乳腺柱状细胞病变

柱状细胞病变（columnar cell lesions，CCL）常常与低级别导管原位癌（ductal carcinoma in situ，DCIS）并存于同一乳腺，具有相似的形态学和免疫组化染色特征，提示CCL可能是低级别DCIS／浸润性癌的前驱病变。作者总结了18例患者的55个CCL的形态学和免疫组化染色特征，同时运用比较基因组杂交对病变的全基因组进行了分析，并与伴随的普通型增生、非典型小叶增生、DCIS、浸润性癌以及终末导管小叶单元进行了比较。     

Enhanced immunogenicity of SIV Gag DNA vaccines encoding chimeric proteins containing a C-terminal segment of Listeriolysin O

We investigated the potential of the C-terminal 59-amino acid segment of Listeriolysin O (LLO) in enhancing immune responses against the SIV Gag antigen in the context of DNA immunization. Genes with codons optimized for mammalian expression were synthesized for the SIVmac239 Gag, a secreted SIV Gag protein with the tissue plasminogen antigen (tPA) signal fused to its N-terminus (tPA/Gag), as well as their corresponding chimeric proteins Gag/LLO and tPA/Gag/LLO containing the C-terminal 59 amino acids of LLO. Analysis of immune responses to these DNA constructs in a Balb/c mouse model showed that the Gag/LLO construct induced higher levels of both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against SIV Gag, whereas the tPA/Gag construct induced higher levels of CD4 T cell responses. Moreover, immunization with the tPA/Gag/LLO construct further enhanced both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. DNA constructs encoding secreted Gag proteins (tPA/Gag and tPA/Gag/LLO) were also more effective in eliciting antibody responses against SIV Gag. Our results demonstrate that the C-terminal segment of LLO can be effectively employed to enhance both cellular and humoral immune responses in the context of a DNA vaccine.     

Thermodynamic properties in the liquid state of high melting polymers containing phenylene and naphthylene groups

High melting polymers of three different types of crystallization behavior were analyzed as to their thermal properties. The heat capacity at constant pressure of liquid poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) from 490 to 540 K was measured by scanning calorimetry. Combining with prior measured liquid heat capacity data of poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene) (PO) (358 – 620 K), poly-(thio-1,4-phenylene) (PPS) (540 – 600 K), poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PEN) (400 – 450 K, 530 – 600 K), an addition scheme for liquid heat capacities was constructed. In addition, the thermodynamic functions H and S have been calculated for those five polymers. The absolute, molar, residual entropy for the glassy state at zero kelvin is estimated to be 6,6,15,2, 7,48, 5,70, and 19,9 J/(K · mol) for PPS, PEN, PPO, PO, and PBT, respectively. Another two polymers with similar structure, poly(1,4-oxybenzoic acid) (POB) and poly(2,6-oxynaphthoic acid) (PON), were also studied in their high temperature mesophase states. A test of the addition scheme has been made to predict their heat capacities.     

乳腺软骨基质分泌型化生性癌一例

患者女, 29岁。发现左乳肿块 5月于 2002年 12月 12日入院。体检:左乳内下象限扪及 3cm×3cm×2cm质硬活动肿块,表面光滑。B超示左乳有 3cm×2cm×2cm界限清楚的弱回声区。临床诊断:左乳腺肿瘤性质待查。行肿瘤切除术。病理检查:灰褐色结节状组织 3cm×2cm×2cm,切面灰白略有光泽。镜下观察:肿瘤呈结节状,略分叶。结节周边肿瘤细胞丰富,最外层癌细胞排列成不规则条索或团状巢,其周可见少量纤维性间质和软骨样基质 (图 1)。癌细胞中等大小,多边形,细胞分界欠清。细胞质少 ~中等,红染,部分细胞胞质内见界限清楚的空泡,可推挤细胞核形成压…     

抑郁体验问卷(DEQ)的信度和效度研究

目的：探讨抑郁体验问卷（DEQ）的信度和效度。方法：采用抑郁体验问卷（DEQ）和Beck抑郁问卷（BDI）对356名被试进行测试。结果：内部一致性信度在0．81以上，重测信度在0．79以上，分半信度0．98；因子分析呈现三因子结构：依赖性、自我批评性和有效性因子，有22个条目的因子负荷不理想；依赖性和自我批评得分均与BDI的得分显著正相关；抑郁症患者在DEQ各因子上的得分与其它组相比有极显著的差异。结论：DEQ的信度和效度是满意的。但有必要对条目进一步研究。     

Neurotrophin regulation of sodium and calcium channels in human neuroblastoma cells

Neurotrophins, acting through tyrosine kinase family genes, are essential for neuronal differentiation. The expression of tyrosine kinase family genes is prognostic in neuroblastoma, and neurotrophins reduce proliferation and induce differentiation, indicating that neuroblastomas are regulated by neurotrophins. We tested the effects of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, in human neuroblastoma NB69 cells. Control cells exhibited a slow tetrodotoxin-resistant (IC(50)=98 nM) Na(+) current and a high-voltage-activated Ca(2+) current. Exposure to nerve growth factor (50 ng/ml) and/or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (5 ng/ml) produced the expression of a fast tetrodotoxin-sensitive (IC(50)=10 nM) Na(+) current after day 3, and suppressed the slow tetrodotoxin-resistant variety. The same type of high-voltage-activated Ca(2+) current was expressed in control and treated cells. The treatment increased the surface density of both Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents with time after plating, from 17 pA/pF at days 3-5 and 1-5 to 34 and 30 pA/pF after days 6-10, respectively. Therefore, both nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, acting through different receptors of the tyrosine kinase family and also possibly the tumor necrosis factor receptor-II, were able to regulate differentiation and the expression of Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels, partially reproducing the modifications induced by diffusible astroglial factors.We show that neurotrophins induced differentiation to a neuronal phenotype and modified the expression of Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents, partially reproducing the effects of diffusible astroglial factors.     

杜氏利什曼原虫LACK基因真核表达重组质粒及其在真核细胞中的表达

利什曼原虫的 L ACK抗原是利什曼原虫活性蛋白激酶 C受体同源物 ,是一种新发现的抗原蛋白。我们以本实验室的重组质粒 T- L ACK为模板 ,PCR扩增获得 L ACK基因 ,与真核表达载体 pc DNA3.1( )定向重组 ,重组质粒经酶切和 PCR分析 ,含有约 95 0 bp的 L ACK基因 ,成功构建含有 L ACK基因的真核表达重组质粒 pc D-NA3- L ACK。将此重组质粒转染 COS- 7细胞 ,通过 RT- PCR及免疫荧光检测 L ACK基因在真核细胞中的表达。实验结果显示转染了重组质粒的 COS- 7细胞 ,其 RT- PCR及免疫荧光检测均呈阳性反应 ,证实重组质粒 pc DNA3-L ACK能在 COS- 7细胞中有效表达 L ACK蛋白。     

免疫组化结果的图像分析与人工计数方法的对比研究

针对长期以来免疫组化结果难以准确判定的问题，选取图像分析(Image analysis，IA)的常用参数——阳性面积(Area)，平均光密度(Mean Density)，积分光密度(IOD)和人工计数方法的常用参数——阳性细胞百分比，灰度及两者乘积，通过图像分析和人工计数两种方法对分别代表胞浆、胞核和胞膜阳性的乳腺癌PS2、ER、c—erbB—2三个指标的免疫组化结果进行分析比较，从而探讨图像分析与人工计数方法在免疫组化染色结果的半定量评分中各自的优缺点、重复性及两者的相关性。实验结果表明：IA对免疫组化中胞浆，胞核及胞膜着色的结果判定均有较好的重复性，人工计数方法对胞核、胞膜阳性的结果判定重复性尚可；两种方法在免疫组化结果的判定上存在正相关关系。此外，针对在图像分析过程中应该注意的问题进行了较深入的讨论。     

胚基底前脑原位移植与靶区移植对修复Alzheimer病鼠的影响

本文用使君子酸(quisqualic acid,QA)分两点注入Sprague-Dawley大鼠左侧基底大细胞核制成Alzheimer病动物模型。破坏1周后,一组动物将同种胚基底前脑悬液注入模型鼠的额叶和顶叶,另一组动物则将胚基底前脑悬液原点注入破坏区。移植后5个月行为测试被动回避试验及主动回避试验,与破坏后1周的测试结果相比有显著性差异(p<0.05),表明移植后行为有明显改善。但两组动物移植后行为改善的程度无明显差异。形态学观察发现两组动物移植区均有AChE阳性神经元及阳性纤维终末形成的斑片。原位移植区范围较皮质移植区略大,移植区所见AChE阳性神经元形态与正常基底大细胞核的细胞相似。实验结果表明原位移植亦能获得与靶区移植同样的效应,提示基底大细胞核区在受损后可能产生某种神经营养因子,促进了胚脑细胞的存活。Alzheimer病模型鼠机能的恢复不一定与神经网络的重建有关,而与具有产生ACh递质的内源性微泵有关。     

细胞角蛋白在乳腺导管内增生性病变鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 研究细胞角蛋白(CK)在乳腺导管内增生性病变的表达情况,寻求帮助乳腺导管内增生性病变鉴别诊断的分子标记。方法 按Page标准选病例,收集本院1993～2002年病理标本,乳腺导管内增生性病变92例(石蜡包埋标本)、冷冻切片30例以及导管上皮普通性增生原代培养上皮细胞和浸润性导管癌细胞株T-47D和MCF-7。采用EnVision标准二步法研究CK34βE12、CK8以及CK14表达情况。结果 (1)石蜡组织中CK34βE12在导管上皮普通性增生、不典型性增生、导管原位癌以及浸润性导管癌的阳性结果分别为95．2％、33．3％、19．2％和12．5％;导管上皮普通性增生、浸润性导管癌的冷冻切片CK34βE12阳性率为100％和55％;CK34βE12在MCF7呈阴性染色,在普通性增生原代培养细胞及T-47D中呈阳性染色;(2)CK8与CK14在乳腺导管上皮普通性增生的表达模式与其他病变不同。结论 CK34βE12有助于乳腺导管内增生性病变的鉴别诊断,但还不适用于术中冷冻快速诊断;CK8与CK14在乳腺导管内增生性病变中的表达模式可有助于鉴别诊断。