvested after 28 days. Control grafts were performed with bladder mesenchyme alone, cultured bladder urothelium alone, and collagen matrix alone. Final tissues were evaluated with staining and immunohistochemistry (H&E, Gomori's trichrome, broad-spectrum uroplakin, and smooth muscle actin alpha and gamma). Immunocytochemistry on cultured urothelium for broad-spectrum keratin, vimentin, and broad-spectrum uroplakin confirmed pure populations, void of mesenchymal contaminants. Staining of recombinant grafts demonstrated bladder tissue with mature urothelium and stromal differentiation. Control tissues were void of bladder tissue formation. We have successfully demonstrated that a chimeric bladder is formed from primary cultured bladder urothelium recombined with embryonic bladder mesenchyme. This is a powerful new tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms of bladder development and disease. Future applications may include the in vitro genetic manipulation of urothelium and examining those effects on growth and development in an in vivo environment.     

Simple Python Module for Conversions Between DICOM Images and Radiation Therapy Structures,Masks, and Prediction Arrays

Deep learning is becoming increasingly popular and available to new users, particularly in the medical field. Deep learning image segmentation, outcome analysis, and generators rely on presentation of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images and often radiation therapy (RT) structures as masks. Although the technology to convert DICOM images and RT structures into other data types exists, no purpose-built Python module for converting NumPy arrays into RT structures exists. The 2 most popular deep learning libraries, Tensorflow and PyTorch, are both implemented within Python, and we believe a set of tools built in Python for manipulating DICOM images and RT structures would be useful and could save medical researchers large amounts of time and effort during the preprocessing and prediction steps. Our module provides intuitive methods for rapid data curation of RT-structure files by identifying unique region of interest (ROI) names and ROI structure locations and allowing multiple ROI names to represent the same structure. It is also capable of converting DICOM images and RT structures into NumPy arrays and SimpleITK Images, the most commonly used formats for image analysis and inputs into deep learning architectures and radiomic feature calculations. Furthermore, the tool provides a simple method for creating a DICOM RT-structure from predicted NumPy arrays, which are commonly the output of semantic segmentation deep learning models. Accessing DicomRTTool via the public Github project invites open collaboration, and the deployment of our module in PyPi ensures painless distribution and installation. We believe our tool will be increasingly useful as deep learning in medicine progresses.     

Does a fracture liaison service program minimize recurrent fragility fractures in the elderly with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Background

There is a sizable proportion of elderly, both men and women, with fragility fractures, approximately 2 million fractures per year in the United States.