The Prevalence,Risk Factors,and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury After Lung Transplantation: A Single-Center Cohort Study in China

PurposeThe aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after lung transplantation (LTx).MethodsRecords of patients who underwent LTx in a single center were retrospectively reviewed. The prevalence of post-transplant AKI, the use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and the risk factors for AKI were investigated. The effects of AKI and CRRT on short-term outcomes and long-term survival were measured.ResultsThis study included 148 patients, 67 of which developed postoperative AKI. Of these, 31 patients underwent CRRT; the percentage of cases with no AKI was 6.2%, and the percentage of cases with stage 1, 2, and 3 who used CRRT was 0%, 10%, and 86.2%, respectively. Patients with AKI had significantly higher intensive care unit mortality and in-hospital mortality. The 1-year post-LTx survival rate of patients with AKI was 47.8%, significantly lower than those without AKI (74.1%). There was no difference in 1-year survival rate of those with stage 1 and stage 2 AKI, but patients with stage 3 AKI showed the worst survival. Patients who underwent CRRT had an inferior survival outcome (9.7% vs 76.1%, P < .05). We found that higher acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.082, P = .009) and higher intraoperative fluid balance (OR 1.001, P = .012) were independent risk factors, and female sex (OR 2.539) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 2.869) were potential risk factors for post-LTx AKI. A prediction model integration of the above factors showed a good concordance with actual risks and had a concordance index (C-index) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.87).ConclusionSevere AKI requiring CRRT had a negative impact on the short-term and long-term outcomes of patients.     

基于ITS2序列的翻白草与委陵菜分子鉴定

目的 应用DNA条形码技术对翻白草及易混品委陵菜进行分子鉴定,保障药材质量和临床用药安全。方法 提取翻白草及委陵菜的基因组DNA,扩增内转录间隔区2（ITS2）序列并双向测序,所得序列用SeqMan软件校对、拼接;在线双序列比对翻白草对照药材（F_R）及委陵菜对照药材（W_R）的ITS2序列,并预测其二级结构;从GenBank下载部分相关序列,运用MEGA X软件进行多序列比对,分析序列变异位点,计算种内、种间遗传距离,采用邻接法（NJ）构建系统进化树。结果 所有样品均成功扩增出ITS2序列,翻白草和委陵菜的ITS2序列长度均为210 bp。双序列比对结果表明,F_R与W_R的ITS2序列相似性为92.9%,二级结构存在明显差异。多序列分析结果表明,翻白草ITS2序列平均鸟嘌呤（G）+胞嘧啶（C）占比为63.0%,存在2个变异位点,种内遗传距离为0~0.009 6;委陵菜ITS2序列平均G+C占比为64.4%,存在5个变异位点,种内遗传距离为0~0.019 3;种间遗传距离为0.054 8~0.075 8。NJ树结果显示,翻白草、委陵菜聚为不同分支,可明显区分。结论 利用ITS2序列可以准确鉴别翻白草与委陵菜,为保障其安全用药提供了新的技术手段。     

Dark Tea: A popular beverage with possible medicinal application

Tea is a famous beverage that is produced from leaves of Camellia sinensis. Amongst the six major tea categories in China, dark tea is the only one that involves microbial fermentation in the manufacturing process, which contributes unique flavors and functions for the tea. In the recent decade, the reports about the biofunctions of dark teas have increased rapidly. Therefore it may be the proper time to consider dark tea as one potential homology of medicine and food. In this viewpoint, our current understanding of the chemical constituents, biological activities and possible health beneficial effects of dark teas were introduced. Some future directions and challenges to the development perspectives of dark teas were also discussed.     

Neuroprotective effects of Longxue Tongluo Capsule on ischemic stroke rats revealed by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of Longxue Tongluo Capsule (LTC) on ischemic stroke rats. Methods: Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham group, sham + LTC group, MCAO group, and MCAO + LTC group. Ischemic stroke rats were simulated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and LTC treatment group were orally administrated with 300 mg/kg of LTC once daily for seven consecutive days. LTC therapy was validated in terms of neurobehavioral abnormality evaluation, cerebral infarct area, and histological assessments. The plasma metabolome comparisons amongst different groups were conducted by UHPLC-Q Exactive MS in combination with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, aiming to finding the molecules in respond to the surgery or LTC treatment. Results: Intragastric administration of LTC significantly decreased not only the neurobehavioral abnormality scores but also the cerebral infarct area of MCAO rats. The interstitial edema, atrophy, and pyknosis of glial and neuronal cells occurred in the infarcted area, core area, and marginal area of cerebral cortex were improved after LTC treatment. A total of 13 potential biomarkers were observed, and Youden index of 11 biomarkers such as LysoPC, SM, and PE were more than 0.7, which were involved in neuroprotective process. The correlation and pathway analysis showed that LTC was beneficial to ischemic stroke rats via regulating glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, together with nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Heatmap and ternary analysis indicated the synergistic effect of carbohydrates and lipids may be induced by flavonoid intake from LTC. Conclusion: The present study could provide evidence that metabolomics, as systematic approach, revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of TCM, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical treatment of LTC on ischemic stroke.     

面向行业需求的中医药标准：发展现状与建设思考

在科学技术蓬勃发展的现代社会,标准建设在各行各业的必要性和重要性不断彰显,中医药标准建设则是推进中医药事业发展、促进中医药更好服务于人类健康的关键所在。伴随着国家政策支持及更多研究人员的关注,中医药标准建设工作已取得显著成效。紧跟标准改革的步伐,同时面向行业的需求,梳理了当前中医药行业标准研究与制定的概况,解析新时期下标准建设所面临的机遇与挑战及其不足,旨在为中医药标准引领行业高质量发展提供参考。     

基于PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP 信号通路探讨银杏内酯B 治疗代谢性脂肪性肝病的作用

目的：通过动物实验验证银杏内酯B (GB)治疗代谢性脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）的作用是否与调控PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP信号通路,抑制内质网应激,减少肝细胞凋亡及炎症反应相关。方法：72只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,辛伐他汀组,GB低、中、高剂量（GB-L、GB-M、GB-H）组（n=12）,高脂高糖饲料喂养12周构建MAFLD模型（正常组除外）。治疗8周后,收集血清和肝组织。生化试剂盒检测血脂和肝脂[总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）]及肝功能[天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）];酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）法检测血清和肝脏中的炎性因子[白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、白细胞介素-1 (IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)]水平;HE染色、油红O染色观察肝组织病理学;Western blot法检测肝脏组织中GRP78、PERK、p-eIF2α、ATF4、CHOP、Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达。结果：肝脏组织病理学显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠肝脏脂肪变性显著,与模型组...     

完全神经内镜下经Poppen锁孔入路松果体区手术的应用解剖学研究

目的 解剖观察完全神经内镜下经Poppen锁孔入路开颅松果体区手术的相关解剖结构及其特征,并探讨该术式的可行性。方法 选取12具经10%甲醛固定、红蓝乳胶灌注的成人尸头湿标本进行实验观察,其中男7例、女5例,年龄34~71岁。应用随机数字表法将12具标本随机分为内镜组和显微组,每组6具,分别采用完全神经内镜Poppen锁孔入路和显微镜常规Poppen入路进行模拟开颅手术松果体区手术。模拟手术中,利用神经导航对松果体区以及手术间隙进行观察测量：（1）观察2组松果体区重要解剖结构;（2）内镜组术中,于剪开小脑幕前后,分别测量松果体区暴露面积,并采用配对t检验进行比较;（3）内镜组与显微镜组术中,分别测量第1、2、3手术间隙的暴露面积,并采用独立样本t检验进行组间比较;（4）其他重要解剖结构间距的神经内镜测量。结果 （1）2种入路均可观察到双侧基底静脉、小脑中脑裂静脉、大脑内静脉、大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉等重要血管,以及滑车神经、四叠体、胼胝体压部和松果体等重要解剖结构,但显微镜常规Poppen入路的手术通道狭窄、倾斜,视野局限。（2）内镜组模拟手术中,剪开小脑幕前后松果体区显露面积分别为（73.14±3.38）mm²和（127.77±7.90）mm²,剪开后明显大于剪开前,差异有统计学意义（t=28.84,P<0.001）。（3）内镜组和显微镜组模拟手术中,第1、2、3手术间隙的暴露面积分别为（20.93±2.49）mm²、（72.55±4.18）mm²、（208.57±11.79）mm²和（9.12±1.12）mm²、（53.45±3.17）mm²、（175.29±9.98）mm²,内镜组均大于显微镜组,差异均有统计学意义（t=14.92、12.61、7.41,P值均<0.001）。（4）神经内镜测量显示：双侧基底静脉最大距离为（14.41±0.94）mm,双侧小脑中脑裂静脉最大距离为（8.23±0.84）mm,双侧大脑内静脉最大距离为（8.41±0.96）mm,双侧大脑内静脉最小距离（第1间隙最窄长度）为（2.58±0.22）mm,松果体中心点至丘脑枕部中心点距离为（16.83±1.16）mm。结论 完全神经内镜下经Poppen锁孔入路模拟手术中间隙恒定,可安全到达松果体区;与显微镜常规Poppen入路相比,完全神经内镜Poppen锁孔入路的手术操作空间更大,松果体区显露得更充分。     

北京地区老年髋部脆性骨折患者术后抗骨质疏松症药物治疗现状及影响因素分析

目的 评估北京地区老年髋部脆性骨折患者术后抗骨质疏松症药物（AOM）治疗现状并探讨其影响因素。方法 横断面研究。纳入2018年11月—2019年11月北京积水潭医院、北京医院、北京安贞医院、北京市昌平区医院、北京市顺义区医院、北京市房山区良乡医院收治的髋部脆性骨折患者1 963例,总结其人口学特征,并收集患者入院后30、120、365 d的临床资料,AOM治疗及健康基本补充剂使用情况。通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析AOM治疗的影响因素。结果 1 963例老年髋部脆性骨折患者,住院时年龄65~102（79.3±7.2）岁,≥80岁患者占56.7%（1 113/1 963）;男性患者占30.8%（604/1 963）,女性患者占69.2%（1 359/1 963）;股骨颈骨折846例,股骨粗隆间骨折1 077例,股骨粗隆下骨折40例。综合3个时间点,在髋部骨折后1年内,33.0%（648/1 963）的患者接受过AOM治疗,71.0%（1 394/1 963）的患者使用过健康基本补充剂。入院后30、120、365 d患者AOM治疗率分别为23.0%（451/1 963）、17.9%（353/1 963）、21.0%（412/1 963）,健康基本补充剂使用率分别为59.0%（1 158/1 963）、45.0%（883/1 963）、38.0%（746/1 963）。单因素分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁[粗比值比（OR）=0.645,95%可信区间（CI） 0.495~0.840]、男性（粗OR=0.760,95% CI 0.581~0.996）、共管模式（粗OR=3.025,95% CI 0.973~9.405）、居住地农村（粗OR=0.523,95% CI 0.388~0.704）、AOM服用史（粗OR=7.612,95% CI 2.227~26.020）、既往骨质疏松症史（粗OR=5.065,95% CI 3.149~8.147）、骨质疏松评估（粗OR=1.379,95% CI 1.105~2.451）是AOM治疗的影响因素。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁（调整后OR=0.618,95% CI 0.488~0.781）、男性（调整后OR=0.716,95% CI 0.565~0.908）、居住地农村（调整后OR=0.492,95% CI 0.375~0.645）是AOM治疗的危险因素;共管模式（调整后OR=2.632,95% CI 1.004~6.897）、AOM服用史（调整后OR=4.870,95% CI 2.080~11.402）、既往骨质疏松症史（调整后OR=4.804,95% CI 3.253~7.096）、骨质疏松评估（调整后OR=1.393,95% CI 1.041~1.862）是AOM治疗的保护因素。结论 北京地区老年髋部脆性骨折患者的AOM治疗率偏低。年龄≥80岁、男性、在农村居住的髋部脆性骨折患者治疗率较低,可采取共管模式,术前进行骨质疏松诊断与评估,提高骨质疏松治疗率。     

清胆和胃法治疗胆汁反流性胃炎临床疗效及安全性Meta 分析

目的：系统评价清胆和胃法治疗胆汁反流性胃炎（BRG）的临床疗效和安全性。方法：检索国内外数据库,收集自2013年1月至2022年12月正式发表的有关清胆和胃法方药对比常规西医治疗BRG的随机对照试验（RCT）。使用“Cochrane偏倚风险评估”工具对纳入研究进行质量评价,采用RevMan5.3软件对收集数据进行分析。结果：纳入的28项临床RCT包含总样本2 177例,其中观察组1 089例,对照组1 088例。分析发现,清胆和胃法在总有效率、中医证候积分、胃动素（MTL）、胃泌素（GAS）、胆汁反流情况、胃黏膜改善等方面疗效优于常规西医治疗;不良反应、复发率低于西医治疗。结论：清胆和胃法治疗BRG较单纯西医常规治疗效果更优,安全性更高,更不易复发。     

健脾益气汤联合化疗对肺癌术后患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探究健脾益气汤联合化疗对肺癌术后患者免疫功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析106例肺癌术后患者临床资料,将采用常规化疗的患者纳入对照组(n=53),采用健脾益气汤联合化疗的患者纳入试验组(n=53)。比较两组疗效和治疗前后中医证候积分、免疫功能、生存质量及体重、不良反应。结果:两组患者均顺利完成化疗,试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05); 两组治疗后中医证候积分均下降,试验组低于对照组(P<0.05); 对照组治疗后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均下降,CD8⁺水平上升(P<0.05); 试验组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均上升,CD8⁺水平下降,试验组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD8⁺水平优于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组免疫球蛋白(Ig)A水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 试验组IgM、IgG水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 两组治疗后Karnofsky体能状况(KPS)评分、体重均上升,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗期间两组恶心呕吐、脱发程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肾、肝功能异常程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健脾益气汤联合化疗可改善肺癌术后患者免疫功能,改善患者中医证候和生存质量,改善患者体重,减少化疗药物不良反应,提高疗效。