Early neonatal mortality in an intramural birth cohort at a tertiary care hospital

Early neonatal mortality (ENM) occurring among 12,283 consecutive live birthsover a period of 3 years were analysed. The early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) was 26.6/1000 live births. Birth weight less than 2,000 gm, lack of antenatal care, male sex, operative vaginal delivery, prematurity and multiple pregnancy were significantly associated with early neonatal deaths. Birth asphyxia was found to be the most important cause of death, followed by hyaline membrane disease and congenital malformations. Majority of the asphyxia related deaths were due to late intrapartum referral of the mothers. Forty-two per cent of early neonatal deaths occurred in babies weighing less than 1,500 gm. Early identification and referral of high risk mothers and health education would significantly reduce the early neonatal deaths.     

Perinatal autopsy—A seven-year study

A retrospective analysis of autopsies conducted on perinatal deaths during 7 years period (Oct 1983 to Sept 1990) was done. There were 650 neonatal deaths and 944 still births during the study period. Autopsy rates among neonates and still births were 33% and 4.9% respectively. There ware significant findings in 97.2% of neonatal deaths and in all still births. Pulmonary lesions followed by congenital malformations were the major pathological findings. Infection was observed among smaller number of babies compared to other Indian studies. Autopsy revealed many internal congenital malformations which were not diagnosed clinically. Autopsy changed or added to clinical diagnosis in 59.5% of cases. Perinatal autopsy is highly productive in our set up.     

Low birth weight: an outcome of poor socio-obstetric interaction

Factors contributing to low birth weight (LBW) include poverty, ignorance, and inability to use health care services. Early marriage and low family income lead to poor maternal nutrition reserves, which lead to reduced fetal nutrition. Poor maternal nutrition is also the result of ignorance, short birth intervals, multi-parity, and lack of prenatal care. Both heavy manual labor and smoking contribute to placental ischemia, which, along with reduced fetal nutrition, leads to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In developing countries, IUGR accounts for over 66% of all LBW neonates. About 7 million Indian babies annually are LBW. This study examined the incidence of LBW among 178 mothers delivering single births at the maternity hospital associated with the Department of Community Medicine of SKIMS, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, during 1989-90. 26.40% (47) of the 178 births were LBW (2500 g). Among 71 first-borns, marriage age was found to be statistically significantly associated with LBW. 31.82% of mothers younger than 20 years had LBW babies, compared to only 6.12% of mothers older than 20 years. The impact ratio, which measured excess LBW, was 4.20. Birth interval was statistically significantly associated with LBW outcome. 55.81% of women with a birth interval of less than 18 months had LBW babies, compared to 20.31% of mothers with longer birth intervals. The impact ratio was 1.75. Gravidity was also statistically associated with LBW babies. 34.58% of multigravida mothers had LBW babies, compared to 14.08% of primigravidae. The impact ratio was 1.46. Presence of prenatal care was statistically associated; the impact ratio was 1.42. 31.30% of illiterate women had LBW babies, compared to only 17.46% among literate women, which indicated significant associations with LBW. Other significant factors were manual labor, maternal smoking, and monthly family income. Reduction of LBW by 10-30% nationally by the year 2000 will be difficult and best accomplished by a high risk approach supplemented by health and nutrition education.     

护肝拔毒软膏质量标准研究

目的：建立护肝拔毒软膏(苦参、鲜青蒿、黄芪、赤芍等)的质量控制方法。方法：用TLC法鉴别制剂中的苦参、青蒿、黄芪、赤芍，用TLCS法测定制剂中苦参碱的含量。结果：鉴别方法专属性强，苦参碱平均回收率为97．11％，RSD为2．50％。结论：所建方法为制剂质量标准的制订提供了实验依据。     

Should patients with asymmetrical noise‐induced hearing loss be screened for vestibular schwannomas?

Should patients with asymmetrical noise‐induced hearing loss be screened for vestibular schwannomas? The Peterborough ENT department receives many referrals for MoD personnel who have suffered hearing loss from occupational noise exposure. Those patients with asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss are routinely screened for vestibular schwannomas by MRI scanning. Scan reports from the past 5 years have been reviewed and out of 152 scans, four revealed vestibular schwannomas giving a pick‐up rate of 2.5%, which compares favourably with other published pick‐up rates. Review of the audiograms in these cases suggests that they can be misleading in this context. The conclusion is that patients with noise‐induced asymmetrical hearing loss should be screened for acoustic neuromas.     

鹿茸多胺的抗脂质过氧化作用

目的 研究鹿茸多胺的抗氧化作用。方法 测定鹿茸多胺在体外对NADPH-维生素C和Fe^2 半胱氨酸系统诱发的微粒体脂质过氧化反应(MDA形成)的影响，对黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶系统超氧阴离子自由基(O2^-)产生(还原型细胞色素C形成)的影响，在体内对CCI。和乙醇诱发的小鼠肝脂质过氧化反应(MDA形成)的影响。结果 鹿茸多胺在体外能明显抑制NADPH-维生素C和Fe^2 一半胱氨酸系统诱发的大鼠脑、肝、肾微粒体脂质过氧化反应(MDA形成)，及黄嘌呤一黄嘌呤氧化酶系统O2^-的产生(还原型细胞色素C形成)。在体内能抑制CCl4和乙醇诱发的小鼠肝脂质过氧化反应(MDA形成)。结论 鹿茸多胺具有抗氧化作用。     

新辅助化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床评价

目的　评价新辅助化疗 (术前诱导化疗 )在治疗ⅢA 期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)中的应用价值。方法　将 10 2例Ⅲ A 期NSCLC患者随机分为 2个组 :新辅助化疗组 5 1例 ,诱导化疗后行手术治疗 ,其中 3 0例术前接受支气管动脉灌注 (BAI)化疗 ,2 1例术前接受全身化疗。单一手术组 5 1例 ,确诊后直接行手术治疗。结果　新辅助化疗组总有效率 (CR PR )为 49.0 % (2 5 / 5 1) ,化疗不良反应患者可耐受。新辅助化疗组手术切除率和完全性切除率为 92 .2 %和 5 4.9% ,明显高于单一手术组 (72 .5 %和 3 5 .3 % ,P<0 .0 5 )。新辅助化疗组患者 (3 4例 )平均中位生存期为 2 5个月 ,2年生存率为 5 5 .9% (19/ 3 4)。单一手术组患者 (3 2例 )平均中位生存期为 13个月 ,2年生存率为 2 8.1% (9/ 3 2 )。 2组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　对ⅢA 期NSCLC患者进行新辅助化疗可提高手术切除率 ,延长患者中位生存期 ,提高患者 2年生存率。     

食管鳞癌p16和p53蛋白的表达及其意义

目的 :探讨 p16、p5 3蛋白在食管鳞癌 (ESC)中的表达及其意义。方法 :利用 S- P法检测 5 6例 ESC中 p16和 p5 3蛋白的表达。结果 :5 6例食管鳞癌中 ,p16蛋白表达阳性 2 1例 ,占 37.5 % ,p5 3蛋白表达阳性 35例 ,占 6 2 .5 % ,p16和 p5 3蛋白表达与肿瘤分化程度关系密切 ,随分化程度的降低 ,p16蛋白阳性率逐渐降低 (P<0 .0 2 5 ) ,p5 3蛋白阳性率逐渐增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,p16阳性表达组 p5 3表达显著低于 p16阴性组 (P<0 .0 1) ,且与淋巴结转移有一定的关系。结论 :联合检测食管鳞癌组织中 p16和 p5 3蛋白的表达有助于综合判断食管鳞癌的恶性程度和转移潜能。     

Infants born to narcotic dependent mothers: Physical growth patterns in the first 12 months of life

Objectives: To describe the physical growth patterns of infants born to narcotic dependent mothers (INDM) over a 12 months period and, if possible, to relate the growth to drug taking patterns during pregnancy.
Methodology: The growth of a cohort of 43 INDM was measured during the first 12 months of life. Weight and length measurements were compared with percentile charts and converted to Z scores. Questionnaire data about drug taking practices, demographic variables and the neonatal period (including withdrawal scores) were obtained.
Results: Twenty-four (55.8%) of INDM had evidence of neonatal drug withdrawal requiring treatment with phenobarbitone. At birth, Z scores for weight and length indicated relative intrauterine growth retardation. By 12 months, there had been some catch up growth, but Z scores for weight and length were still below zero. Persistent weight retardation at 12 months was correlated with methadone dosage during pregnancy, but not the need for phenobarbitone therapy.
Conclusions: The growth patterns of INDM in the first 12 months of life indicated that at birth there was evidence of intrauterine growth retardation, but by 12 months the growth was little different from the rest of the community. There appears to be some influence of narcotic agents taken while pregnant on subsequent growth of INDM.     

大剂量他莫昔芬逆转晚期结肠癌多药耐药性的临床研究

目的:研究大剂量他莫昔芬(tamoxifen,TAM)逆转晚期结肠癌经氟尿嘧啶草酸铂化疗方案产生的耐药性的作用。方法:挑选外周血淋巴细胞Pgp表达阳性并接受多次化疗的晚期结肠癌患者59例,随机分成两组。A组(31例)应用大剂量TAM(100mg,2次/d,5d)逆转耐药治疗后,行氟尿嘧啶+草酸铂方案化疗;B组(28例)仅完成上述化疗。结果:A组有效率为25.8%(8/31),均为PR,无CR,生存时间9～82周,中位生存期为10.31个月,1年生存率为32.3%(10/31);B组有效率为0(0/28),生存时间7～63周,中位生存期为5.67个月,1年生存率为10.7%(3/28)。A组Pgp转阴率为32.3%(10/31),B组为0(0/28)。A组的总有效率及Pgp转阴率与B组间差异有统计学意义,P1=0.0067,P2=0.0043。两组的毒副反应均较轻,两组间差异无统计学意义。结论:大剂量TAM对Pgp阳性的结肠癌多药耐药性有一定的逆转作用,临床应用可提高这部分患者的化疗敏感性。