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81.
J H Boyd J D Burke E Gruenberg C E Holzer D S Rae L K George M Karno R Stoltzman L McEvoy G Nestadt 《Archives of general psychiatry》1984,41(10):983-989
The diagnostic criteria of the third edition of the DSM-III often state that one diagnosis cannot be made if it is "due to" another disorder. Using data from the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, with a sample of 11,519 subjects from a community population, we found that if two disorders were related to each other according to the DSM-III exclusion criteria, then the presence of a dominant disorder greatly increased the odds of having the excluded disorder. We also found that disorders, which DSM-III says are related to each other, were more strongly associated than disorders, which DSM-III says are unrelated. However, we also found there was a general tendency toward co-occurrence, so that the presence of any disorder increased the odds of having almost any other disorder, even if DSM-III does not list it as a related disorder. We concluded that empirical studies are needed to study the assumptions underlying the use of a diagnostic hierarchy. 相似文献
82.
83.
Ng Stella L. Crukley Jeff Brydges Ryan Boyd Victoria Gavarkovs Adam Kangasjarvi Emilia Wright Sarah Kulasegaram Kulamakan Friesen Farah Woods Nicole N. 《Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice》2022,27(2):323-354
Advances in Health Sciences Education - Critical reflection supports enactment of the social roles of care, like collaboration and advocacy. We require evidence that links critical teaching... 相似文献
84.
Anne Daly Wolfgang Hgler Nicola Crabtree Nick Shaw Sharon Evans Alex Pinto Richard Jackson Catherine Ashmore Júlio C. Rocha Boyd J. Strauss Gisela Wilcox William D. Fraser Jonathan C. Y. Tang Anita MacDonald 《Nutrients》2021,13(6)
In patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), treated by diet therapy only, evidence suggests that areal bone mineral density (BMDa) is within the normal clinical reference range but is below the population norm. Aims: To study longitudinal bone density, mass, and geometry over 36 months in children with PKU taking either amino acid (L-AA) or casein glycomacropeptide substitutes (CGMP-AA) as their main protein source. Methodology: A total of 48 subjects completed the study, 19 subjects in the L-AA group (median age 11.1, range 5–16 years) and 29 subjects in the CGMP-AA group (median age 8.3, range 5–16 years). The CGMP-AA was further divided into two groups, CGMP100 (median age 9.2, range 5–16 years) (n = 13), children taking CGMP-AA only and CGMP50 (median age 7.3, range 5–15 years) (n = 16), children taking a combination of CGMP-AA and L-AA. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was measured at enrolment and 36 months, peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT) at 36 months only, and serum blood and urine bone turnover markers (BTM) and blood bone biochemistry at enrolment, 6, 12, and 36 months. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the three groups for DXA outcome parameters, i.e., BMDa (L2–L4 BMDa g/cm2), bone mineral apparent density (L2–L4 BMAD g/cm3) and total body less head BMDa (TBLH g/cm2). All blood biochemistry markers were within the reference ranges, and BTM showed active bone turnover with a trend for BTM to decrease with increasing age. Conclusions: Bone density was clinically normal, although the median z scores were below the population mean. BTM showed active bone turnover and blood biochemistry was within the reference ranges. There appeared to be no advantage to bone density, mass, or geometry from taking a macropeptide-based protein substitute as compared with L-AAs. 相似文献
85.
Buser Julie M. Boyd Carol J. Moyer Cheryl A. Zulu Davy Ngoma-Hazemba Alice Jones Andrew D. Lori Jody R. 《Maternal and child health journal》2021,25(8):1182-1186
Maternal and Child Health Journal - Low birthweight (LBW) is a significant public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and LBW in rural Zambia is high. Our study explored the prevalence of LBW for... 相似文献
86.
87.
Sarah Wang Lina Patel Elise A. Sannar Mellad Khoshnood Natalie K. Boyd Lorena Mendez Noemi A. Spinazzi Eileen A. Quinn Michael S. Rafii Jonathan D. Santoro 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2023,191(7):1769-1782
Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD) is a clinical symptom cluster of acute or subacute neurocognitive regression in otherwise health persons with Down syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate if adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were more prevalent in children with DSRD than those with DS alone. A survey-based, cohort-based study was performed. Caregivers of individuals with DSRD with onset of symptoms between age 10 and 30 years and DS alone were administered the ACEs questionnaire via an online REDCap survey. A total of 159 responses were collected after excluding incomplete surveys and those not meeting criteria for DSRD. Individuals with DSRD were not more likely to experience ACEs (p = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–1.17). In those with ACEs prior to the onset of symptoms, the median time prior was 7 months (interquartile range: 5–10). Individuals with DSRD were more likely to report three or more ACEs (52, 33%) compared to those with DS alone (39, 22%) (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.08–2.87). Exposure to ACEs were not predictive of response to particular therapeutic interventions although those with multiple ACEs 3 months prior to the onset of symptoms was associated with lower response rates to benzodiazepines and immunotherapy (p = 0.02, 95% CI: −3.64–−1.13). This study provides preliminary data that individuals with DSRD experience ACEs at a similar rate to individuals with only DS alone, although three or more ACEs, often preceding the onset of symptoms, was more prevalent in individuals with DSRD. 相似文献
88.
89.
Patterns and prognosis ofClostridium difficile colitis 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Boyd C. Marts M.D. Ph.D. Walter E. Longo M.D. Anthony M. Vernava III M.D. Donald J. Kennedy M.D. Gayle L. Daniel R.N. B.S.N. Ivy Jones R.N. 《Diseases of the colon and rectum》1994,37(8):837-845
The incidence of
Clostridium difficile
colitis has increased during recent years, presumably because of liberal use of broad-spectrum antibiotic regimens. METHODS: A retrospective review to determine patterns of
C. difficile
colitis development, morbidity, and treatment results was undertaken. During an 18-month period, 90 patients were diagnosed with
C. difficile
colitis by fecal toxin assays. Patient demographics, symptoms, previously administered antibiotic regimens, diagnostic evaluations, treatment modalities, morbidity, and mortality were identified, entered into a computer data base, and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age was 58 years; males outnumbered females 1.21. Among 90 patients, 41 (46 percent) developed
C. difficile
colitis after surgical procedures. Eighty (89 percent) patients received antibiotic therapy before developing
C. difficile
colitis: 35 (44 percent) for documented infections and 45 (56 percent) as empiric or prophylactic therapy. Cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides were the most frequently administered antibiotic classes prior to
C. difficile
colitis diagnosis. Ten (11 percent) patients developed
C. difficile
colitis without previous antibiotic therapy. Eighty-two (91 percent) patients presented with diarrhea, while eight (9 percent) had fever only. Primary
C. difficile
colitis treatment for both groups included vancomycin (66 percent), metronidazole (24 percent), or both drugs (10 percent). Ten (11 percent) patients received no treatment. No patient developed toxic colitis or megacolon. Colonoscopy was performed in four (4 percent) patients; pseudomembranes were identified in one (25 percent) patient. There was one
C. difficile
colitis recurrence after treatment, but no
C. difficile
colitis-associated morbidity. Mortality (14 patients, 16 percent) was not related to
C. difficile
colitis, but to underlying illness. No difference in patient age, sex, previous antibiotic administration, serum albumin, total days hospitalized, duration of
C. difficile
colitis antibiotic therapy,C. difficile
colitis treatment regimens, or mortality was identified between nonsurgical and surgical patients. The white blood cell count was significantly lower in the nonsurgical group however.Clostridium difficile
colitis developed most commonly after antibiotic administration with symptoms of diarrhea, but did occur without previous antibiotic administration or diarrhea. CONCLUSION: Despite the clinical setting,C. difficile
colitis had no associated morbidity and treatment was highly effective. Mortality was related to underlying medical illness, not
C. difficile
colitis.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, May 2 to 7, 1993. 相似文献
90.
The relationship between cellular levels of mRNA coding for DNA topoisomerase II, both the alpha and beta isoforms, and in vitro sensitivity to anticancer drugs were evaluated. Using a sensitive RNA-polymerase chain reaction technique, the levels of mRNA coding for the alpha and beta isoforms of topoisomerase II were estimated relative to beta-actin mRNA. A relatively narrow range of expression was observed across a broad range of approximately 60 human tumor cell lines representing eight major histological types which have been characterized in detail with respect to their in vitro sensitivity to standard anticancer drugs. No significant correlations were observed between mRNA level and cellular response to drugs thought to inhibit topoisomerase II or any of the other drugs studied. These results suggest that predictive tests for response to topoisomerase II-related drugs can not be based on estimation of levels of mRNA. 相似文献