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721.
0 引言 bcl- 2基因是一种抑制凋亡基因 [1 ] ,通过基因突变或易位 ,使表达增强 .近期研究发现 Bcl- 2蛋白在非淋巴造血系统肿瘤中 ,也有异常表达 .如 :乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、鼻咽癌、胃癌、神经胶质瘤等 [2 ] ,且认为 Bcl- 2蛋白表达与预后因素有关 [3,4] .目前 ,国内有关实体瘤中 Bcl- 2表达、调节及功能与预后关系研究报道较少 .我们主要观察 Bcl- 2蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及预后因素间的相关性 .1 材料和方法1 .1 材料 收集我院 1 995 / 1 998原发乳腺癌手术切除标本6 9例 ,均为女性 ,年龄 2 9~ 72岁 ,平均 45岁 .术前未做过任… 相似文献
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723.
Background
Choose and Book is a central part of the UK Government patient choice agenda that seeks to provide patients with a choice over the time, date and place of their first outpatient appointment. This is done through the use of a computerised booking system. After a 2004 pilot study, Choose and Book was formally launched in January 2006. This is the first study of patient experience of Choose and Book since then. 相似文献724.
725.
Elizabeth H Allan Karl D Häusler Tao Wei Jonathan H Gooi Julian MW Quinn Blessing Crimeen‐Irwin Sueli Pompolo Natalie A Sims Matthew T Gillespie Jude E Onyia T John Martin 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2008,23(8):1170-1181
With the aim of identifying new pathways and genes regulated by PTH(1–34) and PTH‐related protein 1–141 [PTHrP(1–141)] in osteoblasts, this study was carried out using a mouse marrow stromal cell line, Kusa 4b10, that acquires features of the osteoblastic phenotype in long‐term culture conditions. After the appearance of functional PTH receptor 1 (PTHR1) in Kusa 4b10 cells, they were treated with either PTH(1–34) or PTHrP(1–141), and RNA was subjected to Affymetrix whole mouse genome array. The microarray data were validated using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR on independently prepared RNA samples from differentiated Kusa 4b10, UMR106 osteosarcoma cells, and primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts, as well as in vivo using RNA from metaphyseal bone after a single PTH injection to 3‐wk‐old and 6‐mo‐old ovariectomized rats. Of the 45,101 probes used on the microarray, 4675 were differentially expressed by ≥1.5 fold, with a false discovery rate <0.1. Among the regulated genes, ephrinB2 mRNA was upregulated in response to both PTH and PTHrP. This was confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR in vitro and in vivo. Increased ephrinB2 protein was also shown in vitro by Western blotting, and immunostaining of femur sections showed ephrinB2 in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Production of ephrinB2, as well as other ephrins or Eph family members, did not change during differentiation of Kusa 4b10 cells. Blockade of ephrinB2/EphB4 interaction resulted in inhibition of mineralization of Kusa 4b10 cells. Together with the shown effect of ephrinB2 promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through action on EphB4, the data raise the possibility that PTH or PTHrP might regulate ephrinB2 to act in a paracrine or autocrine manner on EphB4 or EphB2 in the osteoblast, contributing as a local event to the anabolic action of PTH or PTHrP. 相似文献
726.
Catherine Maulsby Kriti M. Jain Brian W. Weir Blessing Enobun Maura Riordan Vignetta E. Charles RiC Intervention Team David R. Holtgrave 《AIDS and behavior》2017,21(3):643-649
Persons diagnosed with HIV but not retained in HIV medical care accounted for the majority of HIV transmissions in 2009 in the United States (US). There is an urgent need to implement and disseminate HIV retention in care programs; however little is known about the costs associated with implementing retention in care programs. We assessed the costs and cost-saving thresholds for seven Retention in Care (RiC) programs implemented in the US using standard methods recommended by the US Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Data were gathered from accounting and program implementation records, entered into a standardized RiC economic analysis spreadsheet, and standardized to a 12 month time frame. Total program costs for from the societal perspective ranged from $47,919 to $423,913 per year or $146 to $2,752 per participant. Cost-saving thresholds ranged from 0.13 HIV transmissions averted to 1.18 HIV transmission averted per year. We estimated that these cost-saving thresholds could be achieved through 1 to 16 additional person-years of viral suppression. Across a range of program models, retention in care interventions had highly achievable cost-saving thresholds, suggesting that retention in care programs are a judicious use of resources. 相似文献
727.
Wilson E. Sadoh Ayebo E. Sadoh Kayode A. Adeniran Blessing I. Abhulimhen-Iyoha 《Journal of health, population, and nutrition》2008,26(4):463-467
The transmission of HIV via breastmilk has led to various recommendations for HIV-infected mothers. In this study, the feeding practices of HIV-infected mothers in the first six months of their infants’ lives were evaluated. In total, 103 consecutive mothers of children, aged 6-24 months, were evaluated for their feeding practices in the first six months of their infants’ lives. The mothers were recruited in two cohorts based on their entry (PMTCT cohort) or non-entry (non-PMTCT cohort) to an HIV MTCT-prevention programme. Information obtained included maternal age, socioeconomic class, and the educational level attained. All the babies in the non-PMTCT cohort were breastfed compared to none in the PMTCT cohort. Infant formula was inadequately prepared for 77.42% of babies in the non-PMTCT cohort compared to 18.64% in the PMTCT cohort. The mixed-feeding rate was high (70.45 %) in the non-PMTCT cohort. Over 70% of babies in both the cohorts were bottle-fed. Voluntary counselling and testing services in the healthcare system should be strengthened. All mothers should receive infant-feeding counselling, with exclusive breastfeeding being encouraged in those with unknown HIV status.Key words: Antiretroviral therapy, Breastfeeding, Counselling, HIV, Infant-feeding practices, Infant food, PMTCT, Nigeria 相似文献
728.
729.
Electrocardiographic changes associated with the nasopharyngeal reflex in conscious rabbits: vago-sympathetic co-activation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nalivaiko E De Pasquale CG Blessing WW 《Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical》2003,105(2):101-104
Electrocardiographic responses were assessed in conscious rabbits when the nasopharyngeal reflex was elicited by inhalation of formaldehyde vapour. There was a profound fall in heart rate (224+/-5 to 64+/-4 beats per min (bpm)) associated with abnormal or absent P-waves. There were no changes in the QRS complex. The R-T interval (control value 118+/-4 ms) was initially shortened to 107+/-3 ms and then prolonged to 130+/-4 ms. Heart rate and P-wave changes were prevented by muscarinic cholinergic blockade with methylscopolamine. The R-T shortening was reduced by 79+/-4% by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Methylscopolamine also unmasked small tachycardic responses (5-25 bpm) in 5/7 animals. This tachycardia was prevented by propranolol. Thus both parasympathetic vagal cardiac nerves and sympathetic cardiac nerves are activated during the nasopharyngeal reflex, with increased vagal effects in the sino-atrial node, and increased sympathetic effects in the ventricular myocardium. 相似文献
730.
A phase II trial of topotecan in patients with advanced,persistent, or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the antitumor activity of topotecan in women with advanced, persistent, or recurrent endometrial carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy, and to determine the nature and degree of toxicity of topotecan in this cohort of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible patients were those who had failed one prior chemotherapy regimen. Topotecan 0.5 to 1.5 mg/m(2) was administered iv daily for 5 days, every 3 weeks, until progression of disease or adverse affects prohibited further therapy. RESULTS: Of 29 patients entered, 28 were evaluable for toxicity and 22 were evaluable for response. Patient characteristics included a median age of 65, with 41% having prior radiation and 14% having prior hormonal therapy. Nine patients (41%) had a performance status (PS) of 0, 11 (50%) had a PS of 1, and 2 (9%) had a PS of 2. Patients received from 2 to 11 (with a median of 4) courses of treatment. The most frequently observed grade 4 toxicities were neutropenia seen in 17 (61%) patients, leukopenia in 11 (39%), and thrombocytopenia in 7 (25%). Two deaths were considered potentially related to treatment. There was one (4.5%) complete and one (4.5%) partial response; 12 (55%) patients maintained stable disease and eight (36%) experienced increasing tumor. CONCLUSION: Topotecan at this dose and schedule does not appear to have major activity in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy. 相似文献